八年级英语暑假专题_如何做好英语完形填空题_译林版_知识精讲

1、八年级英语暑假专题如何做好英语完形填空题译林版本讲教育信息】.教学内容：8B暑假专题如何做好英语完形填空题.教学目标：如何做好英语完形填空题完形填空是英语考试的必考题目，它全面检测学生词汇、句型、语法、惯用语及语感等各方面的综合运用，但是学生往往在这一题型上拉大分数差距。如何解这一种题型呢？语法和词汇在英语学习中好比砖瓦在建造房屋中的作用,是基础性的.没有这样的基础听说读写都是空谈.完形填空中直接或间接地考查语法词汇知识的题目占了大部分.所以掌握足够的词汇和基本语法知识是做好完形填空题的保证.完形填空所选短文一般无标题,文章的第一句话往往是引领全文的主题句,或者引出主题思想的相关内容,是了解文

2、章全貌的“窗口”.如果第一段第一句话很容易看懂,看完第一句话便可以迅速往下看.要是第一句话费解,不容易看懂,那么不妨看其他段落的首句,以及最后一句,以便能对全文做出大致的推测,心中有一个做题的方向.然后,迅速浏览全篇,不为空白处纠缠,捕捉文章的中心.这期间,需要根据上下文,有时还要参照各选项所提供的信息进行理解.如果是故事性文章,时间,地点,人物就是关键词抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索,就能理解全文.若是论述文,主题句、拓展句的识别十分重要,其中表达前后逻辑关系的连接性的词是理解全篇的重要线索.由于短文中抽空达到10个,失去信息较多,如果考生浏览后不清楚其主题脉络,也不必为此过多担心,至少浏览

3、一遍后有了一个初步印象,为后面做题和逐步理解创造了条件.相当多的题目无需联系全篇就能解决,过多联系上下文反而耽误时间.所以考生不必因为没弄清文章整体大意而惴惴不安语义逻辑题还是词汇语法题都是有帮助的不是阅读理解题.完形填空题是中考英语的重要题型，,影响做题.当然,事先了解文章大意不论是对做,但前提是不能在理解上花费太多的时间,毕竟这为了正确地做好完形填空题，我们不妨分析一下完形填空题的题型特点，以便采取相应的解题技巧。完形填空题的特点之一是题干是一篇短文，个空白的四个待选答案。语法和用词等方面的要求，题干短文的第一或第一、是题干是一篇短文,短文中设有若干空白，题干下面留有针对每其中只有一个答案

4、填入空白后，不但使该句的句义明白通顺，符合而且能把上下文连起来，使全文大意完整通顺。它的特点之二是二句为题干的引导句，通常不设空白，以便通过这一两个完整的引导句把短文中故事发生的时间(?when)?，?地点(place)，人物(who)和背景(what)等交待清楚，作为学生应在理解并掌握全文大意的基础上解题。它的特点之三是完形填空选择题与英语知识部分的单项选择题有相同之处，也有不同之处。虽然它们的测试点都是以词汇和语法知识为内容，但单项选择填空的题干或是单句，或是相互连贯的句子，或是两句对话，它是孤立进行的，上一题的题干句和下一题的题干句，无论在句义和结构方面都不存在任何连贯的关系，是单一性的

5、测试。而完形填空题的题干是一篇短文，对知识的测试是文章的句子相结合进行的，同时也测试学生的阅读、分析理解的能力以及综合运用知识的能力，是综合性的测试。针对完形填空的特点，我们宜采取以下的解题步骤：一、通读全文，掌握文章的主旨大意。由于完形填空的题干是一篇短文，是上下连贯的一个语言整体，所以解题时就必须通读全文，了解文章的主旨大意，初步弄清文章所涉及到的何人、何事，何时，何地，原因等。了解文章大意，从字里行间捕捉信息，弄清全文中故事情节的开始、发展和结果，目的是选出符合大意，上下前后能互相呼应的最佳答案。二、顺藤摸瓜，找准选项。有些题目，所给的选项从语法、词汇搭配上均无差错，此时不要急于选，而应

