高考英语名词性从句专题复习(讲解 练习)_百度文库

1、专题三 名词性从句名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句, 它在句子中可作主语、 宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点,也是高考 考查的热点。一、名词性从句的分类名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其 连接词有 that, if, whether ;连接代词 who, what, which ;连接副词 when, where, how, why等。考查热点一:对主语从句的考查主语从句在复合句中充当主语,它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。但 为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下可用 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句置于 句尾。考查热点二:对宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句子中作及

2、物动词或介词的宾语。如果主句的谓语动词 是及物动 make, find, see, think等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后, 用 it 作形式宾语。 另外, 某些作表语的形容词, 如 sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。考查热点三:对表语从句的考查表语从句在句子中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。考查热点四:对同位语从句的考查同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词之后,进一步说明该名词所表示 的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有:fact, idea, news, promise, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope,

3、 problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。二、对名词性从句的考查应注意以下几点:考查热点五:考查名词性从句的语序和主从句时态名词性从句均应用陈述句语序,其时态要保持主从句时态一致性。 考查热点六:从语境和句子结构需要出发,选择合适的连词first(I 连词 that 和 what :that 无实际意义, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 只起连接主从句的作用;如 that 引导宾语从句,常可省略;如引导主语 从句、表语从句或同位语从句, that 不能省略。 What 引导名词性从句, 具有双重功能(既

4、是连词又在句中充当成分 ,它既可指人,也可指物。 用于人时, what=the person(sthat, 用于物时, what=the thing(sthat。 What 可以引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。(II 连词 whether 和 if :通常 whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句; 但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位词从句和介词后面的宾语从句以及 后面跟 or not时只能用 whether 而不能用 if 。(III 连词 whoever,whatever 和 whichever :这三个词均可引导主语 从句、宾语从句和表词从句,且在句中充当一定的成分。 Whoever

5、=no matter who (anyone who; whatever=no matter what (anything that; whichever= no matter which(anything that/ anyone who.(IV 考查其它的连接副词连接副词在主语从句中起连词作用,同时又在从句中充当一定的句 子成分。选用这些连接副词的关键是:所选的这个词必须符合句子的逻 辑要求。考查热点七:名词性从句中对 it 的考查为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下可用 it 作形式主语或宾语,而把主 语从句或宾语从句放到后面。考查热点八:名词性从句中的强调句型和感叹句考查热点九:名词性从句中的

6、插入成分(I 用于陈述句的插入语结构含 think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe 等动词的插入 语,直接疑问放在句子中间,不用逗号隔开。(II 用于疑问句的插入语结构含 think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe 等动词的疑问 句,后接含疑问词的宾语从句时,要将疑问词放在句首。考查热点十:名词性从句中的否定转移现象second当主句的主语为第一人称,且主句的及物动词为表示感知的动词, 如:think, suppose, guess, say , imagine, exp

7、ect, believe等时,常把对宾语 从句的否定放在主句中,如主句中的主语是第一人称单数 I 时,其反意 疑问句应跟从句变,并且主句中的否定转移到从句。考查热点十一:名词性从句中的虚拟语气在“ It is suggested/ required/ ordered/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ necessary/ strange/ +that从句”结构中, that 从句谓语有时用 (shoulddo这样的虚拟语气形式。【巩固性练习】从下列选项中选择最佳答案。1. is known to us all is that China has launched She

8、nzhou VII spaceship successfully.A. It B. AsC. What D. That2. What had at school him a great success?A. that; that B. it; thatC. that; which D. this; whichteacher says seems reasonable to why I the teacher teaches me.A. Whatever; This; whicheverB. No matter what; That; whateverC. Whatever; That; no

9、matter whatD. What; That; whateverafternoon.A. who B. thatC. as D. whichthirdA. when B. how C. where D. what6. After five hours' drive, they got thought was the place they had been dreaming of.A. where B. that C. which D. what7. Several weeks after the accident, the patient was able to carry out

10、 seemed to be a normal talk.A. what B. which C. that D. ithe can do more for the people.A. what B. why C. how D. ifthe hospital for a medical examination.A. why B. when C. whether D. What10. Some people are bom with the they are masters ofA. what; that B. that; whatC. that; / D. /;that11. How do you

11、 think I can make up with Jack? Set aside you disagree and try to find you have in common.A. what; what B. where; whatC. what; whether D. where; whether12. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the classA. why B. that C. where D. because13. He studied hard and later became a professor in

12、a well,knownA. that was what B. what was thatC. and which was D. which was whatfourth14. Was said or did that made her cry so sadly?A. that; which B. that; whatC. what; that D. what; what15. intercity railway plays an important role in China's railway history the topic that he is coming to?A. wh

