五种简单句与七种句子成分

1、关于五种简单句与七种句子成分现在学习的是第1页，共15页一、学习目标 1. 英语10大词类及其在句子中的作用。 2. 简单句的5种架构及7种句子成分。现在学习的是第2页，共15页（一）英语中的10大词类及作用 英语中只有三种句子！ 英语的句子就三种： 简单句、并列句和复合句 学习简单句，首先要知道词类，因为简单句是有一个一个的单词构成的。 你知道英语的句子中包含多少词类吗？现在学习的是第3页，共15页1. 英语有多少词类 英语共有10大词类，它们分别是： 1. 名词名词（noun, 缩写为n.）如：book, water 2. 代词代词（pronoun, 缩写为pron.）如：I, us, o

2、urs, who. 3. 动词动词（verb, 缩写为v.）如：come, write, bring 4. 形容词形容词（adjective, 缩写为a.或adj.）如：clear 5. 副词副词（adverb, 缩写为ad.或adv.）如：here, today 6. 数词数词（numeral, 缩写为num.）如: four, fourth 7. 介词介词（preposition, 缩写为prep.）如：on, over 8. 连词连词（conjunction, 缩写为conj.）如：and, or, as 9. 冠词冠词（article, 缩写为art.）如：a, an, the 10.

3、 感叹词感叹词（interjection, 缩写为int.）如: oh, ouch 以上1-6为实词（national word），因为它们有实际意义；7-10为虚词（form word）,也就是说，它们没有实际意义。现在学习的是第4页，共15页 除以上10大词类外，还有三张由短语构成的词类： 1. 短语动词（phrasal verb）: 如：get up, call on, take care of, get in touch 2. 短语介词（phrasal preposition）: 如：because of, in front of, instead of 3. 短语连词（phrasal

4、 conjunction）： 如：as if， even if, what if, as long as现在学习的是第5页，共15页考考你？ 这些缩写的符号代表什么词类？ 1. num. 2. adv. 3. pron. 4. prep. 5. art. 6. adj. 7. n. 8. int. 9. v. 10. conj.现在学习的是第6页，共15页词类在句子中的主要功能例句名词主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语The paper factory lies in our city.代词主语、定语、宾语、宾语All of our teachers love us.动词谓语、宾补The teach

5、er let us do it again.形容词定语、状语、表语、补语This pretty girl thinks it right.副词状语、定语（少数表方位的词）The workers here work very hard.数词主语、定语、宾语、表语Three of them are eighteen now.介词介词+宾语，在句中做状语或定语The girl of ten came here by bike.连词连接两个以上的简单句He was reading when I came in.冠词主要修饰名词或少数形容词A young man often helps the poor

6、.感叹词表示喜怒哀乐，在句中加强语气Heavens! How silly you are!2. 英语10大词类功能一览表现在学习的是第7页，共15页试试看：错在哪里？ 1. Everybody likes beautiful. 1. Everybody likes beauty. 2. Help the poor is our duty. 2. Helping the poor is our duty. 3. My friend Tom did very good in this exam. 3. My friend Tom did very well in this exam.现在学习的是第

7、8页，共15页3. 词类学习中的“四个必知” 1) 名词和代词各有三个“格” 主格，宾格，所有格 1. My mother likes my sister and I very much. My mother likes my sister and me very much 2. This car isnt my. My car is over there. This car isnt mine. My car is over there.现在学习的是第9页，共15页2）动词有四类，少数可兼用实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词），系动词，助动词，情态动词 Tom works in this fac

8、tory, and works a new machine. My uncle runs a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning. These flowers smell good and we often smell them. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. Her mother stays young and stays at

9、home every day. Do you often do your homework at home?1. Our manager hasnt come because she has a few guests to receive.现在学习的是第10页，共15页2）动词有四类，少数可兼用实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词），系动词，助动词，情态动词 Tom works in this factory, and works a new machine. My uncle run a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning.

10、These flowers smell good and we often smell them. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. Her mother stays young and stays at home every day. Do you often do your homework at home?1. Our manager hasnt come because she has a few

11、guests to receive.现在学习的是第11页，共15页3）介词之后要接宾语及物动词接宾语，不及物动词加上相应的介词后也可接宾语 My uncle lives Beijing. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find.1. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find it.现在学习的是第12页，共15页4）连接句子的是连词，不是介词和副词连词才能连接句子，副词和介词则不能 He has saved a lot of money in order

12、he can use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money in order that he can use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money in order to use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money so as to use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money so that he can use it in the future.现在学习的是第13页，共15页

13、考考你？ 1. My uncle lives Beijing. 1. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find it. 3. Theres a new car in front of his sister and he. 3. Theres a new car in front of his sister and him. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as good as we. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as well as we. 5. He didnt come here because of he was ill. 5. He didnt come here because he was ill. 6.