水轮机课程设计说明

1、水轮机课程设计说明书姓名：学号：学院：水利水电学院 班级: 指导老师:目录一、水轮机选型及参数计算1. 已知参数 12. 水轮机型号选择 13. 水轮机基本参数计算 1二、水轮机运转特性曲线的绘制1. 等效率曲线的绘制 32. 等吸出高度线绘制 43. 出力限制线绘制 5三、蜗壳设计1. 蜗壳型式及基本参数的选择 62. 进口断面计算 63. 圆断面计算 74. 椭圆形断面计算 8四、尾水管设计1. 尾水管形式的选择 92. 尾水管高度的确定 93. 尾水管各部分尺寸的计算蜗壳平面图10蜗壳单线图11尾水管图12一、水轮机选型及参数计算1. 已知参数装机容量580.00MW ;装机台数4台；单

2、机容量145MW ;Hma)=84.5m ;Hmin=68.00m ; H=73.00m ;HL =71.2m水轮机安装高程580.00m2. 水轮机型号选择ns =2000-20= 2000-20=214.08J73(m kw)可以选择HL220型水轮机3. 水轮机基本参数计算(1)计算转轮直径D。水轮机额定出力:取最优单位转速n110况点单位流量，则Qt修正值3%0. 89PNg145000r G 0. 98147959 KW71.0r/min*!. 14 ( m3 /与出力限制线交点的单位流量为设计工s ),对应的模型效率 m89%暂取效率计工况原型水轮机效率0. 030. 92,水轮机

3、转轮直径D为D1P，9. 81Q1r H：5J.哼4.80m-9. 81 1. 14 731.50.92取标准值D| =5m该方案水头高于40m,故应使用金属蜗壳，则使用水轮机型号为HL220-LJ-500 (2)效率 的计算max1 - (1 -1 (10.91)5 0.460. 9440. 9440. 920. 0240. 890. 0240. 914(3)转速n的计算n71 竺D15119.82( r/min )转速计算值介于发电机同步转速115.4 至 125 (r/min )之间，但与 115.4 更接近，故取水轮机的转速n为115.4r/min(4)水轮机设计流量Q的计算Q1r D

4、? jHr1. 145273243. 5ni/s(5)几何吸出高度Hs的计算。在设计工况下，模型水轮机的空化系数为0.133,取0.02。Hs10- 900-()Hr10 - 580 - 0.13573-0.5m900则取吸出高度Hs-1m。(5)水轮机工作围的检验Q1rP9.81D2H3/29.8114795921 5 =1.05 (m/s)0. 92 52731.5最大、最小水头所对应的单位转速n 11 minnD,max115.4_5.84. 562. 76( r/min )n 11 maxnDHmin69. 97( r/min )平均水头对应的单位转速nilanD、Ha115.4568

5、.38(r/min )71.2在HL220 型水轮机模型综合特性曲线图上，分别绘出Qir105L/S ,niimin62.78 / min和论 69 97T / min为常数的直线，根据图可得，效率在高效率区附近。因此该方案可行。二、水轮机运转特性曲线的绘制1.等效率曲线的绘制原型水轮机效率M水轮机出力P9. 81 D'H1.5 Q1由附表9（ 12页）查出Q1并计算出P得到下表H=68mn=69.97r/mi nH=71.2mn=68.38r/mi nH=73mn=67.53r/mi nH=84.5mn=62.77r/mi n挙IPPSTPP0.820.8440.6373123.20

6、.6479588.250.6583916.60.68109331.20.840.8640.6779608.740.6886566.370.6991191.610.73120151.50.860.8840.7388745.70.7395082.740.7398711.370.78131352.90.880.9040.7896969.510.77102561.80.77106475.90.84144657.30.90.9240.86109280.50.85115722.40.85120138.70.951672200.90.9241.11141048.11.1149758.41.09154060.

7、20.951672200.880.9041.17145454.31.17155840.71.16160405.21.13194598.50.860.8841.22148314.71.22158905.41.22164969.71.17197029.30.840.8641.261497121.26160402.41.26166523.81.25205738.90.820.8441.3150889.11.31162907.21.31169124.21.29207407.7。钢00.100.87D儕02,00 斗UQ6,00 9.00 10.00 12.00 M,00 16.DO 18.00 20J

8、0 p2.等吸出高度线绘制Hs10 - 900)Hr由附表9 (12页)查出相关数据。根据各工况点的Hs、P,绘出各水头下的Hs=f (P)曲线PCT7/MK7丿 ri7H-84.5n=62.770.10.890.9140.8610.1449740.6-0.780.110.90.9240.9710.985 *70741.3-1.6250.120.880.9091.0311.8377378.4-2.470.130.885 ().9091.112.675190481-3.3150.140.872 ().8961.1513.5296291.2-4.16H=73n=67.530.10.894 ().9

