备战中考之初中代词知识点

1、.备战中考之初中代词知识点1代词的作用严格地讲，代词是代替名词的，在句子中起名词的作用，可用作：1主语This is our new home. 这是我们的新家。Who is on the phone? 谁在打 ？2宾语Take good care of yourself. 多多保重。We should help each other. 我们应互相帮助。3表语Thats not mine.那不是我的。Who is it? Its me.谁呀？ 是我。4同位语We both live in the dormitory.我们两人都住宿舍。He ate them all. 他把它们全吃了。5呼语Be

2、 patient, everybody. 大家都耐心点。2代词的分类代词通常可分为以下八类：1人称代词I, you, he , we等2物主代词our, your, their, his等3反身代词myself, ourselves, yourself, itself等4互相代词each other, one another5指示代词this, that, these, those等6疑问代词who, what, which, whose等7关系代词who, that, which, whose等8不定代词both, all, some, any等二、重点知识归纳及讲解一人称代词1人称代词的单

3、数、复数和主格、宾格数格人称单数复数主格宾语主格宾格第一人称I 我mewe 我们us第二人称you 你youyou 你们you第三人称he 他she 她it 它himherit他们they 她们它们them2人称代词的用法1人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语I am studying English now.我如今正在学英语。We love our country.我们热爱我们的国家。假如有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是：单数形式 you, he and I复数形式 we, you and they2人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。Can you help us?你能帮助我

4、们吗？We are waiting for them.我们正在等他们。Who is there? Its me.是谁呀？是我。二物主代词物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系，这类代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，并有不同的人称和单复数之分。2形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别1形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。My parents are both doctors.我的父母都是医生。We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed.我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是?生死时速?。2名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟

5、名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。Is this her pen? No, hers is red. 主语这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours. 宾语咱们先清扫他们的房间，然后再清扫我们的。These letters are his.表语这些信是他的。三反身代词反身代词用来表示反射或强调。1反身代词的形式人称一二 三单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2反身代词的用法1

6、在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。My grandmother is too old to look after herself.我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。Lei Feng was always ready to help others, he never thought of himself.雷锋总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。2在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气，常可译为“亲自、“本人等。在这种情况下，反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后，也可以放到句末。We ourselves will build the factory.我们将自己建造这个工厂。He spoke

7、to me myself.他对我本人说话。3反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。by oneself 亲自 for oneself 为自己call oneself 称自己 teach oneself 自学help oneself to 随意吃 lose oneself 迷路speak to oneself 自言自语 seat oneself 就座make oneself understood 让别人懂得自己的意思四指示代词指示代词是表示“这个、“那个、“这些、“那些等指示概念的代词，如：this, that, these, those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和t

8、hese一般用来指较近的事物，that和those那么指较远的事物。指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。This is a difficult question.这是个难题。That basketball isnt ours.那个篮球不是我们的。Do you like these?你喜欢这些吗？五不定代词不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。1不定代词有以下形式：some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all, both, neither, none,

9、 either, each, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another, much ,one2不定代词在句子中的作用：1作主语Everyone has come. Lets begin.大家都到了，我们开场吧。Both of his parents are doctors.他的父母都是医生。One is the teacher, the others are students.一人是老师，其余的是学生。2作宾语This one is too small, please show me another.这个太小，请另外拿一个给我看看。Plea

10、se introduce me to the others.请把我介绍给所有其他的人。3作表语Thats all for today.今天就到这儿吧。Its too much for me.这件事非我力所能及。3常见不定代词的用法讲解1some和anyasome常用于肯定句，any多用于否认句，疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。Some say yes and some say no.有的人说是，有的人说不是。I dont like any of them.我对他们一个也不喜欢。Does any of them know this?他们当中有谁知道吗？b假如在提问时期待对方

11、肯定答复，或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词要用some，不用any。Would you like some of the tickets?你想要些票吗？c在强调“任何一个意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。You can take any of the newspapers here.你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。2either和neithereither用于肯定，neither用于否认，二者均限于两个个体的情况。You can see tall trees on either of the river banks.在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。Neither of them wants t

12、o see the film with me.他们两个谁也不想和我去看电影。3one和onesone的复数形式one可以指某人，人人或某物，也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词，以防止用词的重复。当one指人时，其反身代词为oneself，所有格形式是ones。One should follow the laws.人人应该遵守法律。The one in red is our monitor.穿红衣服的那位是我们的班长。Shanghai has a lot of new buildings, but it also has many old ones.上海有很多新的建筑物，也有不少老的建

13、筑物。4复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every同body，one, thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数，表示“某人或“某物，并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样，some, someone和something一般用于肯定句，anybody, anyone和anything一般用于否认句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。We want somebody to help us.我们想要有人来帮助我们。Have you found anything here?你们在这儿发现什么了吗？If anyone comes to visit u

14、s, tell him we have gone to the cinema.有人来访就告诉去电影院了。表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加s构成所有格。Somebodys wallet has just been stolen.有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。复合不定代词要求后置定语。We will have something important to do this afternoon.今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。六疑问代词疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如who, whom, whose, what和which等。在疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who

15、is your maths teacher?表语谁是你们的数学老师？Whose bag is that?定语那是谁的书包？Who teaches you English?主语谁教你们英语？Whom are you talking about?宾语你们在议论谁？七互相代词互相代词是表示互相关系的代词，其形式如下表。主格和宾格所有格each otherone anothereach othersone anothers在当代英语中，each other和one another意思上没有区别，它们在句中可以作宾语，其所有格可以作定语。例如：Do you often help each other?你

