知识点梳理及练习

1、7B Unit4知识点梳理及练习一、 重点词汇及句型1、I think we have to go up again. 我想我们不得不再上去。have to 意为“必须，不得不”，否定形式为dont(doesnt) have to,意思为“不必”，疑问形式为“Do(Does)have to ?”。如：We finish the work before having supper. 我们必须在吃晚饭前完成这项工作。I practice the piano on Sunday. 我不必在周日练钢琴。Do you practice the piano on Sunday? 你不得不在周日练钢琴吗？Y

2、es, I do./No, I dont. 是的，必须。/不，不必要。2、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine middle school. 阳光动物园在阳光中学的北面。1）“A + be + 方位词 + of + B”结构用于描述A地在B在的某个方向。如：The park is west of my home. 公园就在我家的西边。注意：此种结构中方位词前不加the,而在“in/on/to the + 方位词 + of”中，却要加the。如：China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲的东部。另外需要特别注意：方位词(east/west

3、/south/north)+ of=to the +方位词(east/west/south/north)+ of例：Japan is China.=Japan is China. 2）英语中的方向：east，west，south，north，south-east，south-west，north-east，north-west3）to the east of，in the east of，on the east of的区别B is in the east of A. （内部）C is on the east of A.（外部但接壤）C is to the east of B.（外部不接壤）=C

4、 is B.例：Shanghai is east of China and north of Guangdong.A.in the；不填 B.不填；to the C.in the;on the D.to the;on the3、They like to eat bamboo and lie down all day long. 它们喜欢吃竹子，整天躺着。（1）lie 为不及物动词，意思中“平躺”、“位于”、“说谎”。例如：After supper he likes lying on his chair. 吃过晚饭他喜欢躺在椅子上。Taiwan lies in the southeast of

5、China. 台湾位于中国的东南。We dont like a person who often lies. 我们不喜欢经常说谎的人。lie to sb.对某人说谎，注意介词用to注意：lie的现代分词是lying。类似的还有tietying；diedying。（2）all day long的意思是“整天”，亦可以说all day around。类似的还有all year long/around（常年，全年）。例如：他常年生病住院。（翻译） 4、Go straight on, and youll find the Panda House. 一直往前走，你就将看到熊猫馆。（1）go on 表示“

6、继续（说/做）下去”。常用结构为：go on doing继续做（未做完的事，中间无间断）；go on to do 接着做（做完某事，接着干另外一件事）。如：Go on writing, please. 请继续写下去。We have finished Unit 5. Lets go on to learn Unit 6. 我们已经学完了第5单元，让我们继续学习第6单元。（2）straight 用作副词，意为“径直地，笔直地”。如：They stood . 他们站得笔直。Walk on and youll see the traffic lights. 一直走你将看到红绿灯。Go down the

7、 road, youll find the post office. 沿着这条路一直向前，你会找到邮局。5、Walk along the road. 沿着这条路走。（1）along 用作介词，意为“沿着；顺着”，相当于down。 如：The train station is along that road, on the left. 火车站在那条路的左边。Walk the road and take the third turning on the right.沿着公路走，在第三个转变处向右拐。（2）along 用作副词，意为“向前”，常与表示运动的动词 go, come, move等连用，表

8、示向前移动。如：Come straight along here. 直接到这儿来。Come along. 来吧，跟我来吧。6、Remember that theyre dangerous. 记住它们是危险的。（1）remember动词，意为“记得、记住”，反义词是forget。后面可接名词和代词或从句。如：Do you remember her? 你还记得她吗？Did the girl remember your name? 那个女孩还记得你的名字吗？（2）remember to do sth意为“记得去做某事”，该事没有做；remember doing sth意为“记得曾做过某事”，该事已经

9、做了。如：Remember to turn off the lights when you leave. 当你离开时要记得关好灯。I remember telling you about this. 我记得告诉过你那件事。例：Kate，remember for the sick to cheer them up.Ato sing B.singing C.not to sing7、Cross the bridge, and youll see the elephants. 过桥，你就会看到大象。（1）本句属于“祈使句 + and + 简单句”的句型。注意，祈使句的动词必须使用动词原形。（2）cr