6、从全文中发现隐含条件。这些条件往往处于不太醒目的位置，需要答题者注意搜索。三、巧用假设，辨别真伪。有些同学在答题时往往会遇到这样的情况：各个选项之间存在着对立现象，由于平时对有关知识点掌握不够牢固，容易混淆。这时，不妨采用假设法，问题往往会迎刃而解。四、逆向思维，减少误差。有的题目做错可能是由于粗心大意、考虑不周所致。为防止这一点，不妨先不看题，而是从选项着手，采用对比法分析出题的本意，然后再结合题目，找准答案。从上面的分析可以看出，要选出本篇文章的完形填空选择题的最佳答案，不仅需要有扎实的英语基础语法知识，词汇的运用能力，阅读、分析理解的能力以及综合运用英语知识的能力，同时还需要具备语言之外

7、的常识。所以完形填空是综合性的测试，要综合全面分析，才能选择最佳答案。全面检查审定答案。选好答案后，要将全文逐句结合所选答案仔细阅读一篇，从语法、用词等方面检查所选答案是否正确，还要检查有没有一些答案在本句内虽然正确，但与全文的意思相悖、不合理或是句义前后矛盾等现象，凡此都应加以改正。【典型例题】例1JimandKatewant(1)aheavybasket(2)theirgarden.Itis(3)heavy,theycan'tcarryit.It's(4)of(5).Theirmotherandfather(6)intheroom.SoKateasks."Dadc

8、ouldyouhelp(7),please?”erhathersays:"Certainlydear.Let(8)helpyou."Buttheycareful,thebasketis(10).Thepotatoesgohereandthere.Theymustfindandgetthem.()1.A.totakeB.tocarryC.getD.look()2.A.inB.toC.atD.under()3.A.veryB.tooC.notD.alittle()4.A.fullB.fillC.bottleD.empty()5.A.potatosB.potatoC.potato

9、esD.meats()6.A.aren'tB.isC.can'tD.are()7.A.usB.meC.herD.him()8.A.IB.youC.herD.me()9.A.aren'tB.areC.can'tD.don'()10.A.breakB.brokenC.emptyD.full【答案】1. Bwanttodo,carry多指搬运重物2. Bto表示目的3. Avery很，非常4. Abefullof充满5. Cpotato的复数加es6. D根据句意7. A同上8. D9. A10. B例2Afatandhappyoldmangivesprese

10、ntstokidsonChristmasEve(thenightbeforeChristmas).Whoishe?Yes,heisFatherChristmas.HeisalsocalledSantaClaus.Doyouknow1?Andwhyishealways2red?Itissaidthattherewasaman3SaintNicholasinTurkey.Hecamefroma4family,buthefelt5forpoorpeopleanddecidedtogivethemallhismoney.Buthewas6anddidnwtantpeopletoknowhegaveth

11、emmoney.SoonChristmasEve,heclimbedontotheirroofs,and7bagsofmoneydowntheirchimneys.Andhealways8redclotheswhenhedidthis.LaterpeoplebuiltachurchforNicholasinItaly,andtookhis9todifferentcountries.Hewasgiven10namesaroundtheworld.PeoplecalledhimSaintNicholasinBelgium,SantaClausinCanadaandtheUS,andFatherCh

12、ristmasinBritain.()1.a.howb.whatc.whyd.where()2.a.inb.atc.ond.for()3.a.callb.callingc.callsd.called()4.a.richb.poorc.happyd.good()5.a.happyb.sorry（难过的）c.angryd.bad()6.a.shyb.frightenedc.worriedd.happy()7.a.showedb.droppedc.felld.brought()8.a.putonb.inc.dressedd.wore()9.

13、()10.a.differentb.thesamec.anotherd.many【答案】1. c.why2. a.in3. d.called4. a.rich5. b.sorry(难过的)6. a.shy7. b.dropped8. d.wore9. c.story10. d.many例3Youllseeanew_1_atahospitlanearLondonifyougothere.Heisveryclever,_2_heneverspeaks.Hecanwork24hoursadayandnevergets_3_.Heisonemetretallandhasaface_4_aTVscree

14、n.HeisDr.Robot.Doctorsoftenneedtoasktheirpatientsalotofquestions._5_doctorscanonlyspendafewminuteswithsuchpatient.ButDr.Robot,canaskapatientquestionsforanhourifitis6.7thehelpofDr.Robot,ahumandoctorcan_8_alotofusefulinformation(信息)whenhemeetshispatient.HowcanDr.Robotdothis?Athingspeoplecando,thoughhe

