“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解讲课稿

1、精品文档新希望英语语法精讲It ”作形式主语和形式宾语精品文档It ”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It 作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空， it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it 在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。一、 It 用作形式主语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用 it 作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时 it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.

2、（说谎是错误的。） It 为 to tell a lie 的形式主语It is no use arguing about it. （争吵是没用的。 ） It 为 arguing about it 的形式主语It is uncertain who will come. （ 谁要来还不确定。 ） It 为 who will come 的形式主语It 作形式主语的常见句型： It + be + 形容词 + to do sth./ doing /that .e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.（学一门外语非常重要。）It is u

3、seless crying over the spilt milk. （覆水难收。）It was really surprising that she married a man like that.（ 她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。 ） It + be + 名词词组 + doing / that .e.g. It is no good telling lies. （ 撒谎没好处。 ）It is a pity that you didn' t go to see the film伤eSterdO看成那部电影真遗憾。）It is a truth that there would be no

4、 new China without the Communist Party.（没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。）It + be +过去分词 + that .该句型常见动词有： say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. （据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。）It is believed that China will become one of the stronges

5、t countries in the world.（大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。）It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.（据报道，至少有十七万人在2004 年那场海啸中丧生。 ） It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that .e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.（4以乎他 4E 常喜欢流行歌曲。）It appears that Tom might change his m

6、ind.（看来汤姆可能会改变主意。） 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用 it 作形式主语。e.g. Does it matter much that they won' t come（tom'orroW?来彳艮重要吗？）Is it true that he will go abroad next week?（他下周出国是真的吗？） It + takes + （sb.） + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（ to do sth.）,句型中的sb.也可以省略。e.g. It took me

7、 some time to read the reading materials.（ 我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。 ）It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.（ 从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14 小时。 ）How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?（ 从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？ ） I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours

8、to get there.（ 我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。 ）二、 It 用作形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it 仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。下列四种情况须用 it 作形式宾语： 当不定式 （短语） 、 动名词 （短语） 或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时 （如 think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose 等）；e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked

9、 with us Chinese. （他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）I don t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. （我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱。）I think it no need talking about it with them. （我认为没必要跟他们谈。） 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如 like, enjoy, love, hate 等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g. I don

10、t like it that he （我不喜欢他那么懒惰。） s so lazy.I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. （我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。） that 引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）Would you see to it that she gets home early? （你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他

11、坚持说自己是无辜的。） 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用 it 。e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）We owe it to you that there wasn' t a serious（aCcidentp 才没有发生严重事故。）练习一1. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he2. I don

12、 t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. this B. that C. itsD. it3. Does matter if he can t finish the job oAn. thimiseB? . that C. he D. it4. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn t helpD. Ait. he B. which C.5. is a fact that English is

13、 being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them7. Don t that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the mostsuccessful. A. take as granted B. take this fo

14、r granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted8. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one练习二1. happened he is unfit for the office.A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that2. We took for granted that they would accept our advice.A.

15、that B. this C. it D. them3. that the scientist will give us a talk next month?A. Is true B. Is it true C. It s true D. It s truly4. doesn t matter much dresusayreo going to wear.A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who5. is going to America for further study.A. He is said that B. People s

16、aid that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he6. They are good friends. is no wonder that they know each other so well.A. This B. That C. There D. It7. Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. this B. there C. that D. itD. it8. She likedwhen he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one9.will do

17、 you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One10. We think our duty to pay taxes to our government.A. that B. this C. its D. itKey: 练习一 1-8 CDDDDADC 练习二 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDADit 作形式主语和形式宾语it 既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示 “时间 ”、 “距离 ”、 “天气 ”等。它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。

18、此外， it 在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。 it 作形式主语： it 作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。 it 作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。1. it 代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be + 形容词 + （for/of sb.） to do sth.It + be + 名词 + to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干 花了某人 时间It ' s up to sb. to do sth.干是某人的职责或义

19、务如：It is everyone ' s duty to obey the law遵守法律是每个人的义务。（it作形式主语，代替不定式短语to obey the law ） It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. 对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。（it作形式主语，代替不定式短语 to learn Chinese ） It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps. 把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。（ it 作形式主语 , 代替不定式短语to use these p

20、laces as rubbish dumps ） It took them a year to build the bridge. 建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。（it作形式主语，代替不定式短语 to build the bridge ） It is bad manners to stare at people. 瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。（it作形式主语，代替不定式短语 to stare at people ） It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。（it作形式主语，代替不定式短语 to help those in need

21、） It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job. 我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。 it 作形式主语 , 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job ） It be + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.与 It be + 形容词 +of sb. to do sth.:如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb. 的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb. 的表语，则 sb. 前应用介词 of ，否则就用 for 。如： It s necessary for us to use a sh ort-wave radio to

