中考-名词(英语)

1、名 词中考考点：1. 名词的词义辨析2. 名词的所有格3. 名词的单复数（一） 名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词。类别意义例词专有名词表示人、事物、地点、机构、组织等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写Lucy，China，the Summer Palace普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词car，book，elephant，an apple，machine 集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family, police, class, group, team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词water，rice，fish，meat，cha

2、lk，music，money，cotton，wood，medicine 抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词work，time，space，information，news， weather，homework（二） 可数名词的复述形式名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加“s”在清辅音后读”/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/book books dog dogs student-studentsbed-beds以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”读/IZ/box boxes w

3、atch watches 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i加“es” 读/z/country countries factory factories 以元音字母加y 结尾的名词加“s”读/z/boy boys，monkey monkeys 以f、ef 结尾的名词(1)加“s”读/z/roof-roofs, proof-proofs, belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs以f、fe 结尾的名词(2)变f、fe 为v再加“es” 读/vz/为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半：self-selves, life-lives, thief-thi

4、eves, wife-wives , knife-knives, loaf-loaves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, wolf-wolves以o结尾的名词(1)加“s”读/z/radio radios,zoo zoos 以o结尾的名词(2)加“es”读/z/黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potatopotatoes, tomato tomatoes, mosquito-mosquitoes以ce, se, ze, (d)ge等结尾的名词加“s”读/IZ/face-faces, orange-oranges不规则变化改变单

5、数名词中的元音字母元音改变man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, toottooth-teeth，goose-geese, policemanpolicemen FrenchmanFrenchmen 单复数同形读音不变ChineseChinese, fishfish, JapaneseJapanese, sheepsheep 其他形式读音改变childchildren， mousemice，ox-oxen注：1. 某国人变复数：中日不变英法变，其他s加后面(Swiss除外)ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese, Englishman-Eng

6、lishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen, German-Germans, American-Americans，Swiss-Swiss2. 一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)将中心词变为复数:girlfriend girlfriends, grandchild grandchildren (2) man, woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数:a man doctormen doctors, a woman teacherwomen teachers 3. 常以复数形式出现的名词。如：clothes，trousers，socks，shorts，gloves ，p

7、ants，shoes，scissors，scales，thanks，congratulations，surroundings，belongings ，glasses ，people， cattle，police。这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数。My clothes are newer than yours.The police often come here.4. 可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数There are a few people in the park.How many knives

8、 are there in your pencil-box?例题1：用名词的正确形式填空1） He cut the apple into _ (half).2） The _ (potato) are mine.3） How many _ (family) are there in this town?4） There are ten _ (deer) on the farm.5） These _ (German) are _ (businessman).6） I think the country is much more beautiful than any other _ in the w

9、orld.A country B countries C the country D the countries7）Some companies are thinking of ways to save natural by making better use of the water used in the bathroom.A. resources B. sources C. power D. energy（三） 不可数名词1.概述：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。值得我们注意的是，英语名词的可数与不可数是一个语法概念，与实际生活中某

10、件事物的可数不可数并不完全一致，因而不能单独从意义上加以推测。2.表示方法：不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或干此+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是负数，但of后的名词只用原形。如：a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a bottle ofThere is a piece of paper in the book. ； Three glasses of orange are on the desk.注意：可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数There are two bags of clothes over there. ； W

11、e have five boxes of apples.3. 不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数Some bread is over there. ； No news is good news.4. 常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词They had much money. ； He does little housework at home.5. 有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同（即不可数词意义发生转变时，往往会变成可数）,所以在理解时不能望文生义，只把这类词当

12、做复数概念看待。(1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯)，paper(纸) a paper(报纸) ，work(工作) a work(著作)，room(空间) a room(房间)(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各种水果)，fish(鱼) fishes(各种鱼)，hair(所有头发) hairs (几根头发)，time(时间) times(时代)The girl was washing greens. (蔬菜)Our returns are not as good as before. (利润)Mary lost her good looks when she was

13、old. (容貌)6. 有些名词虽以-s结尾，但它们不是复数。如：physics, maths, politics, news例题2：选择填空1) I found _ good news in _ newspaper.A. a, a B. a piece of , a piece of C. a, a piece of D. a piece of , a2) What _ it is today!A. a fine weather B. fine weather C. fine a weather D. the fine weather3) To their _, they have all

14、passed the exam.A. surprise B. surprising C. surprises D. surprised4) Please make _ for him. He is very tired.A. any room B. any room C. some rooms D. some room5）This is an old photo of mine when I _.A have short hairs B had short hairs C have short hair D had short hair（四） 名词的所有格1.名词的所有格表示名词间的所有关系“

15、 的”。有两种表示形式：一种是s所有格，另一种是of所有格。如：Beijing is Chinas capital. =Beijing is the capital of China.2. 名词所有格的构成方法1）单数名词后加“ s”：Tom s book ；my friend s uncle2）以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ”即可：Teachers Day ；two weeks holiday3）不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“ s” ：Children s Day ； men s shoes4）用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系the colo

