阅读理解-猜词义

1、阅读理解阅读理解-猜词义猜词义Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension 2014-04-15Ignore (忽略) them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 小试牛刀小试牛刀 （Discussion）例例1: “It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who an Italian restaurant.例例1: When men and

2、 women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to modern life? 例例2: We eat what we can；what we cant, we .He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous经营、管理经营、管理想象想象A把把装进罐头装进罐

3、头猜词题常见的设问方式猜词题常见的设问方式: 1.The word_could best be replaced by_. 2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_. 3.By_the writer means_. 4.In the _paragraph, the word_ means (refers to )_. 5.The underlined word_is closest in meaning to _.词义猜测法词义猜测法Word-Guessing方法方法1：定义，解释法定义，解释法(Definition

4、)通过定义通过定义,定语从句定语从句/同位语同位语/词或词组词或词组信息词信息词：is, was, mean, i.e., that is, thats to say, or, namely, in other words, to put it another way; refer to .1. A biography is the story of a persons life written by another.2. To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store.3. It will be very hard but al

5、so very brittle, that is, it will break easily.传记拒绝； 抵制易碎的 the story of a persons life refuse to shop it will break easily4. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.5. A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life. 6. Modern medicine began with the stethosc

6、ope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats.牧羊人素食主义者听诊器who looks after sheepa person who never eats meatmedical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats方法方法2：同义法同义法(Synonym) 近义词或者同义词往往出现在同一句或者同一近义词或者同义词往往出现在同一句或者

7、同一段落中，去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字段落中，去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚。意思更清楚。 1. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful. also harmful2. At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money th

8、ey needed from the bank. moneynor有害的钱，资金方法方法3：反义法反义法(Antonym)信息词：however, but, while, instead, unlike, rather than，on the other hand. 1. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time.2. His office is a drab place, but her new office is a bright, cheerful one.3. He had been ge

9、tting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.4. Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it.沉默不语沉默不语单调乏味，无生气单调乏味，无生气getting betterbright, cheerfultalking with others变坏，恶化变坏，恶化厌恶，憎恨厌恶，憎恨likingwhilebutbutRather than方法方法4:语境分析法语境分析法(context)根据综合语境进行推理

10、判断，从而理解生词和代词根据综合语境进行推理判断，从而理解生词和代词辞词义。辞词义。1. “My friend, II.”But something choked him, he could not finish the sentence.2. Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles northwest of Rio de Jaciro, designed by the great architect Lucio Costa.3. It was a blue Monday and he just didnt

11、 like going back to work. 哽咽，说不出话哽咽，说不出话郁闷的，沮丧的郁闷的，沮丧的建筑师建筑师4. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to b

12、e able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?Athe American East. Bthe American West.Cthe argument. Dthe alternative energy.D方法方法5：逻辑关系逻辑关系(Logical method)（对比，转折，因果，让步等）（对比，转折，因果，让步等）信息词信息词：but, however, yet, otherwise或though，because，

13、as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore, if, “unlike”, “in spite of ” , “on the contrary” , “ on the other hand ” 等1. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.2. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.3. John usually wastes a lot of mone

14、y on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.不同意不同意脏的脏的节俭的节俭的4. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.5. She wanted the hairdresser（美发师）to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.6. Anthropologist thought the Indians cultu

15、re would be very primitive; however, they found many modern elements in the Indians lives.7. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day准时的准时的修剪修剪原始的原始的巨大的巨大的方法：方法：根据举例根据举例(Examples)信息词信息词： such as, like, especially, for instance, for example等。Boys and gir

16、ls may learn about such virtues as selflessness, courage, discipline and love of ones country. But for the captains courage, perseverance, and powerful will, people on board would have died.美德美德毅力毅力1. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or

17、 English Learning. A.dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers 2. The doctor was on the night-shiftfrom midnight to 8 oclock. :方法方法7：标点标点(Punctuation)（冒号，破折号，括号）（冒号，破折号，括号）C夜班夜班方法方法8：构词法构词法(Word Formation) 英语中的构词法主要有三种：英语中的构词法主要有三种： 派生派生（Derivation） 转化转化（ Conversion） 合成合成（Compounding） 派

18、生（派生（Derivation） ： A.加前缀 (改变词义) ：dis-, in-, re-, un-, non- B.加后缀(改变词性)形容词：- able, -al, -less, -ful, -ive, 名词：-ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -er,动词：-is(z)e, -fy, -en, 1. Dont listen to his nonsense.2. Jason is a language specialist. 3. There are quite a few mistakes in your plan of the new building, so y

19、ou must have it redesigned as soon as possible.4. The city government has decided to have the main streets widened next year.方法方法8：构词法构词法(Word Formation)废话废话专家专家重新设计重新设计拓宽，使变宽拓宽，使变宽 转化（转化（Conversion）：）： 由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。 I was asked to minute the race. He was required to hand in his homewor

20、k on time. Would you please help me empty the dustbin? 合成（合成（Compounding） ： 两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。blackboard, man-made, home-made, house-hold oversee, overtake, overcoat, deskmate, classmate 方法方法8：构词法构词法(Word Formation)为为计时计时递交递交把把倒掉倒掉Summary 方法方法1：定义，解释法：定义，解释法(Definition) 方法方法2：同义法：同义法(Synonym) 方法方法3

21、：反义法：反义法(Antonym) 方法方法4: 语境分析法语境分析法(context) 方法方法5：逻辑关系：逻辑关系(Logical method) 方法：根据举例方法：根据举例(Examples) 方法方法7：标点标点(Punctuation) 方法方法8：构词法构词法(Word Formation)1. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate.A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic2. I wanted to stay in

22、New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A. deceive B. frighten C. talk out of it D. accompany3. Alberts success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence.A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning againBCC巩固练习巩固练习4. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that af

23、ter the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whippingB巩固练习巩固练习52. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking

24、 hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoners hand had almost reached them. A. hardly noticeable B. heavy-handedC. not capable of fast or immediate action D. a

25、matter of habitA巩固练习巩固练习6. Mrs. Morgans son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases.A. superior manner B. wastefulness or carelessness in

26、spending moneyC. showing too great concern for current fashionsD. insults to family or close friendsB巩固练习巩固练习直击高考直击高考 (2011年高考)Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recen

27、t research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two thirds of the homes interviewed re

28、ported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.31The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_Aearly BSweetly Cquickly DsmoothlyD (2012年高考)“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my

29、groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调)with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.27What does the underlined sentence in the Paragraph mean？AThe salesgirl is r

30、ude. BThe salesgirl is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.D (2012年高考)Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on dema

31、nd do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from 26 Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本)of 10,419 children born in the e

32、arly 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope thi

33、s research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.33The word copper-bottomed in the passage closest in meaning to _.Abasic BreliableCsurprising DinterestingB (2013年高考)Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes mov