(高中英语2019版)阅读理解(现代科技)(含解析)(含答案)

1、（现代科技）李仕才美女回读【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。LampbrellaYou can ' t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designerMikhail Belvacv doesn ' t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That ，s why he creat

2、ed lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. "Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thoug

3、ht it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp. " he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. Ithas a built-in electric motor which can Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers p In addition to the rain sensor, there street

4、lamp which detects whether anyone of not being used the canopy is closed.open or close the umbrella on demand. edestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.s also a 360 0 motion sensor on the fiberglass 's using the lampbrella. After three minutesAccording to the designer, the lampbrella would

5、move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of

6、pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrellainto production,Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation couldbe installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或者记得带上雨伞。但设计

7、师Mikhail Belvacv 认为出门前忘记看天气预报不应该导致你淋湿。这就是他创造灯柱伞的原因，一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱。设计师说他在俄罗斯街头看到人们被雨水淋湿之后提出了这个想法。 “有一次，我在圣彼得堡中央街上开车，看到淋湿的人们躲到亮着的路灯下躲雨。我想在街灯上安装一盏伞蓬一定很合适。”他说。灯柱伞是一盏外形标准的街灯配有一个雨伞蓬。它内部有根据需要可自动开闭的电动马达。传感器保证了无论何时下雨可向行人提供遮蔽。除了下雨传感器，在玻璃纤维的街灯里也安装有可以检测是否有人需要灯柱伞的360 °运动传感器。如果有三分钟没有人用她就会自动关闭。据设计者称，灯柱伞会以相对低的速度移

8、动，因此不会对行人造成伤害。除此之外，它会接地以避免可能的雷击。每个路灯伞会为多位行人提供足够的遮蔽。它安装在离地面2 米高的地方，它唯一的不足是可能给高个子行人带来危险。尽管还没有把这种产品付诸生产的计划，Belyacv 最近把他的发明介绍给了墨西哥政府并且坚持这个发明将会安装在我的街道上，因为那儿人流量大却并不提供避雨的檐篷。重点单词 :1. canopy 'k?n? p? n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷2. pedestrian pi'destri ? n n. 行人；步行者3. fiberglass 'fa ? b ? ,gl?s n. 玻璃纤维；玻璃丝重点短语/ 亮点

9、句式：1. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn t think that forgetting to check the weatherforecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.但设计师Mikhail Belvacv 认为出门前忘记看天气预报不应该导致你淋湿。该句中 that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet 为宾语从句，其中 fo

10、rgetting to check the weather forecast beforeheading out 味宾语从句中的主语。result in 结果，导致。如：My English teacher doesn t know playing football is my hobby.我的英语老师不知道踢足球是我的爱好。A minimal error or deviation may result in wide divergence.失之毫厘，谬以千里。2. come up with追赶上；比得上；想出。如：I hope you can come up with a better pl

11、an than this.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。I had to run to come up with her.我不得不跑着去追她。3. light up照亮；点烟；开街灯或车灯；（使）变得喜悦。如:Drivers who forget to light up at night often cause accidents.晚上忘记开车灯的司机常常出车祸。He took his time lighting up a cigarette.他不慌不忙地点了一支烟。Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up.突然，我看到官员脸上露出

12、了得意的神色。4. on demand 要求。如：Passengers must show their tickets on demand.查票时乘客须出示车票。5. in addition to 除之外。如：In addition to French, he has to study Japanese.除了法语外，他还得学日语。名句背诵：Imagination is more important than knowledge. （Einstein）想象力比知识更为重要。（爱因斯坦）话麴解液【话题解读】“现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。科技

13、已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、 MP3、火箭、卫 星、宇宙飞船好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。点点 滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。“现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。【相关词汇】I.写作单词1. accquire v. 获得，得到2. advancev.进展；进步；n.进展；进步；前进f advanced adj.先进的，高级的3. advantagen .优点4. challengen. 挑战5. convenient adj .便禾的， 方便的f convenien

14、ce n.方便， 便禾6. debate n.& v. 争论7. explore vt.探索- exploration n.检测；探险8. expose vt. 揭露9. matter vi.有关系；要紧10. predict v.预言；预先；预报f prediction n.预测，预告- predictor n.预言家11. disturb vt. 打扰；扰乱；使心神不宁12. provide vt. 提供13. replace v. 取代14. support vt.& n.支持，赞助f supporter n.支持者；拥护者H .阅读识记单词15. cover vt. 采

15、访；报道；遮掩；盖上16. breakthrough n .重大进展，突破17. broadcast n . 广播节目；vt. 广播18. connect vt. 连接，把, 联系起来19. convenience n .方便20. download v. 下载21. experiment n. 实验22. feature n. 特写；花絮23. globe n . 地球仪；地球24. hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的25.instant adj. 立即的；即时的26.1 ntelligent adj.智能的fintelligence n.智力；理解力27.mobile adj.