16、r of the wall ；a picture of the classroom3. 名词所有格的几个注意点1）可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略：my aunts ( home）； go to the teachers ( office） 2）有些名词的所有格可用两种形式：the cats name / the name of the cat ；Chinas capital/ the capital of China3）表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“s”Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）请区别: Lucys and Lilys r

17、ooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间（两人各有一间房间）4）双重所有格有两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词。如：He is a friend of my brothers. ； Is she a daughter of yours?5) 由some-,any-,every-与-one/-body结合起来的复合名词，如someone, everybody等和else连用时，s应加在else后。如：somebody elses pencil6) 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加“s”或“”来构成所有格。如：用于时间：half an hours walk / t

18、wo weeks time用于度量：Thirteen tons weight / five hundred metres distance用于价值：a hundred yuans order / a million pounds用于天体：the earths satellite / the suns light用于国家：Chinas agriculture / Japans capital用于城市：Shenyangs streets / Dalians industry例题3：选择填空1）He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.A shoes store

19、 B shoe store C shoes store D shoes store2）I will give you _ to finish it.A two weeks time B two weeks time C two week time D two weeks time3）The two bedroom are the _.A twins B twins C twins D twins4）Lucy is _ sister.A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks5）Johns unc

20、le has many friends. Mr. Shute is a friend of _.A Johns uncle B John uncles C Johns uncles D John uncle6）-How far is your cousins home from here? -Its about two _ drive.A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour7） Last week we went to the _ (child) Park.（五） 名词的用法1. 名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。 Her family is a la

21、rge one and her family are all teachers. / There is a pair of glasses on the desk.2. 名词做定语 1）修饰另一名词时,一般用单数：He has two pencil-boxes. / There are three banana trees over there. 2）man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致：We need a man teacher. / They are all women workers.3）sports, clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式：a sports fiel

22、d / a clothes shop4）当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接（即 “数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式）。 He is a fourteen-year-old boy. / This is a two-hour plan.3.名词作宾语：She learns Chinese hard every day.4. 名词作表语：Tom is my good friend.5. 名词作宾语补足语：They chose the boy monitor.例题4：选择填空1. The model plan

23、e was made by a _ boy.A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old2. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _ spring holiday each year.A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten days D. ten-days（六） 名词的转换1. 某些名词后面加-y构成形容词表示“充满的”。如：cloud-cloudy, sun- sunny2. 某些名词后面加-ful构成形容词表示“具有性质的”，“充满的”

24、。如：use-useful, care-careful3. 部分表示人的名词后加-ly构成形容词，这种形容词常具有赞美的意味。如：friend-friendly, live-lovely4. 某些名词后加-less构成形容词，表示“没有的”。如：care-careless, use-useless（七） 同义词辨析_指“家庭，家”，可强调家庭中的全体成员，不指住房；_作“家”讲，指人们生化居住的地方，强调居住的范围和环境；_有“住宅，家”之意，强调房屋和居住点。例题5：填空1. family, house 与home My _ are very kind.He left _ for Beiji

25、ng.They lived in a small _._是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”；_ 是不可数名词，指工作、劳动、努力、用功2. job 与workSelling newspapers is his part-time _. He has been out of _.Li Ping wants to be a singer. She thinks its an interesting _._总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与之相搭配的动词是solve；_ 总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种“问题”是“有待回答的”，

26、常与动词answer连用。3. problem 与questionHe asked me some _.There is no _ that he is honest. _是“嗓音”；_是“吵闹声”，指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；_是指人所听到的自然界的任何声音4. voice, noise 与soundI recognized her _ at once.Dont make so much _.At the foot of the hill, you could hear nothing but the _ of the running water.名词中考题1. Let the childre

27、n go away. Theyre making too much _ here.A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds2. _comes from sheep and some people like eating it.A. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk3. Whats in the cupboard?- A few _, but little _.A. apples; coffee B. coffee; apples C. apple; coffees D. coffees; apple4. Bob told me that h

28、is next match was against _ team from another school.A. a girls' B. girl's C. the girls' D. girls'5. British people eat _ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways . A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken6. Its common _ that the Japanese eat Sushi. A. information B. knowledge C.

29、 direction D. instruction7. What do you know about _? - Line drawings that show how something works. A. pictures B. diagrams C. programmes D. paintings8. A human _ can do some things better than a computer, for example, creating new ideas. A. head B. body C. brain D. arm9. Look at the _, sir. The wh

30、ite shirt is larger than the yellow one. A. shirt B. size C. weight D. colour10. At the end of the volleyball match, our school_ won by 3:1.A. members B. group C. team D. fans11. I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a _ Aletter Bdictionary Cpostcard Dnotice六、名词1. There D_ some water in the bot