10、oss作动词，意为“越过；穿过；渡过”。如：Its dangerous to cross the street when the traffic can go.当车辆能够通行时，穿越马路是很危险的。（3）cross用作动词，还可意为“使交叉；使相交”。如：The street crosses the railroad tracks. 这条街与铁轨相交。难点解析（1）cross,across,pass,past的区别cross作动词，意为“横穿，穿过”，across是介词，cross=go/walk acrosscross the street= the street过马路 cross the

11、river= the river过河pass作动词，意为“经过的旁边”，意思相当于go past/walk pastAs she passed the library door，the telephone began to ring.换一种方式As she the library door，the telephone began to ring.例：Walk the building and go the bridge.You will find the bank right beside the market.A.past;cross B.pass;across C.pass;cross D

12、.past;cross（2）across和through的区别1)across横穿，横渡，与街道或河流形成十字，通常是在物体的表面穿过；如： go across the street 穿过大街 I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.2)through则表示贯通，直穿，从一头贯穿到另一头，通常表示在立体空间中穿过；如： The river runs through our city.go through the forest 穿过森林go through the tunnel通常过河、过街用across，而过隧道或形容河流的流动、铁路的途

13、径路线等时用through；巧记：“十”字形联想across，“一”字形或蛇形联想through；EX:( )The Xiamen-Shenzhen high speed railroad will run _ eight cities. A. across B. through C. over D. cross他穿过了大厅。He passed _ the hall.过马路前要左右看。 Look left and right before you go _ the street.8、Take the second turning on the right. 在第二个拐角处右拐。本句中的“tak

14、e + the + 序数词 + turning on the left/right”意为“在第个拐弯处向左/右拐”。例：Walk/Go along the street, take on the left.沿着这条街往前走，在第三个拐弯处向左拐。9、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.我们的父母将为我们准备足够的食品和饮料。（1） prepare作动词，意为“准备；预备”。prepare sth (for sb)(为某人)准备某事；如My mother will prepare a cake for me.妈妈会为我

15、准备一个蛋糕。（2）plenty作名词，意为“丰富，大量，充分”，它是不可数名词，只用于肯定句中。如：Would you like some more? 再来点儿吗？No, thanks, I have had plenty. 谢谢，不要了，足够了。拓展plenty of 意为“大量，足够”，前面没有不定冠词，它既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。谓语动词单复数根据后面所修饰的名词单复数而定。如：有充足的钱。(翻译) 有充足的书。（翻译） 10、Here were in front of the South Gate.我们到南门的前面了。in front of在前面；如：Mary sat i

16、n front of Jack.in the front of在前面（在某物的里面）；如：The blackboard is in the front of the classroom.例：Lets take some photos the South Gate.A. in the front of B.in front of C.at the back of D.at back ofB.11、Birds make beautiful sounds when they sing.鸟儿们在唱歌时发出美妙的声音。make beautiful sounds发出美妙的声音1）这里的sound作名词，表

17、示“具体的某种声音”的意思，是可数名词；如：make strange sounds发出奇怪的声音；Lisa was so frightened that she couldnt make a sound.丽萨吓得发不出声音。2）sound还可以表示抽象的声音，即“声波、声能”的意思，是不可数名词；如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声音的传播速度快。3）sound还可以作动词，表示“听起来”，此时后面接形容词，如：That sounds great.听上去很棒。类似的还有look/taste/smell/feel，当它们表示“看/尝/闻/摸（感觉）起来”的意

18、思的时候，后面必须接形容词，它们与sound一起组成英语中的五个感官类动词；例：那个注意听上去很棒。 那个女孩看起来漂亮。 这个炸鸡尝起来美味。 这些花闻起来香。 这件衣服摸上去软。 12、Monkeys are clever and funny.funny adj.有趣的，滑稽的；如：a funny film一部有趣的电影拓展fun作名词，表示“有趣的事情”，如：Have great fun!玩得开心！例：Mr Bean is always (fun) and makes people laugh.13、treasuretreasure表示“宝藏、财富”的时候，是不可数名词；如：There