16、们经常互相帮助吗？We are interested in one anothers work.我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。课堂练习I. 选择填空：1This dictionary is not hers. Its _.A. I                 B. me              &#

17、160;C. mine              D. my2. - Is this _ magazine? - No, it isnt. Its _.A. your, her          B. hers, mine          C. yours, hers 

18、0;       D. your, hers3. There are two books on the desk. One is a maths book, _ is an English book.A. others            B. other               C

19、. the other          D. another4. _ of the girls plays tennis well.A. Neither           B. Both               C. All   &

20、#160;           D. Some5. Mary speaks very quickly. _ is difficult to understand what she is saying.A. That             B. she          

21、0;     C. It                 D. There6. The school was built by the villagers _.A. us               B. ourselves   

22、        C. them               D. themselves7. He put a finger into _ mouth and sucked it.A. his B. he C. him D. hiss8. He is always ready to help _.A. another B. others C. the other D. other9. Le

23、t _ do this exercise myself.A. him B. her C. us D. me10. Have you _ to tell us?A. important something B. something importantC. important anything D. anything important11. I met an old friend of _ on _ way home.A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D. mine, the12. _ of the students in our class has a tic

24、ket.A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All13. There are several books on the desk. _ of them is English.A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither14. _ live in Shanghai.A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves15. - Is this _ jacket? - Yes, its _.A. her, her B. her, hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers16. - _ is that boy?

25、- Hes my son.A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which17. _ humans _ animals can live without air.A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also18. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, _ are for the students.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others19. My

26、dictionary is in my bag. Where is _?A. yours B. you C. yourself D. your20. I think you can do the job _.A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. your21. - Which jacket is Marys? - The red one is _.A. she B. her C. hers D. his22. My uncle was so angry that he was no _ when he found I was beating his dog.A

27、. him B. his C. himself D. he23. There are many trees on _ side of the street.A. all B. both C. every D. each24. _ is important for us to keep the balance of nature.A. There B. That C. This D. It25. She cant find _ watch.A. hers B. it C. her D. its26. There is _ milk in the glass.A. many B. little C

28、. few D. a few与当今“老师一称最接近的“老师概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问?示侄孙伯安?诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。于是看，宋元时期小学老师被称为“老师有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师，而一般学堂里的先生那么称为“老师或“教习。可见，“老师一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“老师的含义比之“老师一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差异。辛亥革命后，老师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“老师为“教员。27. Please pass _ the cap of tea.A. me B. my C. mine D. I28. Have you heard

29、 from _ recently?A. them B. they C. themselves D. their29. There is _water in the bottle.A. not B. some C. any D. many30. There isnt _ food left on the table.A. many B. few C. much D. little31. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _ about the news.A. a little B. little C. few D. a few32. This

30、is his schoolbag, _ is on the desk.A. my B. yours C. your D. you33. We made the radio _.A. us B. ourselves C. myself D. our34. Would please give me _ hot tea?A. one B. little C. some D. any35. - Would you like some milk in your tea? - Yes, just _.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few36. This questio

31、n is so difficult that _ students can answer it.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little37. They have only _ homework for Sunday.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little38. They told us about their school and we told them about_.A. we B.us C. our D. ours39. This blue suit looks better than the green _.A.

32、/ B. one C. suits D. ones40. _ is your father ,a worker or a teacher?A. How B. Which C. What D. Who课后稳固1- Whose painting is this? Its really wonderful!- Oh, its not _ . Its _ .A. hers; your B. mine; Elsas C. yours; hes D. his; my2_ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday.They were stayin

33、g at home all that day.A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. One3The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few4This ruler is mine. _ is over there.A. She B. Shes C. Her D. Hers5Ill tell you _ news about the sports meeting.A. many B. some C. a fe

34、w6All the boys were very tired, but _ of them would take a rest.A. all B. neither C. any D. none7Every day Mr. Hu checks _ homework and corrects the mistakes we make.A. his B. her C. our D. its8- When shall we meet again, this afternoon or tonight?- I dont mind. _ time is OK.A. Either B. Every C. Ne

35、ither D. Both9The old man has two sons. One is a worker ; _ is a teacher.A. another B. other C. others D. the other10Pass _ the knife, please. My pencil is broken.A. I B. me C. my D. mine11- Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke?- _, thanks. Id like just a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both

36、 D. None12Bob couldnt buy the dictionary because he had _ money with him.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little13This is not my dictionary. Its _.A. her B. his C. your D. their14- Oh! I came n a hurry and forgot to bring food.- Never mind. You can have _ .A. us B. ours C. you D. yours15- The watch is

37、 so nice! Is it for _?- Yes. Happy birthday. Mary!- Thank you very much.A. his B. me C. my D. hers16- May I use your pen?- Yes, here are two and you can use _ of them.“教书先生恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。?孟子?中的“先生何为出此言也？；?论语?中

38、的“有酒食，先生馔；?国策?中的“先生坐，何至于此？等等，均指“先生为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实?国策?中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称的说法。可见“先生之原意非真正的“老师之意，倒是与当今“先生的称呼更接近。看来，“先生之根源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师为“先生的记载，首见于?礼记?曲礼?，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言，其中之“先生意为“年长、资深之传授知识者，与老师、老师之意根本一致。A. both B. every C. any D. either17- Whose book is this?- Its _ .A. my B. mine C. me D. I18- How many more oranges can I have ?老师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模拟。如领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边