Grammar_过去分词作定语、表语、状语

1、 Unit 3Inventors and inventionsGrammar动词动词-ed形式作形式作定语定语动词动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语动词动词-ed形式作宾语形式作宾语补足语补足语 过去分词作定语，表示与被修饰的词在逻过去分词作定语，表示与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在辑上存在被动关系被动关系或动作的或动作的完成完成或或兼而有之兼而有之。如：如： spoken English (英语口语英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)； cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条炸土豆条);一、动词一、动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 注意：注意：不及物动

2、词不及物动词的过去分词常表示的过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。意义。如如: boiled water(开水开水);fallen leaves(落叶落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太阳)等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 1)前置定语前置定语 单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式,一般放在被修饰一般放

3、在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光虚度的时光, 无法挽回。无法挽回。 (=time which is lost) 2)后置定语后置定语 少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作作后置后置定语。定语。 1. Everything used should be marked

4、 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the people invited were some ladies被邀请的人中被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有

5、什么活动吗? (=That has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 高考题高考题1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had b

6、een invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B.to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first

7、 played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春）年全国春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. t

8、iring, boring 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等，相当于意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等，相当于形容词，常译作形容词，常译作“感到感到.的的”。如：。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea

9、 听到这个想法听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。他似乎很高兴。 二、动词二、动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的有经验的); delighted(高兴的高兴的)； lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的疲劳的

10、) pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)； surprised(吃惊的吃惊的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) ; seated(已就座的已就座的); hidden(隐藏的隐藏的)常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:united(团结的）团结的） limited（有限的）（有限的）skilled（熟练的）（熟练的） dressed(穿着穿着.的）的）included（被包含在内的）（被包含在内的）located（位于（位于.exposed（无遮蔽的）（无遮蔽的） designed(故意的）故意的）depressed（意

11、志消沉的，不景气的）（意志消沉的，不景气的）determined(坚决的，坚定的坚决的，坚定的)developed(发达的）发达的） devoted（忠诚的）（忠诚的）pressed（紧迫的）（紧迫的） distinguished(杰出的）杰出的）upset(心烦的）心烦的） confused（困惑的）（困惑的） 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等等所修饰。所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。他十分

12、厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed高考题高考题3) The pilot as

13、ked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、动词三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有时候两者有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系逻辑上的动

14、宾关系, ,即宾语是过去分词动作的即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。其结构为：主对象。其结构为：主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补。宾补。常见的可接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：常见的可接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语主语补足语) 1)1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词或词组如：表示感觉和心理状态的动词

15、或词组如：see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, listen to , observe, think 等。等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。He found his hometown greatlychanged.我发现他的家乡变化很大。我发现他的家乡变化很大。 2) 表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词。如：意义的动词。如：make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一

16、次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。 I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。 (请人请人)把某事做完把某事做完 She had her hous

17、e repaired 她她请人请人把屋子把屋子修好了修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿你在哪儿理理的发的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与) I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都我把所有的拼写错误都改正了改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年他今年已存了已存了1000元。元。 遭遇某种意外情况遭遇某种意外情况 He

18、had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包昨天她的钱包被偷了被偷了。 3) 表示表示“希望希望”“”“要求要求”意义的动词。如：意义的动词。如：like，want, wish, expect, order 等。等。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wi

19、sh the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 4) 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一结构中这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。双手被反绑在后面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building,

20、 his house looks like a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。花园。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. (MET89) A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed课堂高考小试：课堂高考小试：2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the riv

21、er. (NMET94) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong agai

22、n. (上海上海1999) A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repairedExercises 1. Is this the bike which you wish to have _? A. repaired it B. repairing C. repair D. repaired.单项选择：单项选择： 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司 ), _ as 3M. A. knowing B.

23、known C. being known D. to be known 3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 5. Laws

24、 that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 6. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 7. She was g

25、lad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking8. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 9. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. t

26、o be known D. known 10. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 11. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 12. The disc

27、, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 13. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 14. _ time, hell make a

28、 first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 15. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 16. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C

29、. Founded D. Founding.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：选择恰当的非谓语动词填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5.