15、cancomputer“tellhimwhattodo.Dr.Robotcandoalotof'tcompletely_9_theplaceof_10_doctors.()1.A.sickpersonB.nurseB.ifC.chemistD.doctorD.because)2.A.soC.but()3.A.tiredB.offC.upD.wounded()4.A.likeB.onC.asD.in()5.A.KindB.BusyC.FreeD.Tall()6.A.lateB.impossibleC.necessaryD.interesting()7.A.WithB.ForC.Behin

16、dD.Under()8.A.spendB.haveC.sendD.speak()9.A.bringB.giveC.takeD.lead()10.A.robotB.computerC.womenD.human【答案】DCAABCABCD例4Averynew,youngofficerwasatarailwaystation.Hewasonhiswaytovisithismotherin1_town.Hewantedtotelephonehertotellherthetimeofhistrain,2shecouldmeethimatthe3in_hercar.Helookedatallhispock

17、ets,but4上hathedidnothavetherightmoneyforthetelephone,sohewentonandlooked5_forsomeonetohelphim.Atlastanoldsoldiercameby,andtheyoungofficerstoppedhimandsaid,“Canyouncbneyeyme?'“Waitamoment,"thes(7cjiendhebegantoputhishandinhis8_"I'llseewhetiheranhelpyou.”"Don'tyouknowhowtosp

18、eaktoanofficer?”theyoungofficersaidangrily_9Nowleagain,Canyouchangethemoneyforme?“No,sir,"theoldsoldieranswered1.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.one2.A.soB.sothatC.becauseD.when3.A.placeB.stationC.streetD.stop4.A.knewB.thoughtC.foundD.foundout5.A.upB.downC.aroundD.into6.A.toB.withC.forD.and7.A.answ

19、eredB.spokeC.toldD.smiled8.A.coatB.handbagC.walletD.pocket9.A.startB.tobeginC.doingD.ask10.A.easilyB.fastC.happilyD.quickly【答案】CBBCCCADAD【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）(1)DearDrKnow,Imnothappy.Ihavetoo_1_rulesinmyfamily.Ihaveto_2_at6:00everymorning.Icant_3_myfriendsafterschool_4_Ihaveto_5_mydogforawalk.Icantwatch

20、schoolnights.AndIhaveto_6_inbedbytenoclock._7_weekends,Ihavetocleanmyroomandwashmyclothes.ThenIhavetohelpmymother_8_dinner.LaterIhavetogototheChildrensPalace_9_thepiano.Ineverhaveanyfun._10_canIdo?()1.A.manyB.muchC.afew()2.A.gotobedB.getupC.gohome()3.A.watchB.lookC.meet()4.A.soB.thenC.because()5.A.b

21、ringB.takeC.carry()6.A.beB.isC.am()7.A.InB.OnC.At()8.A.makeB.makingC.do()9.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning()10.A.WhyB.WhatC.How(2)OncetherewasaboyinToronto.HisnamewasJimmy.Hestarteddrawingwhenhewasthreeyearsold,andwhenhewasfivehewasalreadyvery_1_atit.Hedrewmanybeautifulinterestingpictures,andmanypeople_2

22、_hispictures.Theythoughtthisboywasgoingtobe_3_whenhewasalittleolder,andthentheyweregoingto_4_thesepicturesforalotofmoney.Jimmyspictureswerequitedifferentfromother_5_becauseheneverdrewonallofthepaper.Hedrewon_6_ofit,andtheotherhalfwasalways_7_.“Thatsveryclever,”everybodysaid.“_8_otherpeoplehaveeverdo

23、nethatbefore.Onedaysomebodyaskedhim,“Pleasetellme,Jimmy.Whydoyoudrawonthebottom(部)halfofyourpictures,_9_notonthetophalf?”“BecauseI1.A.poormsmall,”B.sadJimmysaid,“andmC.glady)bcraunshes(t_10_D.good_veryhigh2.A.boughtB.broughtC.soldD.took3.A.differentB.cleverC.famousD.rich4.A.buyB.showC.leaveD.sell5.A

