高考任务阅读指导

1、一 近5年江苏高考任务型阅读材料，类型一览表年份年份题目题目体裁体裁2008Working together议论文议论文2009 Communication principles 议论文议论文 2010 The magnetic sense the living compass 说明文说明文 2011 When should a leader apologize and when not 议论文议论文 2012“Happiness Advantage” effect科普说科普说明文明文二、 考纲解读一一 内容解读内容解读v 课标课标： 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并加工处理。v 考

2、纲考纲： 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。 考生应能： 根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。 二 分析解读 1 该题综合了理解， 分析，概括和书面表达等能力。 要求考生理解并掌握材料的整体结构与主旨大意， 利用略读和检索阅读的方式寻求图表所需的信息， 并用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。 2 该题型对单词来源及词数有严格的要求。三、近几年任务型阅读命题特点规律特点特点 ：1 与传统的阅读 题的 区别就在于它对文章结构和层次结构和层次的体现。从大标题大标题(文章主题)到小标题小标题(论述的各个侧面

3、或分析列举)，再到各个细节各个细节的的全面分析。 2考查捕捉与组织信息捕捉与组织信息的能力 ,信息的综合加工和处理综合加工和处理能力，其信息不仅体现在阅读短文阅读短文中，还体现在对表格信息的比较对表格信息的比较和理解中和理解中。常见的命题类型有三种，即捕捉信息题、组织信即捕捉信息题、组织信息题和归纳信息题。息题和归纳信息题。 3 任务型阅读的阅读量较大， 但是阅读难度适中， 一般原词与推理词的比例为7：3 。近五年的命题规律原文中直接能找到原文有但需要改变词形根据上下文的逻辑关系综合推断2008年6312009年42420108（原词和稍加变化）220116 （原词和稍加变化）42012532

4、四、 命题趋势 任务型阅读将会继续在高考试题中占有较大比重， 考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主， 文章体裁主要以议论文为主， 阅读量大， 要求考生具有捕捉信息，组织信息和综合概括信息的能力 五、备考建议 一一 扩大词汇扩大词汇、最近几年任务型阅读文章中八级词汇大大增加。如:accidentally, centrality, competent, erase, instance, observation, originate, define, individual, negative, establish, inference, involve, neutral, non-verbal, v

5、erbal, nonetheless 等。这就要求考生在平时的复习迎考中不仅要掌握大纲规定的单词和400500个习惯用语或固定搭配,还要注意扩充自己的词汇!备考建议 二 扩大阅读量 提高阅读速度任务型阅读对学生书面英语的理解能力和阅读速度提出了挑战。任务型阅读文章的长度在500词左右 ,2008年高考江苏卷为428词，2009年为539词，2010年为527词。因此考生在平时的学习中应当多进行一些限时训练。提高理解能力和答题的速度。英语教师应该有计划地给学生安排英语教师应该有计划地给学生安排泛读任务，不可完全以练代读。教师可每月推荐泛读任务，不可完全以练代读。教师可每月推荐一批内容贴近青少年生

6、活和英语国家文化背景的一批内容贴近青少年生活和英语国家文化背景的英语读物。文章要有一定的长度和丰富的信息量。英语读物。文章要有一定的长度和丰富的信息量。如果考生阅读面广，并且具备较好的阅读理解水如果考生阅读面广，并且具备较好的阅读理解水平，就能在高考中以不变应万变。平，就能在高考中以不变应万变。 备考建议三三 加强阅读技巧的指导加强阅读技巧的指导培养培养 略读、扫读、猜词、捕捉细节信息、区分事实略读、扫读、猜词、捕捉细节信息、区分事实和观点、理解文章层次和结构、归纳文章大意、推和观点、理解文章层次和结构、归纳文章大意、推断作者意图和提高阅读速度等内容的专项训练。每断作者意图和提高阅读速度等内容

7、的专项训练。每次解题侧重训练某一方面的技巧，诸如解题步骤、次解题侧重训练某一方面的技巧，诸如解题步骤、如何分析图表结构及内部联系、如何理清层次、如如何分析图表结构及内部联系、如何理清层次、如何归纳主题、如何从多种信息中聚焦有效信息、如何归纳主题、如何从多种信息中聚焦有效信息、如何确定空档单词的语法功能、如何加工信息等等。何确定空档单词的语法功能、如何加工信息等等。解题思路解题思路理解文章理解文章分析表格分析表格定位信息定位信息分析整合信息分析整合信息选择合适词汇表达选择合适词汇表达The InternetThe Internet offers information to us Wecan(2

8、)_Information throughout the World, because the Internet can Connect millions of computers. The Internet is often called the “information superhighway”, because vast of information travel over it. The Internet enables us to (1)_in a new way. Thanks to(3)_, we can keep in touch with others wherever w

9、e are. It has changed the (4)_Of talking. Through it, we can talk with our students in London About the weather experiment.It has also enabled us to exchange information at (5)_speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us(6)_another person who has interest in(7)_.Bes

10、ides, it helps us to send information (8)_the advantages, we should be (9)_when using it, because it May not be(10)_if someone has access to our receivers computer. 树状形树状形语篇结构语篇结构先先总总后后分分Analyze the structure of a passage. TitleA tree diagraminformation blockinformation blockdetailsdetailsdetailsdet