19、is a lot of treasure in the boat.14、everybodyeverybody每个人,后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式.如：Everybody likes her.拓展：如果主语是something,somebody,someone,somewhere,anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere,nothing,nobody,no one, everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere,each,a (little), another,none,one,either 等时,谓语动词用单数形式.15、far与a

20、way的用法辨析be far away from表示“离很远”的意思，用来泛指距离远；当away前有具体的数字表示具体的距离时，前面不可再用far，如:学校离这2公里远。（翻译） 学校离这远。（翻译） away前的far和具体的距离不能同时存在。16、be afraid of sth/ doing sth. 与be afraid to do sth.辨析（1）be afraid of sth/doing sth 表示“担心某事会发生”，如：The little boy is afraid of being punished by his father. 这个小男孩担心被他的父亲惩罚。Im af

21、raid of falling into the river.我担心掉进河里。（2）be afraid to do sth 表示“因内心的恐惧而不敢做某事”，如：Im afraid to go alone at night.我不敢在夜间独自行走。例题：1）（ ）The girl was afraid English before so many people because she was afraid mistakesA. to speak;to make B.to speak;of making C.of speaking;of making D.of speaking;to make2)

22、 ( )She was afraid because she was afraid A.to swim;to drown B.to swim;of drowning C.of swimming;to drown D.of swimming;of drowning拓展Im afraid not.恐怕不能。表示“认为对方所说的事情不会发生”的意思，是一种委婉的否定。常用在单项选择的对话中。例题：（2014·重庆）Will you be back before 10 oclock? The exam wont be over until eleven.AI hope not. B.Here

23、 you are. C.Im afraid not. D.Best wishes.17、“Its adj+to do”结构，表示做某事是adj（如：difficult,easy,hard,good,bad等）的；如：完成这个任务是困难的。 每天早上刷牙时好的。 18、hear sb do与hear sb doing的辨析（1）“hear sb. doing sth.” 的意思是“听见某个动作的一部分”，或者意为“听见这个动作正在进行”；如：When I passed her room, I heard her singing an English song. 我路过她房间的时候，听见她在唱英文

24、歌。因为“当我经过她房间时”是某个时间点，因此听到的是正在进行的sing的一部分，所以用hear sb. doing sth； （2）“hear sb. do sth.”则表示“听到整个动作”， 或者意为“听到这个动作完成了”。如： I heard him go downstairs.我听见他下了楼。例题：1）我们经常听到这个女孩在她房间里唱歌。 2）我们听到隔壁有人在讲话。We someone in the next room.拓展大多数的感官动作(如see、watch、notice等)都可以用于这两种结构，二者的区别如hear。二、核心语法（一）不定冠词a/an的用法1）用于叙述时第一次提

25、到某人或某物前This is a book.这是一本书。2）泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。3）泛指某人或某物。A young man is waiting for you.有个年轻人在等你。4）用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。Five lessons a week 一周五节课5）用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。Therell be a strong wind in south China.华南地区将有一阵强风。6）用

26、于某些固定词组中。have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest= swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息；have a cold感冒；have a good time玩得高兴；in a hurry匆忙；for a while一会儿；keep a diary写日记；do sb. a favor帮助某人例：My family usually go for walk after dinner.A.a;/ B./;the C.a;a D.the;a 难点不定冠词a与an的简易区分1

27、)一般以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）开始的单词起始发音也为元音，这些单词的前面用an,如：an apple, an orange, an egg,an elephant,an ear,an eye,an umbrella,an hour，an old man, an ugly woman，an English book2)以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词，前面用a，如：useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等记忆方法：In a university, a European and a one-e

28、yed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。3)部分不以元音开头的单词，却是以元音为起始发音，则前面用an，如：hour, honest, honor等记忆方法：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. 一小时前，一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。4)在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有“a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”

29、,其余用a；巧记：mr.li has one fox例题：1)Some small shops in Britain usually close for hour at lunchtime.A.an,the B.a;不填 C.a;the D.an；不填2)Zhang Hua is Chinese girl and Millie is English girl.A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a3)A little boy writes “u” and “n” on the wall.A.a;an B.a;a C.an;an D.an;a（二）定冠词the的用法1用于双方都知

