高三英语一轮复习句型练习名词性从句讲解与练习无答案

1、句型练习名词性从句知识点和例题讲解名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。1、 引导名词性从句的关联词类 别词 义在从句中的作用that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatev

2、er, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语whether和if的区别 （1）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。 They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if） （2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，

3、特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。 Whether the 2019 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2019年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。（不能用if） （3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说whether/if or not, whether/if or。I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他是否会来。（不能

4、用if）（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。 I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。 （5）whether or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；if可以引导条件状语从句。 Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪，我都骑车去。 If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。（6）whethe

5、r可以和不定式连用，而if不能。 He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。They havent decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。（7）whether和if引导的宾语从句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含义不同。He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。（表示疑问，可加or not） He asked whether she couldnt help.他认为她能帮忙。（表示否定，不可加or not）巧记wheth

6、er与if异同“whether”与“if”都可表“是否”，是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；discuss和介词后，whether引宾从；不定式、or not后面跟，whether独能显神通；宾从如是否定句，if发挥其功用；避免歧义要慎重，其它情况可换用。二、主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoev

7、er, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。1、 从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。That you dont like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。2、 2、由连接代词引导的主语从句。（1）

8、连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。（2）what引导主语从句“的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件

9、事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。2、连接副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when,

10、where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。三、表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichev

11、er等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从

12、句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.

13、问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担心的。4、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。四、同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名

14、词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。1、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议

15、被推迟的消息。2、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。3、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)The sugg

16、estion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他

17、的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语

18、从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)（4） 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxian

19、g together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）五、宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。1、作动词宾语 （1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。I think (

20、that) he'll be right in a few days. 我认为他几天后就会好的。（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do计算机只能按人的指令去做。Do you know whom they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。关系副词 when，where，how，why 既

21、有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪里开会。（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女儿是否和儿

22、子一样受到重视。I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。否定转移。 （1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。I dont believe he treated the chil

23、d like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。（2）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 notso 替代前文整个从句。-I believe we've met somewhere before-No，I don't think so “我认为我们从前在哪见过。” “没有，我认为我们以前没见过。”-Do you think it's going to rai

24、n over the weekend？ -I believe not“你认为这周末会下雨吗？”“我认为不会。”注意：hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。 I really expect she didnt say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。 I t

25、hink and hope that he wont be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。7、时态的呼应与语序。 在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？They have no idea at all where he has gone他们一点也不知道他去了哪。Do you know who he wa

26、s talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗？ （2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。如： He said he would come to see us the next day. 他说他明天将来看我们。I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. 我想知道他是否去过北京。 （3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。 Dick asked Lucy how old she is迪克问露斯她多大了。 The teache

27、r said the sun rises in the east老师说太阳从东方升起。句型练习名词性从句一、 主语从句1、 他是否来还是个问题。2、 曾经一片废墟的地方今天变成了一所美丽的学校且充满了生机，这的确令人惊异。3、 我们必须尽可能多地掌握英语单词，这是很重要的。4、 事实上，一直困扰你的问题也正是中国大多数家长的困扰所在。5、 他所说的话令我很感兴趣。二、 表语从句1、 问题是他能否单独做这件事。2、 我所知道的是他不能做这件事。3、 这就是我想要知道的。4、 那就是为什么他昨天感冒的原因。5、 看起来要下雨。三、 宾语从句1、 他们告诉我他们想知道图书馆怎么走。2、 老师说这本书

28、很有趣，值得一读。3、 老师建议我们取消这项计划。4、 我认为他不会成功。5、 我们能学到我们不知道的东西。6、 成功与否取决于我们是否做了足够多的努力。.单句语法填空1(2019·高考北京卷变式)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.2(2019·高考安徽卷变式)A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.3(2019·高考浙江卷变式)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigat

29、e _ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.4(2019·高考福建卷变式)I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.5(2019·高考湖南卷变式)You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.6(2019·

30、;高考重庆卷变式)We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.7(2019·高考陕西卷变式)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.8(2019·高考湖北卷变式)As John Lennon once said，life is _happens to you while you are busy making other plans.9(2019

31、·高考江苏卷变式)What a mess！You are always so lazy!I'm not to blame，mum. I am _ you have made me.10They make suggestions _ laws should be passed and hikers should be trained before they attended the activities.单句改错1(2019·高考四川卷变式)The exhibition tells us what we should do something to stop air

32、pollution._2The question is if they can cooperate with us._3What we cant get seems better than that we have._4It was a matter of whoever would take the position._5Mary wrote an article on how the team had failed to win the game._6Please remind me where he said he was going. I may be in time to see h

33、im off._7He has an idea which he can make the scientific instrument in a better way._8She never doubted for a moment whether she was right._9From space，the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water._.短文填空在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思通顺AI like reading very much. My classmates' question is 1._I began to love reading. Actually，I loved reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was 2._I was surrounded by librari