9、180.848.76117954.40.60.110.920.9440.969.49138623-0.130.120.920.9441.0410.2250174.9-0.860.130.891 ().9151.1310.9558158.2-1.590.140.872 0).8961.1811.6861726.8-2.32H=68n-69.970.10.891 0).9150.838.16104441.11.20.110.920.9440.958.84123329.70.520.120.920.9441.049.52135013.6-0.160.130.895 0).9191.1310.2142

10、812.5-0.840.140.873 0).8971.1910.8846795.1-1.52e.ooo -2,QQ -4.006JO a.0010,00 12.(10 14,00 16.00 18.00 20.00 p3.出力限制线绘制求出与Hmin和Hr相对应的水轮机出力Pmin、R，将点（巴,P）、点（Pmin、Hmin、连成一条斜线，此线即为水轮机出力限制线。nQPH=730.9091.1616.13H=680.9141.14714.590807060(Hiiiui. Pmui)5.0010.0015.0020.00 p三、蜗壳设计1. 蜗壳型式及基本参数的选择本电站水头在40m以上，

11、故选用金属蜗壳，包角选为 345 °。取 55，查表得蜗壳流速系数K=0.87取 Da1.55，Db1. 33，计算得到 Ra3.325m, ra 3. 875m0.25，得 bo1. 25Dhbo，取 0.2，计算得 h=0.83m22. 进口断面计算进口断面流量360 Qr345360243. 5233. 35(m3 /s)进口断面流速v0 K , H0.87737.43（m/s）进口断面面积F 需 31.4 曲)进口断面半径F031.43. 14153. 16(m)查表得 D=7.75，K=0.157.75r020.154.03(m)进口断面中心距ao r02 h24. 030

12、. 8327. 30(m )进口断面外径Roa°07. 33. 1610.46(m)蜗壳系数Ca。345 480 7. 3、7. 323. 162蜗壳常数K竺3602243.548051. 677203.圆断面计算i丫 x 2h2air0xR iai分别取不同值计算于下表CrbcrfX7X"0aiRi ci3450.724.035.7930.692.2592532.9788.8693.097.0110.123300.694.035.5410.692.2028052.898.3543.016.929.92733150.664.035.2890.692.1448722.8017

13、.8462.926.839.75343000.634.035.0380.692.085332.717.3462.836.749.57552850.594.034.7860.692.0240372.6186.8532.756.659.39462700.564.034.5340.691.9608292.5236.3672.666.559.2172550.534.034.2820.691.8955142.4275.8892.566.469.02282400.54.034.030.691.8278682.3285.4192.476.368.82992250.474.033.7780.691.75761

14、92.2264.9572.386.268.632102100.444.033.5260.691.6844442.1224.5032.286.158.43111950.414.033.2740.691.6079412.0144.0572.186.048.223121800.384.033.0230.691.5276131.9033.622.085.938.008131650.344.032.7710.691.4428181.7873.1921.975.827.787141500.314.032.5190.691.3527191.6652.7731.865.77.556151350.284.032

15、.2670.691.2561751.5372.3641.755.577.315161200.254.032.0150.691.1515641.4021.9641.635.437.06171050.224.031.7630.691.0364481.2551.5761.55.296.7918900.194.031.5110.690.9068351.0941.1981.375.126.4984. 椭圆形断面计算当计算圆形断面半径VS时，蜗壳的圆形断面不能与座环蝶形边相切，须由圆断面过渡到椭面断面。圆断面计算中，当=90时， 1.37 mv s，即= 90时，蜗壳形状已经是椭圆形，即应按椭圆断面计算椭

16、圆短半径:2'1.045A0.81L21.345L与圆的同等面积：A2 2d ctgC ( :ctg2Ra1i / csindra &椭圆断面长半径iL2 -ctg ,h L sin0.831.013msin 55椭圆断面中心距a 尺 1.22巳椭圆断面外径R a计算结果如下表0 CPA0aR1900.18751.3535.96351.401471.294914.90486.30632750.15631.2164.85581.333221.06744.62725.96053600.1251.0683.7981.261460.82824.33545.59694450.09380.

17、9072.79441.185240.574144.02555.21075300.06250.7221.85141.103130.300423.69154.79466150.03130.4950.98011.01284-0.00053.32434.3372蜗壳图绘制于10、11页四、尾水管设计1. 尾水管形式的选择大中型反击式水轮机组如采用直锥型尾水管，会带来大量的挖深，考虑综合考虑经济性等因素，故本方案采用弯肘形尾水管。2. 尾水管高度的确定根据 h 2.6D1h 2.6 513m3. 尾水管各部分尺寸的计算查水电站机电设计手册表 2-17得hD1L DiBsDi6Dihi DihsDlLi dT1b K2.64.52.721.351.350.6751.821.22肘管类型：标准混凝土肘管适用围：混流式Di< D2D41. 35D11. 3556. 75m锥管段尺寸计算8D3D21.02