六种基本句型结构及练习

1、六大基本句型结构六大基本句型结构找一找由于这件事情，严肃的周老师骂罪魁祸首的我骂得狗血淋头。主干：主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）定语：严肃的，罪魁祸首的状语：由于这件事情补语：骂得狗血淋头口诀主谓宾定状补，句子成分要分清楚；句子主干主谓宾，枝叶部分定状补；定语用在主宾前，谓前为状谓后为补；还有助词的地得，帮助区分定状补。句型句型1 1：主系表结构：主系表结构：Subject (Subject (主语主语) ) Link. V( Link. V(系动词系动词) ) Predicate(Predicate(表语表语) )这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。系

2、动词包括系动词包括bebe动词、感官动词、表示变化和持续的动词动词、感官动词、表示变化和持续的动词等等 表语一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、动表语一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词等充当。名词等充当。句型句型2 2：主谓结构：主谓结构：Subject (Subject (主语主语) ) Verb ( Verb (谓谓语语) ) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, c

3、ome, die, disappear, cry, happencome, die, disappear, cry, happen等。等。1) Li Ming works very hard.1) Li Ming works very hard.2) The little girl cried even harder. 2) The little girl cried even harder. 3) The accident happened yesterday 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.afternoon.1. I like p

4、opular music.2. Smoking does harm to the health.3.The rich should help the poor.4. He enjoys reading.SVO句型句型3 3：主谓宾结构：主谓宾结构：Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Verb ( Verb (谓语谓语) ) Object ( Object (宾语宾语) )这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。充当。1) He took his ba

5、g and left.1) He took his bag and left.（名词）（名词） 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (difficulties. (代词代词) )3) She plans to travel in the coming May 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.Day.（不定式）（不定式）4) I dont know what I should do next. 4

6、) I dont know what I should do next. ( (从句从句) )句型句型4 4：主谓宾宾结构：主谓宾宾结构 Subject(Subject(主语主语) )Verb(Verb(谓语谓语) )Indirect Indirect object(object(间接宾语间接宾语) )Direct object (Direct object (直接宾语直接宾语) )这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示中不可或缺，常常由表示“物物”的名词来充当；的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对间接宾语也被称之为第二

7、宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人人”的名词或的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, sendbring, send等。等。此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指

8、动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。句型句型5 5：主谓宾宾补结构：主谓宾宾补结构：Subject(Subject(主语主语) )Verb (Verb (动词动词) )Object (Object (宾

9、语宾语) )Complement(Complement(补语补语) )这种句型中的这种句型中的“宾语宾语 补语补语”统称为统称为“复合宾语复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。1 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.You should keep the room clea

10、n and tidy.（形容词）（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(2) We made him our monitor.(名词名词) )3) His father told him not to play in the 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(street.(不定式不定式) ) 常见的动词有常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, : tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, al

11、lowwould like, order, force, allow等。等。 注意：动词注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watchnotice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带不带toto。1) The boss made him do the work all day.1) The boss made him do the work all day.2) I heard her sing in the next ro

12、om all the 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.time last night.2.宾语补足语宾语补足语 一些感官动词和使役动词一些感官动词和使役动词常用不带常用不带to的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补, 如：如：一个感觉两个听，（一个感觉两个听，（feel; listen to, hear），），三让四看一逃兵，三让四看一逃兵，(let, make, have; look at, see, watch, notice; get sb to do sth)，援，援军做了墙头草，军做了墙头草，(help

13、sb do/to do)（see/ hear也可也可+ sb./sth. doing）这些大家要记清这些大家要记清. 句型句型6 6：There be There be 句型：句型：There be + There be + 主语主语 + + 其它其它这一结构表示这一结构表示“某地有某物某地有某物”。主语。主语一般位于一般位于there be there be 之后。值得关注的是，之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：和最近的一个保持一致：1) There are two girls and a boy 1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.running on the playground.2) There is a boy and two girls 2) There is a boy and two girls running on the playground. running on the playground. 1.The boy is asleep .(_式