13、at B. it C. this D. thatKeys: 1-5 CBDBA 6-10 DACBC 11-15 BBDCD【巩固练习】1. The fact has worried many earth is becoming wamer and warmer these years. (2009江西 A. what B. whichC. that D. though2. We should consider the students' school library provide more books on popular science. (2009重庆 A. that B. w

14、henC. which D. where3. The last time we had great fun were visiting the Water:Park. (2008天津 A. where B. howC. when D. why4.山东 A. It B. ThisC. What D. As5. News came from the school Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009四川 A. which B. whatC. that D.wherefifth6. The companies are working t

15、ogether to create they hope will be the' best means of transport in the 21st century. (2008北京 A. which B. thatC. what D. who7. Is there any could pick me up at the airport? No problem. (2009浙江 A. when B. thatC. whether D. what8. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to sav

16、e her life. (2009湖南 A. whichever B. howeverC. whatever D. whoever9. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months it got any better. (2009 北京 A. when B. how C. why D. ifover. (2009上海 A. since B. whatC. when D. whether【完成句子】1.The 那栋房子被烧毁 last night surprised everyone. (burndo

17、esn't make much difference. (he, abroad(他应该采取措施 in time. (measure4. No one can be (人类看上去将会是 什么样 in million years.(look(他们应该为将 为做好充分的准备 their future. (prepare, (我们是否去野营 tomorrow depends on the weather. (camp7. The school of the future will probably be quite different from (现在的样子 . (what8. His sug

18、gestion (我们要保护当地的环境 while developing economy is highly thought of by government.(protect (他们所拥有的共同之处 is that they are all independent. (common(我们不同意之处 . (disagreeKeys: I, 1-5 CACCC 6-10 CBCDDII. 1. that' the house was burnt down2. Whether he has been abroad or not3. that he (should take measures

19、4. what man will look like5. that they should get well prepared for6. Whether we'll go camping7. what they are today8. that we (should protect local environment9. What they have in common10. where I disagree1. (09天津卷 ,7 It is obvious to the students should get well prepared for their future.A. a

20、s B. which C. whether D. that2. (09 北京卷 , 31 At first he hated the new job but decided to give it got any better.A. when B. how C. why D. if3. (09陕西卷 wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 4. (09上海卷react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how

21、5. (08, 北京卷they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21 th century.A. which B. that C. what D. who6. (06, 全国卷we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what7. (08, 湖南卷 they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved!A. what B. why C. whom D. which8. (06, 北京卷

22、Could you do me a favor? It depends on it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 9. (07, 全国卷enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which10. (06, 上海春季 Doris' success lies in the is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why参考答案:1 5DDDDC 6 10DACAB1. (09全国

23、卷Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 2. (09 江苏卷 ,34 Many young people in the West are expected to leave marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what3. (09 安徽卷 ,27 A good friend of mine from I was bom showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A. how B.

24、whom C. when D. which4. (09四川卷 Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where5. (09 浙江卷，12Is there any possibility up at the airport ? No problem. A. when B. that C. whether you could pick me D. what 6. (09 重庆卷,31 We should consider the students' request the s

25、chool library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where 7. Would you please tell me A. whom 8. B. whomever you know is good at typing? C. whose D. whoever she was ill, I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me, for I didn't have much work experience. A.

26、 That if B. That C. If that D. If millions of 9. That art centre is tractors were made. A. what; where C. what; which 10. used to be a factory, B. where; where D. where; which more than 90% of makes the school famous is the students have been admitted to universities. A. What; because C. That; what

27、11. There is much chance time for the race. eleventh B. That; because D. What; that Bill will recover from his injury in A. that B. which C. until D. if it sets a good 12. The biggest reason I like the new rule is example to young athletes. A. how B. why C. that D. when 13. With his work completed,

28、the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased A. which he was a man of action. B. that C. what D. whether . 14. These shoes look very good, I wonder A. how much cost they are C. how much they cost 15. Does A. that B. how much do they cost D. how much are they cost matter if he can't

29、finish the job on time? B. when C. he 610ADAAD D. it 1115ACBCD 参考答案：15CDCCB 二、根据所给提示完成下列句子 16. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see (是谁,who 17. What the doctor really doubts is (我妈妈是否能康复，recover 18. I know nothing about the young lady (除了她来自北京,except 19. off the light. twelfth . . . ( 最后离开房间的

30、人，whoever ought to turn 20. boss. 参考答案： 16.who it is (你无论怎么小心，however won't satisfy the 17.whether my mother will recover 18.except that she comes from Beijing 19.Whoever keaves the room last 20.However carful you are 一、什么是表语（ predicative ） 在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是 什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表 语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、 性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表 语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的 -ing 、动词的 -ed 、从 句来充当，它常位于连系动词（ be, become, appear, seem 等）之后。 Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics. 二、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个