定语从句 (2)

1、定语从句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，我们叫先行词。定语从句要放在先行词的后面，对先行词起修饰限定的作用。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where，when，why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又做定语从句的一个成分。二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词例句that在从句中做主语或宾语指物A fish is an animal that lives in the water.The moon cakes that mother cook

2、ed taste nice.指人Who is the man that is reading a newspaper?The boy that was talked to yesterday is Jim.which在从句中做主语或宾语指物The silk which is produced in Suzhou sells well.The songs which the Backstreet Boys sang were very popular.Who，whom在从句中分别做主语和宾语，whose在从句中做定语指人The foreigner who visited our class ye

3、sterday is from Canada.The person whom you just talked with is our head teacher.I know the woman whose daughter studies in our school. 1. 由关系代词who引导的定语从句 关系代词who用来代替先行词为人的名词或代词，并在定语从句中充当主语，不可省略。此时，who不能译成“谁”，而是理解为所替代的先行词。e.g. Do you know the boy? He is always late for schoolDo you know the boy who i

4、s always late for school?你认识上学总迟到的那个男孩吗? 在上面的例句中，the boy被who引导的定语从句修饰，who代替the boy(指人)并在从句中作主语。 2由关系代词that引导的定语从句 关系代词that用来代替先行词为人、物的名词或代词并在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时，指人可与who替换，指物可与which替换，作宾语时可省略。e.g. The book is interestingIt cost me a lot of money这本书很有趣。它花了我很多钱。The book that(=which)cost me a lot of money is

5、 interesting.花了我很多钱的那本书很有趣。The hero is a PLA manHe saved me from the fire英雄是位解放军战士。他把我从火中救出来。The hero that(=who)saved me from the fire is a PLA man把我从火中救出来的英雄是位解放军战士。The book is well writtenI bought it yesterday那本书很好。我昨天买的。The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is well written我昨天买的那本书写得很好。 3. 由关系代词w

6、hich引导的定语从句关系代词which用来代替先行词为物的名词或代词，并在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时，指物可与that替换，作宾语时可省略。但如果作介词宾语，并且介词提前，则不能省略，也不可换为that。e.g. This is the room（which/that）I painted last week .（作宾语，可省略）这就是我昨天粉刷的房间。This is the magazine about which we were talking.=This is the magazine（which/that）we were talking about .这就是我们刚才谈论的那本杂志。4

7、. 由关系代词whom引导的定语从句。关系代词whom用来代替先行词为人名或代词，并在从句中作宾语，可省略。但如果作介词宾语，并且介词提前，则不能省略，也不可换为who。e.g. He is the man（whom）/（=who）I met in the street last week . 他就是我上星期在街上遇见的那个人。5. 关系代词that与which的区别【注】下列情况中选用that，不能用which。 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由ev

8、ery, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时e.g. (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you. 先行词被the last，the very，the only，the sam

9、e等修饰e.g. (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级所修饰。e.g. This is the most wonderful film that I have ever seen 先行词既指人又指物时。e.g. Look at the boy and his dog that are walking along riverside 先行词

10、为数词时。e.g. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the twothat are still alive. 主句是there be结构时。e.g. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时e.g. (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me

11、 most?三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词例句when在定语从句中做时间状语，指时间I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.where在定语从句中做地点状语，指地点Everyone wants to visit the place where Chairman Mao once worked.why在定语从句中做原因状语，指原因I dont know the reason why she didnt agree to our study plan.1关系副词when 引导的定语从句。 当先行词是“时间”时，并在句中作时间状语时，关系副词用when。Do you remember the day when we moved here?2. 关系副词where 引导的定语从句。 当先行词是“地点”时，并在句中作地点状语时，关系副词用where。