24、.mensB.peoplesC.boysD.childs6.A.halfB.partC.sideD.end7.A.fullB.emptyC.wrongD.ready8.A.NoB.SomeC.AnyD.Many9.A.thenB.andC.butD.or10.A.changeB.turnC.pullD.reach(3)“Jane,pleaseletmeborrowadollar,”Jennyaskedastheystoodintheschoollunch.oneinmyjacket,butIdontwantto_1_andlosemyplace.”“OK,”agreedJane.Janewai

25、tedalldayforJennyto_2_backthedollarsheborrowed,butJennyseemedtobe_3_.“Shesjustforgotten,”thoughtJane.“Idontwantto_4_herangry.moneydidntgofar.Someclassmates,likeJenny,weregettingfivedollarsaweek.Weekswentby.AtlastJanegotupenoughcouragetotellheraboutthe_5_.“Oh,Jane,Iforgot!”Jennysaid,“Ill_6_thedollart

26、omorrow.”ThenextdayJennyseemedtohaveforgottenagain.DuringthenoonhourJanesawher_7_sweetsforMaryandAnn.JennysawJanelookingather._8_shesaidsomethinginalowvoicetotheothertwogirls.Janefelt_9_andaskedherteacherifshecouldgobacktotheclassroom.Intheclassroom,JanesawtwonewpencilsinJenny10_csamdeestko.An_her.“

27、Jennysnotkindlately,andanyway,shereallyowesme.Adollardoesntmeananythher,butitmeansalottome.”1.A.stayB.waitC.leaveD.take2.A.returnB.lendC.showD.pay3.A.busyB.happyC.freeD.sad4.A.letB.makeC.keepD.find5.A.moneyB.lunchC.placeD.classmate6.A.rememberB.bringC.giveD.pass7.A.borrowingB.makingC.sellingD.buying

28、8.A.EvenB.AgainC.ThenD.Instead9.A.aloneB.sadC.hungryD.lucky10.A.endB.answerC.ideaD.excuse(4)Mondayisthebeginningoftheweek;itisthedaymostAmericanslikeworst.Thedaythey_1_mostisSaturday.Saturdayisthe_2_oftheworkweek;itisthebeginningoftheweekend.Lifeis_3_ontheweekend;mostAmericans_4_careoftheirhouses,ca

29、rsandgardens.Theysleep_5_inthemorning.Theyenjoythefeelingthatthetime_6_tomovemoreslowly.Theworkweekisforthingsyou_7_todo;theweekendisforthingsyou_8_todo.Somepeoplemaygetinacarfora_9_inthecountry.Theyliketotakepartinasportsactivityoutofdoors.AndonSaturdaynighttheymightgotopubliceating_10_orafilm.1.A.

30、likeB.dislikeC.spendD.leave2.A.middleB.beginningC.endD.day3.A.worseB.difficultC.betterD.different4.A.makeB.takeC.lookD.pick5.A.earlierB.laterC.fasterD.shorter6.A.decidesB.wantsC.spendsD.seems7.A.enjoyB.hateC.haveD.find8.A.likeB.startC.getD.check9.A.driveB.walkC.fishingD.washing10.A.placeB.houseC.roo

31、mD.apartment(5)overtheirfacesIntheolddays,inLondon,thesmogwasverythick.Carandbusdrivers_1_todriveveryslowly.They_2_sawtheroadinfrontofthemevenduringthedaytime.Peopledidnotlikegoingoutinthesmog._3_theyhadtogoout,theywore“smogmask”InDecember1952,avery_4_darkcloudcamedownoverLondon.Itwasthe_5_smogLondo

32、nershadeverhad._6_ofitwasbadfactorysmoke.Nearlyfiftypeoplediedinroadaccidents.Butmanymorepeoplebecameunhealthy.Thesmogwasvery_7_foroldpeopleandchildren.Onemansaid,“tsTwheerestarelmeost_8_becausepeoplestayedathomeasmuchaspossible.Theairwasverythick,andyoucouldalmostcutitwithaknife.Afterthreeweeks,thesmogbeganto_9_.Butinthefollowingweeksandmonthsover4000people