22、pick up the programmes. 我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。 It s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说是重要的。 It ' s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助。（=You are kind to help me. ） It was foolish of him to give up the job. 他放弃那工作是愚蠢的（ = He was foolish to give up the job. ）2. it代替动名词短语：动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及

23、不定式那么普遍，常限于no good, no use,精品文档useless, waste 等词的后面。 It is no good/ use having a car if you can' t drivel你不会开车， 有车也没用。（ it 作形式主语,代替动名词短语having a car） It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。 （ it 作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV ）It is no use asking him.问他没有用。（it作形式主语，代替动名词短语 asking him ） It is no u

24、se talking to him about it. 和他谈这事没有用。 （ it 作形式主语 ,代替动名词短语talking to himabout it ）3. it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。如： It was clear that they had no desire for peace. 很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。（ it 作形式主语, 代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace） It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她能否来还很难

25、说。（ it 作形式主语, 代替主语从句whether she will be able to come） It was clear enough what she meant. 她的意思是够清楚的。（ it 作形式主语,代替主语从句what shemeant ） It hasn t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车。（ it 作形式主语,代替主语从句 when the new road is to be opened to traffic ） It is a mystery

26、to me how it all happened. 这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜。（it作形式主语，代替主语从句 how it all happened ）用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有： It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder that 如： It was a pity that the engineer couldn ' t come工程师没能够来。 It is a wonder that he continues to gamble wh

27、en he always loses! 令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。 （ It is ） no wonder （that） you were late! 难怪你来晚了。 It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic. 真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.英语被认为是国际语言，这是一个事实。 It is + 形容词 （如： strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true

28、/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important） that 如： It is certain that he will win. 他一定会取胜。 It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。 It was obvious that the child had been badly treat

29、ed. 很显然那个孩子受过虐待。 It is likely that he will ring me tonight. 他今晚可能给我打电话。 It is strange that he should have left without telling us. 真奇怪，他也没说一声就走了。 It is unlikely that their group will get ahead of us. 他们小组不会赶到我们前头去。 It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to methat 如： It happened

30、 that I wasn ' t there that day.恰好那天我不在那里。 It seems that his idea is more practical. 看起来他的意见更实际一些。 It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。 It + be + 过去分词（如： said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed ）that 如： It is hoped that t

31、he number of deer will greatly increase very soon.（相当于：People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon）人们希望鹿的数目将会很快增加。 It is said that nothing has been done about it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施。 It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生

32、。 It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school. 大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一。精品文档精品文档据认为那儿的洪水是百年来最大的洪水。 It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.that的主语从句中用虚拟语气：有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。建议一切在今晚准备好。* 注意要在 It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed(should) + 动词原形如： It is re

33、quested that he give a performance at the party. It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.据命令，这台收音机要立刻送到那里去。 It doesn ' t matter连接代词或副词 It doesn ' t make too much difference+ 连接代词或副词 如： It doesn t matter whether he come

34、s or not. 他来还是不来都没关系。 It won ' t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。 it 作形式宾语：it 作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。it 作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件： 真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句 有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件，形式宾语 it 一定要用。1. it 代替不定式短语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard+it+词 /名词 + 不定式短语如： I find it p

35、leasant to work with him.（it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him） 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.（ it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time ）他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。She thinks it her duty to help us. （ it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us ）她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。 I t

36、hink it my honor to be invited to speak here.（ it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语 to be invited to speak here ）我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。Tom didn' t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese.（ it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语 to write letters in Chinese ）汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。 All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.（

37、it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语 to go on with the work ）这些噪音使我无法继续工作。2. it代替动名词短语（这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些）如： The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试会有好处吗？ He found it useless（ no use） arguing with him. 他发现和他辩论没有用。 He though

38、t it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。 I don t think it worthwhile going to such a place. 到这样一个地方去我看是不值得的。3. it 代替宾语从句：如： We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。 I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不

39、会来的 了。 I ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。 含it的常用句型英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用。1. It be + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其他成分强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用 that 或 who（whom） 连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用 that 连接其他成分。例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语（如 ）、宾语（如 ）、地点状语（如 ）及时间状语（

40、如 ）I met Peter in Japan last year.精品文档精品文档（1） It wasI_who/that met Peter in Japan last year.（2） It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year. It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.（4） It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.* notuntil也可用于强调句型例 1 Mr Brown didn ' t come back until eleve

41、n o ' clock.可变为：It was not until ele ven o ' clock that Mr Brown came back.例 2 The rain didn ' t stop until midnight可变为：It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.;典典旬也国变为持稣疑回包例 1 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. 可变为： When was it that the PRC was founded?例 2 Your dad worked

