电力专业英语

1、华北电力大学电力工程系2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-2Power System Introductionvoltagecurrentactive powerreactive powerstatus of circuit breakersStatus of protective relays电力系统调度电力系统调度2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-32022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-42022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-52022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-62022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-7202

2、2-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-8Basics DC/AC 直流/交流 Voltage 电压 Voltage level 电压等级 110v, 220v, 380v, 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, 20kV, 35kV 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV, 750kV, 1100kV Phase voltage 相电压, line voltage 线电压 Active power（real power）有功功率 Reactive power 无功功率2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-9BasicsY0Y0Y0 YY0 YY0YY0YY0Y0202

3、2-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-10Basics Generator Power Transformer Circuit breaker Protective Relay Dispatching system2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-112022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-122022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-132022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-142022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-152022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-162022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-17P

4、ower Dispatching Dispatching regulation on power system: issued in 1993 by State Council. Unified dispatching and hierarchical management: five levels.Branch-grid levelRegional levelCounty levelNational levelProvincial level国调网调省调地调县调2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-18National wide grid dispatchingOperation

5、 management of related large-scaled plants500(330)Kv transmission linesLarge-scaled plantsCoordinate economic operation of various branch gridsMedium and small scale plantsDistribution center220 Kv transmission lines500 Kv substationHigh voltage customers220 Kv key substation220 Kv substation110Kv,

6、35 Kv substation110Kv transmission lines and belowInter-regional connection above 500 KvBranch-grid levelregional levelCounty levelNational levelProvincial level2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-19 Power dispatching automation system(调度自动化系统). The task is providing to operators(调度员) all various kinds of real

7、 time information of power system, making management and dispatching decision to ensure safety and economical operation of power system. Sometimes it is also called EMS (Energy Management System)(能量管理系统)2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-20 EMS includes the following power advanced software:Load Forecasting(负

8、荷预测), Automated Generation Control(自动发电控制), State Estimation(状态估计), Transient Stability Analysis(暂态稳定分析), Optimal Power Flow(最优潮流), Dispatcher Training Simulator(调度员培训仿真系统) The basics of these advanced software is SCADA system.2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-21 The generator voltages are in the range of 11

9、 to 30kV; higher generator voltages are difficult to obtain because of insulation problems in the narrow confines of the generator stator. 发电机机端电压范围在11kV至30kV之间。机端电压难以达到更高的原因是由于发电机定子的绝缘问题。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-22 Transformers are then used to step up the voltages to the range of 110 to 765kV. 由升压

10、变压器将电压升至110kV至765kV。 In California the backbone of the transmission system is composed mainly of 500kV, 345kV, and 230kV three-phase lines. The voltages refer to voltages from line to line. 加州的主干输电网由500kV、345kV和230kV的三相线路组成。上述电压指的是线电压。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-23 One reason for using high transmissio

11、n-line voltages is to improve energy transmission efficiency. Basically, transmission of a given amount of power (at specified power factor) requires a fixed product of voltage and line current. Lower line currents are associated with lower resistive losses(I2R) in the line. 采用高输电线电压的原因之一是提高能量传输效率。基

12、本上，当传输一定的功率时（在给定功率因数下），电压和线路电流的乘积一定。降低电流相当于降低线路上的电阻性损耗。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-24 The primary objective of the interconnection is improved service reliability; a loss of generation in one area can be made up by utilizing spare capacity in another area. 电网互联的主要目的是提高供电可靠性；一个区域损失的发电量可以由另外一个区域的剩余容量供给。2

13、022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-25 Decision: Build or Upgrade City Substation 城市变电站面临抉择：新建还是扩建 Because many cities have experienced rapid growth, their substations have often reached the limits of their capacity. As a result, downtown distribution systems are often overworked and many need a major upgrade,

14、overhaul, or expansion. However, space is scarce. 由于城市不断发展，许多城市变电站已经达到其负荷极限，许多配电站急需升级、检修或扩建，问题是空间不足。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-26 BC Hydro built Cathedral Square, a major 230/12 kV underground gas-insulated substation located 62 ft underground, in 1984. BC水电公司于1984年建造了这个位于地下62ft（英尺）的230/12kV气体绝缘地下变电站。

15、 It has three levels underground and an urban park above. It originally had a dozen 12kV feeders, but has since undergone several upgrades, including the addition of 24 feeders for a current total of 36. 变电站建在地面以下，分为三层，地面上则是个公园，最初有12条12kV馈电线路，经过几次扩建增加了24条，目前共有36条馈电线路。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-27 Usin

16、g some devices such as magnetic temperature indicators that measure differential temperature between load tap-changer (LTC) oil tanks and main transformer oil tanks, the utility has moved from an annual LTC breaker maintenance schedule to an as-needed schedule. 由于使用了一些电磁温度指示器之类的装置来测量有载调压分接头油箱和主变压器邮箱

17、之间的温差，这家电力公司不必像以前那样，每年都要进行LTC开关维修，而是根据需要随时进行维修。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-28 On-line monitoring information is collected by the utility supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and is then sent to the diagnostics program where the data are analyzed according to present parameters suppl

