限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、非限制性定语从句的概念：非限制性定语是对被修饰名词或代词的附加说明，它不是必需的，如果去掉，也不会影响句子的意思，它与被修饰名词之间通常用逗号分开。女口： The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road.游客们知道发了大水，都改道走了。The boys, wan ti ng to play football, were disappo in ted whe n it rain ed.那些男孩子想踢足球，因为下雨感到失望。非限制性定语从句用法:1、弓I导非限定性定语从句时，只能用 which（不用that）。例如： Heat

2、 is ano ther form of en ergy, which is as importa nt as other kinds of en ergy.热是另一种形式的能量，与其他形式的能量一样重要。（从句表补充说明，而且关系代词which不能换成that。）2、 引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指前面整个句子的含义。 例如： That Peter will marry Alice, which has not bee n announ ced yet, has spread around.彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已传得沸沸扬扬。（句子中的which指

3、 彼特要娶爱丽斯”这整个句子的意思。）3、 除which夕卜，还可用 when , where , who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如： After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood andfour years of college life.毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。Albert Ei nste in left Germa ny for the Un ited States duri ng World WarII, whe n Jews

4、 were badly treated in Germa ny.第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国，那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。4、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，弓I导词可以省略，但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。如: He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。The America n jour nalist（whom/who） the anno

5、uncer men ti oned in the n ews broadcast is said to have bee n killed by the gan gsters.播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语。由于第二例是限定性定语从句，可以省略关系代词； 第一例中的引导词不能省略，因为它引导的是非限定性定语从句。5、表示正如”的含义时，通常用 as引导非限定性定语从句，也可用 which引导；但置于句 首时，只能用as引导。女口： China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, whi

6、ch/as we have expected.正如我们所预料的那样，中国已基本上战胜了非典”As is well known to everybody, Tai wan is an in separable part of China.众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。但是当非限定性定语从句是否定含义时，就只能用which(而不用as)引导。女口： He did n't win the champi on ship, which I had n't expected.他没获得冠军，这一点是我没预料到的。非限制性定语丛句中as, which的区别：1、 which弓I导非限制

7、性定语丛句代表前面的整个句子的时候，一般是对主句的结果的说明。女口：He grows too fast, which makes him taller tha n his classmates.2、as引导非限制性丛句代表前面整个句子时一般来讲丛句的谓语动词有三种：A. 含有be动词：如: He failed the exam, as is natural.B. 实意动词的被动形式：如: As is reported, the fire caused a great loss.C. 感官动词和意识类动词如：女口： see, hear, notice, know, learn, realize

8、等。As you kno w, I am a teacher.3、 as可翻译为正如，它引导的丛句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后；which引导的该 丛句只能位于主句之后。例 1:A he realized, I was very useful to him.例 2: This elephant is like a snake, A _qnybody can see.例 3: The sun gives us light and heat, _B _makes the plan tgrow well.A. As(as)B. whichC. thatD. who限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句

9、的区别:定语 从 句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1、不能省略，如果省略整个句子意思不完 整。可以省略，如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。2、可以用that引导。不可以用that弓1导。i3、关联词有时可以省略。关联词不可以省略。4、不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开。用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开。5、只能修饰先行词。可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一 部分。非限制性定语从句的关系词:关系代词指代对象指代人指代物主格whowhich, as宾格whomwhich, as所有格of, whom, whosewhich, of which, whose关系副词：when, where非限定性

10、定语从句的使用规则及注意事项:1、which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。2、 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which 或at which。其中，介词的选用，依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。例句： Attitudes towards day dreaming are changing in much the same waythat(i nwhich)attitudes towards ni ght dream ing have cha nged.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜

11、间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left.冈収子我们到的那天他们走了。3、as有时也可用作关系代词。4、 在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that442051 Tom won the game,was really beyond his wildest dream. 435726 The growing speed of a pla nt is in flue need by a nu mber of fa. 194316 They will fly to theShanghai World Expo, _they plan to .435360 Li Ning was abl