牛津小学英语A英语语法及练习

1、牛津小学英语5A英语语法及练习There be结构1、 there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”。这种句子结构中的there是一个引导词，本身没有词义。be是谓语动词，be根据后面所及主语的不同而用is或are，地点或时间通常放在句子的最后。2、 there be结构中，be在人称和数上应该与主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。如：There is a book on the desk. There are some books on the desk.3、 若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，也

2、就是通常所说的“就近原则”。如：There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. There are ten students and a teacher in the classroom.4、 在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语提到句首。如：In the tree there are five birds5、There be的否定句：there be的否定句式通常在be动词后加not ，如果句中有some，要变成any。如：there are some children in the picture. 画上有一些小孩6、There be

3、的一般疑问句：仍然采用“一调二改三问号”的方法。把some变成any。语法及练习8 There be 句型与have, hasThere be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)

4、表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are

5、”1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk.3. He_a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden.7. What do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase?11. My father_a story-book. 1

6、2. _a story-book on the table.13. _any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students_in the classroom?15. My parents_some nice pictures. 16. _some maps on the wall.17. _a map of the world on the wall. 18. David_a telescope.19. Davids friends_some tents. 20. _many children on the hill.Fill in the blank

7、with “ have, has ”1. I_ a nice puppet. 2. He_a good friend.3. They_ some masks. 4. We_some flowers.5. She_ a duck. 6. My father_ a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase. 8. Our teacher_ an English book.9. Our teachers_a basketball. 10. Their parents_some blankets11. Nancy_many skirts. 12. David_some jackets

8、.13. My friends_a football. 14. What do you_?15. What does Mike_? 16. What do your friends_?17. What does Helen_? 18. His brother_a basketball.19. Her sister_a nice doll. 20. Miss Li_an English book.现在进行时1、现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词。2、现在分词的构成：（1）

9、大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing：sweep-sweeping；drink-drinking（2）如果动词以不发音的e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,：come-coming；have-having；make-making（3）请记住，下列单词要双写最后的辅音字母：swimswimming；let-letting；put-putting；run-running；sit-sitting；forget-forgetting3、现在进行时的否定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing. They arent writing.4、现在

10、进行时的一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分Am I singing? Yes, you are . / No, you arent.Are they writing? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句及回答：特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing? We are playing basketball.6、现在进行时表示现在正在发生的事情，往往与now、look、listen等词连用。We are waiting for you n

11、ow. What are you doing?Look! He is opening the window一般现在时1、动词第三人称词形变化（与名词的复数相近）多数在动词后加s：play-plays；like-likes；以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es：go-goes；washwashes；以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es：fly-flies；studystudies。2、动词be和 have的变化形式“我”用am，“你”用are，is用于“他、她、它”除了第三人称单数用has外，其它人称一律用have。如：I (We，You, They) have a pen. You hav

12、e a pen. She (He) has a pen. .3、否定句：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分He doesnt have a dog. We dont like the little cat.4、一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont.Does he (she) like it? Yes, he ( she )does. / No, he (she) doesnt.5、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句What does he have？Wh

13、at do you do on Sunday?代词1、代词的种类：（1）人称代词主格：I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they。在句子中作主语，通常放在句首。在疑问句中，通常放在第二位。如：I am a boy.（2）人称代词宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them。在句子中作宾语，通常放在动词或者介词之后。Can you help me.?（3）物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their。通常放在名词前，不能单独使用。 They are their teachers. Pl

14、ease give them some flowers.（4）指示代词：this , that , these , those。前面两个表示单数，后面两个表示复数。如果作为限定词，都可以用the来替代。（5）疑问代词：who, what, whose, which2、在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。简单记成：单数2、3、1，复数1、2、3。都是第三人称单数，女后男在先。例如：You and I can help each otherYou, Tom and I are leaving next month.We, you

15、 and they should go there together.重要语法规则以下一些语法规则要记牢：1. like后面的可数名词一般用复数形式，但有his，this，her等限定词的除外。如：I like apples. I like white shoes. We like this apple.2. like后面的动词一般用它的ing形式。如：I like swimming. I like watching cartoons.3. 在以may，can, will, shall 开头的疑问句中，后面的动词必须用原形。如：Can you find it？ May I come in？4.

16、 祈使句开头通常有please，lets，dont等词，后面的动词必须用原形。如：Please give me some pens. Dont draw on your book. Lets go to the zoo.5. To不作介词用时，后面的动词用原形。如：Id like to buy a car. Show me how to make it.6. 在疑问句中，does后面的动词必须用原形。如：Does he have a knife？ What does she want to do today?语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法：(1) Am-was Is -was Are-

17、were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it

18、 is. No, it isnt.用恰当的be动词填空。1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress

19、 _ this?10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt.12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you.15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me.19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20.

20、 Gao shans shirt _ over there.21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room.25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom?27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread

21、on the plate.29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30. You, he and I _ from China.语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一.填写代词表主格。Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is

22、not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which o

23、ne is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ i

24、s my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we

25、)18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ）22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cat

26、s, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot

27、-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese练习：写出下列各词的复数。I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ book_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ people_二动词三单的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,

28、milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ teach_语法及练习4 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Th

29、e sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. b

30、e动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如

31、：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class O

32、ne.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There

33、_(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The chil

34、d often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.二、按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _语法及练习5 现在