42、in this factory two years ago.可变为： Where was it that your dad worked two years ago?2 It ' s地点犬语+ that （强调句）It ' sfe点名词 + where （定语从句）如： It is the town where I was born.（the town为地点名词，定语从句）这是我出生的镇子。It was in the town that I was born.（in the town为地点状语，强调句型 ）我出生在这个镇子。3.1 t ' s + 寸间名词+ when

43、- （时间状语从句） It ' s + 寸间语 +that（强调句）如：It was at 8 o ' clock that he returned. （at 8 o ' clock时间状语，强调句 ）他是在八点钟回来的。It was 8 o ' clock when he returned.（8 o ' cock间名词，时间状语从句）他回来的时候是八点钟。4. if it is convenient to you如果你方便的话如： If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow. 如果方便的话，你明

44、天可以动身。5. believe it or not 信不信由你如：Believe it or not, I ' ll go abroad next month管你信还是不信，我下个月要出国。 Believe门t or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你我们冒雨等了两个小时。6. .It.s time .that.二:did./.should .do定语从句.）如： It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放

45、学了。 It ' s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice.我们的确该停止这种做法了。7. . Jt is /has. been .二 since二二 did二一（时间谙丛包）如： It is just a week since we arrived here.我们来这里已星期了。8. It .won 二 t be_二before用丕工一（多美时四）一就会 .二.It .will be 二:before_得过一（多一长时回）一一才.一:二It wasn ' tbefore没过（多长时间）就 It. was_.二b

46、efore二:过工多长时回寸一.二It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。 It wasn ' t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。 It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了 我这件事。It won ' t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。 易混用其他句型英语中有一些

47、句型不含it,但却易被误用了 it,常见的有以下句型:1. There is something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth.如：There is nothing wrong /the matter with him. He' s just pretending没什么事，他只是在装呢。2. There. Js. no .doubt about二对二二毫丕.怀疑.There .is .no . doubt . that对二：.H 不怀疑一如：There is no doubt about his suitability for the

48、job.毫无疑问，他适合这个工作。There is no doubt about the fact.关于这个事实毫无怀疑。 There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.毫无置疑他很难对付。.3,. There.is .no. need （for.,s.b） todo .sth.，.没必要.；：如：There was no need for him to remain in Paris. 他没有必要继续留在巴黎。精品文档 There is no need for you to start yet. 你现在还不必动身。4. There is no/

49、a possibility that 没可能 /有可能(=It is impossible/possible that)如：There is a possibility that the train may be late. 可能火车要晚点。There is no possibility that we ' ll see him this weekend我们本周末不可能见到他。5. There is a chance that 可能 如：There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这个生病的孩子可能会好起来的。6. There

50、 be . no/. .some, differences. . between二 and 二二租二之间没 / 有区别如： There are some differences between the two languages.这两种语言之间有些区另1J。7. .After. what. seemed.+时间_如： After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life.在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后，那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来。8. .There . be .difficulty/.trouble. (

51、in)doing. sth. 壬二直因St 如： here was no difficulty in finding him. 找到他没费什么事。习题演练：1.is reported that he got seven gold medals.A. ThatB. Word C. It D. News2 .How long to finish the work?A. you will take B. will you take C. you will take it D. will it take you3 .no need for us to discuss the problem again

52、. It has already been settled.A. It has B. There has C. It isD. There is4 .I was disappointed with the play. I had expected to be much better.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it5 .I don ' t think possible to master a fo reign language without much memory work.A. it B. thatC. itsD. this6 .Does matter if he

53、 can ' t finish the job on time?A. this B. it C. he D. that7 .Do you need my ruler?-No, thanks. I ' ve got myself.A. it B. eachC. oneD. the one8 .Which person do you mean?who wears a new gold watch.A. The oneB. One C. EachD. It9.It three years since I left England.A. has beenB. was C. had be

54、en D. will be10.It wo n' t be long the island to our motherland.A. when, returns B. before, will return C. since, returns D. before, returnsII.How many years is it your family moved here?A. afterB. sinceC. beforeD. until12.is a pity that you forgot both her address and her telephone number.A. It

55、B. ThereC. ThisD. That13.I saw no more than one copy left in the bookshop. Will you go and buy?A. itB. someC. anyD. one14 .Will you see to that the luggage is brought back?A. meB. yourselfC. itD. them15 .It that she has lost interest in studying English.A. seemed B. appearsC. looksD. remains16 .happ

56、ened that I met one of my friends yesterday.A. IB. That C. It D. How17 .I think right that you didn ' t tell him the bad news.A. it B. its C. you D. that18.to say which one I should choose.A. That ' s hardB. It is hardC. There no use D. It no good1 9.surprised me most was that she had become a famous singer.精品文档精品文档D. The thingD. That, to talkB. Where C. It D. WhatC. herD. herselfB. It isC. It D. ThisB. when C. this D. since the earthquake occurred.A. where, whichB. which, whereC. which, thatD. that, whereA. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. This20 .will take you a