16、移动的28.process n.& vt. 过程；加工，处理29.spread v .传播；蔓延；流传30.scientific adj. 科学的f science n.科学 scientist n.科学家31.signal n. 信号32 .update vt. 更新；使现代化33 .system n . 系统；体系34.technology n . 技术35.worldwide adj. 遍及全球的，世界范围的III.高频短语1. catch on 了解；理解；流行2. come out 出版；发行；结果是3. have access to 使用；接通；可以利用4. have an

17、 effect on/upon 对有影响5. keep in touch with 与保持联系6. keep pace with 跟上7. land on the moon 登月8. log in/on 登录；进入9. shut down/off 关掉10. with the development of 随着的发展鼠昨番可I .阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A （2017年新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight

18、, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle named the Transition - has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 mi

19、les per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely ri

20、se after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don' t expect itto show up in too many driveways. It ' s expected to cost $279,000.And it won ' t help if you ' re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been t

21、rying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permittedthecompany to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly

22、. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration' s decisionfive years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots

23、of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flyi

24、ng cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.2. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.3. What is the government s attitude to the

25、 development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition s First FlightC. Pilots Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to RealityBHollywood s theory that machines with evil（ 邪恶 ） minds will

26、drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence（AI） may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics （控制论）, put

27、 it this way: “ If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanicalagency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere（干预 ）, we had better bequite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we

28、 usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a

29、robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intell

30、igent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.zx.x.kThe possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them

31、to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI

32、seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams yet

33、that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off “ as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11, 1933, famousphysicist Ernest Rutherf

34、ord stated, withconfidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine. " However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced（ 中子诱导）nuclear chain reaction.1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intellige

35、nce may.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human ' s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve

36、their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmed

37、D. avoid robots ' affecting the world4. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.CWhether in th

38、e home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal h

39、ousework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized

40、 assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to performdifferent tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it respondsbased on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family mem

41、ber to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the

42、 market. The company s"Oshbot" robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is

43、 shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. "We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us," said Breaze

44、al.1 .How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can control their emotions.B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework.D. They respond to users more slowly.2 .What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. Communicate with you and perform operations.B. Answ

45、er your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.3 .What can Oshbot work as?A.A language teacher.B.A tour guide.D.A private nurse.C.A shop assistant.4 .We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will.A. tr

46、ain employeesB.be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workersDA new study from the Georgia Institute of Technology finds that older and younger people have a varying preference for what they would want a personal robot to look like. And they change their minds based on what the

47、robot is supposed to do.Participants wereshowna series ofphotos,eitherrobotic, humanor mixedhuman-robot faces, and were asked to select the one that they would prefer for their robot ' s appearance. Mostcollege-agedadultsin thestudy preferreda roboticappearance, although the others were also gen

48、erally open to them. However, nearly 60 percent of older adults said they would want a robot with a human face, and only 6 percent of them chose one with a mixed human-robot appearance."We found that participants, both younger and older, will assign emotional traits to a robot based on its face

49、, which will determinewhat they are most comfortablyinteracting with," Akanksha Prakash, a psychologygraduate student at Georgia Techwho led the study, said in a statement. So when participants were told the robot was helping with personal care, chores, social interaction or helping to make dec

50、isions, something interesting happened.Preference was less strong for helping with chores, although the majority of older and younger participants chose a robot with a robotic face. But for decision-making tasks, such as getting advice on where to invest money, younger participants tended to select

51、a mixed human-robot appearance. A robotic face was their least favored choice for this task. Older adults generally preferred a human face.Personal care tasks such as bathing caused the most divisive preferences within both age groups. Those who chose a humanface didso because theyassociatedthe robo

52、t with human-like carecapabilities suchas nursing andtrustworthytraits. Many others didn ' t wantanything looking like a human to bathe them due to the private nature of the task.Based on this early research, the researcher says that if a robot is designed to help only with a specific task, its

53、appearance should fit in with the task. For instance, if the robot is designed to specifically assist the user with critical decisions, the robot should be given an intelligent look instead of a funny one. However,if the robot is tasked with avariety of jobs in the home, allowing for appearance cust

54、omizability（可定制性）might bethe best option.The researcher next plans to expand the study to other age groups and people with more diverse educational backgrounds.1 .What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. college-aged adultsB. all participantsC. older adultsD. younger

55、 participants2 .What happened when participants were offered robots handling different tasks?A. They tended to choose one with a human face.B. They didn ' t care about robotic appearance any more.C. They were into one with decision-making skills most.D. Their preference for robotic appearance ch

56、anged accordingly.3 .Which robots lead to the biggest gap in people ' s preference for robotic appearance?A. Those with personal care skills.B. Those with decision-making skills.C. Those with housekeeping skills.D. Those with social interaction skills.4 .What ' s the best title of the passag

57、e?A. Deciding what robots suit you best contains many tricksB. Determining what robots should look like varies with ageC. How robots with a human face benefit people?D. Why people have a preference for robots?A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车，试飞成功，预 计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。1-A解析】段落大意题

58、。根据 The chicle-named the Transition - has seats wheels and uingm that fold up so it can be driven Itke a car. The Transnton; which fevv at 1,400 fit for 之逗hi minutes ：asi month, can reach around "0 milts per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 二三珠".oil tank of and bunii 5 gabions per hour in the aor. On the ground, n gets 3Mm深 3per可知选2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 “ But don ' t expect it to show up in too many driveways