11、ailsdetailsdetailsTitle: Change in Todays ChildrenMain comparisonContextsDifferent(1)_Children in the past just did what they wre(2)_to.Children today(3)_as if they were adults.Different(2)_Children in the past never experienced(5)_.Sometimes sadness(6)_to children nowadays.Different(7)_to get knowl

12、edgeChildren in the past: in a (8)_and guided processChildren nowadays:by(9)_TV without controlA phenomenon worth notingThe authors (10)_to childrens change He prefers communication through print for children, which can control what children are to learn.表格式表格式行文方式行文方式对对比比推推 进进 备考建议v四 ：培养解题能力v1 培养词形

13、转换能力( service- serve ) v2 培养英语释义与概括能力 ignore- pay no attention )v3 培养逆向思维能力 （decrease- increase ) v4 培养语篇章结构解读能力- -利用完型填空和阅读理解的文章，在阅读后写出文章的主题，段落大意，自己动手绘制语篇结构图，以增强语篇结构解读能力六 ：针对练习 -进行专门词汇练习进行专门词汇练习 任务型要考 信息查找题 转换题 归纳题 词汇练习包括辨认单词练习、单词拼写过词汇练习包括辨认单词练习、单词拼写过关练习、变换词性练习、根据构词法猜词关练习、变换词性练习、根据构词法猜词义练习、单词搭配练习、同

14、义词辨析练习义练习、单词搭配练习、同义词辨析练习和其他一些单词运用练习。教师应将填空和其他一些单词运用练习。教师应将填空高频词罗列出来，供考生记忆。高频词罗列出来，供考生记忆。（一（一 ） 信息信息转换转换题题(1). 信息释义信息释义 (2). 同义词和反义词转换同义词和反义词转换(5).词性转换词性转换(3).句子结构转换句子结构转换(4). 词形转换词形转换1.解题关键解题关键: 根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。成另一种表达方式。2.常常见见的的 转转换换方方式式(6) (6) 表达方式转换表达方式转换构词法，词形转换拓展练习构词

15、法，词形转换拓展练习Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.vHe was glad about his _ to the university. (admit)vIt is so cold that even the river has _(freeze).vThe issue brought about a heated _ (argue).vTheir rise to fame bears no such _(resemble).vThe exam was_ easy. (relative)vDictiona

16、ries should be put where they will be easily _ .(access)admissionfrozenargumentresemblancerelativelyaccessible转换表达方式拓展练习转换表达方式拓展练习Use a similar expression to paraphrase them.vIf you pay no attention to your diet, trouble will follow.vSports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.vThe exhib

17、ition is held every year.vI dont agree with her pessimistic view of the state of the current economy.ignore/neglectyearly/annuallysupportinappropriatevbelong to the cluba member / one of the members of the club;vobject to-was opposed to-opposein opposition to; cant be accepted-is unacceptable; vmiss

18、 our homeland and family-homesick; be addicted to-be hooked on; vdidnt respond to.=made no response to =said nothing in response to.;vaccompany sb.=keep sb. company; accuse of=charge with.vcant (help/ choose) but do=have no alternative / choice but to dovapply to.=make an application to; an approach

19、 to doing.= a way to do / of doingvapprove of= subscribe to=in favor of= supportvbe beneficial to=be of benefit to = benefit.; be determined to do= be bent on doing.vgo aboard.= go on board.= board.; be bored with=be tired of=be fed up withvdo sth. with caution = do sth. cautiously; do sth. with ent

20、husiasm=do sth. enthusiasticallyvIts likely that=The chance is that / Chances are that=There is a chance (are chances ) that=Theres possibility /probability thatvcompared to / with=in comparison with; compensate for=make up forvcongratulate sb. on sth.= show / express congratulations to sb. on sth.v

21、as a result=in consequence; consist of=be made up of=be composed ofvagree with=correspond with/ to=be consistent with; deserve to be praised =deserve praising vtell the difference between.and=tell/distinguish. from vdivorce sb.=got divorced from sb.; face sth=be faced with sth.vdo good to=be good fo

22、r. ; be merciful to=have mercy on=show mercy tovhave prejudice against=be prejudiced against ; like sth. better=prefer sth.=have a preference forva little=slightly; thank sb. = be grateful to sb.; draw near=around the cornervdont know.=have no idea / knowledge of.; get on ones knees=kneel downvbe di

23、scovered=come to light; occur to sb=strike sb.; get over difficulties=overcome difficultiesvparticipate in=join in = take part in; improve=polish up ; delay=put off =postpone; vtake pride in=be proud of ; deliberately=on purpose=by design; vturn ones dream into reality=realize ones dream ; reflect o

24、n=think about; vlook like sb.=resemble sb.; be protected by=under the umbrella ofvmake a summary of.=summarize ; be superior to=be better than ; vHe died three years ahead of his wife.=He survived his wife by 3 years.vones cup of tea=to ones taste; tend to do=have a tendency to do.vbe tired=be worn

25、out; vbe worth doing =be worthy of being done / to be done= doing sth. is worthwhilev动词转化成名词，表示人的名词常加er,有时加or,如：vsurvivor, creator, calculator investor, investigator, instructor, visitor, negotiator, inspector, educator, operator , communicator等； v前缀：unequal / inequality; improper; inappropriate; insuffi