30、道的人或事物前 Give me the book,please.请给我那本书。2用于特指或上文已经提到过的人或事物前Do you know the girl in red？你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗？例子：1）Mary,whos woman over there? Shes my aunt, English teacher.A.the;the B.a;the C.the;an D.a;an2）Theres bridge over there. bridge is five hundred years old.A.the;A B.the;the C.a;A D.a;The3表示世界上独一无二的事

31、物The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转。4用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 the Nile 尼罗河the Yellow River 黄河5用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词前。I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。6用在某些固定词组中in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；in the day time/在白天；in the end最后；all the time一直；at t

32、he same time同时；by the way顺便说；in the open air在户外；at the age of在岁时；at the beginning of在开始时；on the other side of在的另一边；in the middle of在中间；at the moment立刻，马上 例子：（2014杭州）My cousin went abroad at age of eighteen.A.a B.an C.the D.不填（三）方位介词1）on,over和above的区别（以A和B的位置关系为例）on表示A在B的上面，且A和B的表面相接触。Theres a book o

33、n the desk.桌上有一本书。over表示A在B的上方，通常强调是在正上方，A和B的表面不接触； The sign over the door says ”Mind your head”.门正上方的标语说“小心你的头”。above表示A在B的上方，但不一定在正上方，A和B的表面不接触，而且强调A和B在空间上有一定的距离，如：There is a picture above the fireplace.在壁炉的上方有一幅画。Mary lives on the ninth floor.Amy lives three floors her,the twelfth floor.2）under和b

34、elow的区别under表示A在B的下方，通常强调在正下方，A和B的表面可以相接触，其反义词为over。Put the box under the bunk bed,please.请把那箱子放在双层床下面。You should write your name under your photo.你应该在你照片的下面写上你的名字。below表示A在B的下方，但不一定在正下方，其反义词为above。Write your name below the line.在线下写上你的名字。We are below the moon.我们在月亮下面。例：I live on the ninth floor.Jim

35、 lives on the fifth floor.I live four floors Jim.Jim lives four floors me.A.under;over B.over;under C.above;below D.below;above一、单项选择(每小题1分，共15分)( ) 1. Can you see boy standing at the gate of the school? Yes. He is classmate of mine.A. a: the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the( ) 2. Lets cross the bridge

36、 and go to side of the river to watch the birds there.A. one B. another C. other D. the other( ) 3. A good teacher doesnt always stand the classroom. He or she often walks around it. A. in front of B. in the front of C. next to D. next to( ) 4. Are there any birds at the zoo? Yes. I often go there b

37、ecause I like to hear the birds . A. to sing B. sing C. singing D. are singing( ) 5一Excuse me，can you ten me_to the zoo? 一Of course Ahow get Bhow to get Chow getting Dhow I getting( ) 6一Maths is too hard for me，Mum 一Honey，work hard_youll find it easy Abut Bor Cand Dso( ) 7Please dont stand near the

38、monkeysThey can be_sometimes Afriendly Blovely Cdangerous Dquiet( ) 8_me to read the_wordsAFollow；following BFollowing；follows CFollow；follows DFollowing；follow( ) 9We saw the dog jumping into the room_the window· Aacross Bthrough Ccross Dby( ) 10. Next to the school a road and cross the road s

39、ome fruit shops. A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. is; is( ) 11. Could you buy me today's Yangtze Evening News when you walk the newsstand(报亭)?A. along B. across C. past D. into( ) 12. My mother always me do lots of maths exercise at the weekend.A. tells B. makes C. asks D. wants( ) 13. There

40、 lots of traffic on this road at this time of day. A. are B. is C. has D. have( ) 14. There is an old bridge the river. Be careful when you it. A. over; across B. over; cross C. on; cross D. on; across( ) 15.I will meet you at 4:00 at the school gate. Dont be late. OK. . A. Youre welcome! B. It sounds interesting! C. Thats right! D. See you then!二、词汇(每小题1分，共20分)A. 根据句意及首字母、英文或汉语提示完成单词。1. Drive (径直)on, and you'll find the hospital on your left.2. Brenda will spend all day (准备)t