18、ied by DP&L engineers and maintenance personnel. 在线监测信息是由监控及数据采集系统收集的。信息输入诊断程序，然后根据由DP&L的工程师和维修人员预先设置好的参数进行数据分析。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-29 On-line equipment monitoring is thought by many to be the next level of gathering and using system information. Moving from time-based preventive mainte

19、nance to condition-based maintenance requires information on the operational stress equipment is subject to. 很多人认为在线设备监测是在手机利用系统信息的基础上进行的。从原来的定期进行预防性检修到现在的状态维修，这一转变的关键就是一些主要运行设备的信息。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-30参考资料参考资料 刘然, 包兰宇, 景志华. 电力专业英语(第二版), 中国电力出版社. Unit one: The production of electrical energy 电

20、能生产 A brief history of the power industry 能源工业简史 Unit two: Generators and motors 发电机和电动机 Electricity and electrical circuits 电与电路 Unit three: Electrical energy transmission 电能输送 Transformers 变压器2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-31 Email: hrenNThanks!2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-32Importance of dispatching automa

21、tion system localized protective relay and automatic equipments Protective relays clear fault as quickly as possible. Exciter control maintains voltage quality and balances reactive power. Load shedding keeps frequency variation within acceptable range. Use local information. Can clear fault as quic

22、kly as possible. Limitation: without consideration of whole power system situation. Centralized dispatching automation system Use information collected from power plants and substations under the charge of the dispatching center.2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-33练习练习 文章题目 Research of the Effect for Relay P

23、rotection Based on STATCOM (西安交大硕士研究生) Effect of TCSC on Measured Impedance by Distance Relay Considering MOV Operation (伊朗大学)2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-34摘要摘要 This paper deals with the influence of the STATCOM to the relay protection. The fundamental compensation principle, the main circuit and contr

24、ol strategies of STATCOM are all proposed. This paper presents the measured impedance by a distance relay in the presence of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected FACTS device, on the protected transmission line considering Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) operation.2

25、022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-35 The operation logic of the relay protective in distribution system with STATCOM is analyzed. Many research in the voltage regular and provides efficient damping of oscillations by STATCOM have been studied 23. They were focused on the theory and application of controller.

26、It concluded that the effect related to the installed position of STATCOM. The shorter the distance, the greater will be impacted by the harmonics.练习练习2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-36专业英语的语法特点专业英语的语法特点惯用时态。惯用时态。专业英语中多用动词的现在时，尤其是多用一般现在时，来叙述事实或真理，客观地表述定义、定律、定理方程式、公式、图标等。用一般过去式来介绍试验情况或叙述事物的历史发展经过等。用一般将来时叙述计

27、划要做的工作和预期获得的结果等。大量使用被动语态。大量使用被动语态。专业英语更注重对事实、方法、性能和特性做出客观表述。采用被动语态能更为客观，有助于将读者的注意力在描述的事物、事实、现象或过程上。大量使用非限定动词。大量使用非限定动词。在专业英语中，为了描述的明确、简练，多采用不定式短语、分词短语，特别是分词短语应用较多。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-37大量使用名词及介词短语大量使用名词及介词短语。同样是为了达到明确和简练的要求，在专业英语中多采用名词和介词短语。条件句较多。条件句较多。专业文献中常需提出假设和推理，因而条件句使用较多。长句较多。长句较多。由于专业英语的

28、作用是陈述事理、描述过程，它所给出的定义、定理、定律或描述的概念及工艺过程，都必须严谨、准确。由此，与日常英语相比，使用的长句较多。有时一个长句就是一个较长的段落。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-38长句的翻译长句的翻译翻译长句子时，必须分析清楚原文的结构关系，在理解原文内容的基础上，分清主次，按照时间概念和逻辑顺序重新按汉语习惯加以组合处理，译出的句子既要准确地表达原文，又要符合汉语的习惯。常用的译法有顺译法、倒译法、分译法。顺译法是基本上保留原文的语法结构，依照原文顺序译出。一般地，当原文的语法结构和时间顺序与汉语相同时，可采用顺译法。在翻译过程中，根据具体情况，可增加或

29、省略有关连接词。例如：2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-39 No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machine

30、s rated above a few kilovolt-amperes.交流发电机不受任何限制，惟一的要求是相对移动，而且由于固定电枢及旋转磁场系统具有许多优点，这种安排是所有额定容量超过几千伏安的同步发电机的标准做法。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-40顺译法例句（顺译法例句（2 2） For large motors, therefore, a phase-winding rotor is used, with the winding connected at one end to each other and at the other end to slip-ring

31、s, thus enabling the resistance of the rotor to be varied at will, providing a greater starting torque and some speed control.因此，对于大型电机来说，一般采用相绕组转子，其绕线的一端互相连接，而另一端接于轴的滑环上，这样，可随意改变转子的电阻，从而可提供更大的起动转矩，并可适当控制速度。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-41倒译法倒译法 当原文结构层次与汉语相反时，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，逆着原文的顺序翻译，称为倒译法。例如： The resi

32、stance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing . 已知导线中的电流，只要求出导线两端电位差的伏特数，就不难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-42倒译法倒译法 Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论多么脏，形状多么不规则，当它们用超声波处理后，就可以被洗得非常干净，甚至干净得像新的零件一样。2022-3-17HUI REN NCEPU45-43分译法分译法 为了汉语表述的方便，可