通用2015考博冲刺串讲

1、考博英语冲刺串讲课程词汇篇1. 词汇（形近词近义词同根词）主要考查词汇辨析2. 词组搭配3. 语法（动词名词形容词副词）完形填空篇七大做题一：固定搭配排查法固定搭配也称习惯用法，它形式多样，经常考查的内容有：动词后接介词或副词；名词或形容词后接介词、介词词组、名词词组和动词词组等。如果出一个未知填空与上下文的一些已知词汇可以固定搭配，只要从选项中选出固定搭配且意思合适的选项即可。例题：Memory26not only in humans but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain

2、 devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to comparethe memory storage capacity of a computer27that of a human being.27. A toB withCD for二：瞻前顾后法（重现、复现法）词汇的复现是指以某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现或重现得到了相互衔接。因此，某一空格所对应的可能从上下文中找到。我们可以浏览全文，瞻前顾后，根据这一有机的有名词、动词和形容词等。确定。考题中经常出现的重现或复现例题：In or

3、der to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to 41or refuse these permitsAn immigration official has the power to stop a visitor 49these shores cointo the country, if thi

4、s happens the visitor has the50toappeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. While the appeals are being considered, the visitor hasno choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time50. A honorB forceC rightD authority三：并行结构法（空间线索法）并行结构法是指两个或两个以上的同类或完全一样的词语以排比句式出现在文章中。两个并行结构的句子语法地位一样，又有某种逻辑。如果一个并行

5、结构的词语是已知的，考博英语冲刺串讲课程则可以根据这一线索另一未知。例题：Memory is 25 when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a sixyearold child learns to swing a baseball bat.25. A calledB takenC involvedD included四：去伪存真法（紧扣法）完形填空的选项中常有一些词汇从语法和逻辑上都可以

6、和已知搭配。此时，文章主题成为取舍的关键。这要求我们有一双“慧眼”，发现与意思一致的选项，排除无关或意思相反的选项。例题:In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to 41or refuse these permits, and there is little that can

7、be42about it, it wouldbe extremely unwise43a foreign visitor to work without a permit.42. AB doneC explainedD talked五：中心思想协调法（主线靠拢法）完形填空通常有明确的中心主线，作者会用一些具有相同倾向的（感彩、词性的变形等）词语或句子支持文章的中心思想。因此，正确理解文章的中心思想将成为解题的关键。例题：Theboom is by now a well-documented phenomenon. Who has not 41theMiddle Kingdoms astound

8、ing economic growth (8percent annually), its tremendous consumer market (1.2 billion annually), the investment enthusiasm of foreign suitor (40 billion in foreigndirect investment last year _42 )?42. A aloneB asideC alongD lonely六：逻辑推理法完形填空的句与句之间，段与段之间通常会语来引导。因此，分析前后文或上下文的逻辑一定的逻辑并有一些连词或连词短即可确定此类题目的。

9、例题：Satellite, wireless, and cable-based electronic fund transfersthe hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is _35_ central to the idea of an emerging “worldwide mind”. Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds, the worldeconomy would grind to a h

10、alt.35 A soB neverthelessC thereafterD therefore小结：逻辑连接词和过渡词1.表示时间：since, ever since, from then on, soon after, afterward, until, in the me meanwhile, at the same time, etc.,2.表示列举：firstly, secondly, finally, next, last, also, for example, for instance, such as result, etc表示让步与转折: but, however, yet,

11、 instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although,3.考博英语冲刺串讲课程even though, in spite of, despite etc.表示因果:because , for, due to, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as, as a result, etc表示比较与对比：like, likewise, similarly, equally, conversely, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast

12、 etc表示补充说明：furthermore, moreover, what is more, besides, in addition etc.4.5.6.七：背景知识利用法完形填空的内容经常涉及到日常生活常识。此时，要帮助解题。利用背景知识或常识来增强理解，例题：When taking aspirin for heart attack, 49 the plain, uncoated variety. For even faster adsorption, crush and mix with a little water. Speed of absorption is critical b

13、ecause most heartattack deaths, occur 50the first few hours after chest pain strikes.50. A forB alongC withinD except阅读理解篇阅读解题思路及技巧两遍阅读法两遍做题法1看题干1） 关注题干中关键性名词2） 尽量多的记忆题干2第一遍阅读文章1） 精读论点泛读论据2） 标记强逻辑词3） 标记“实际上”的词4）标记似乎是的句子3 总结中心4第二遍阅读文章精读出题处，即回文定位处句子（五大解题技巧）5做题1） 正向做题法2） 逆向做题法（排除法）五大题型及五大解题技巧考博英语冲刺串讲课程

14、（一）五大题型细节题推理题词义语义词作者观点态度题主旨题（二）五大解题技巧细节题（1） 特征 according toTrue or NOT true EXCEPT（2） 做题技巧 回文定位 原文中的一句话题干正确选项（3） 正确选项的特点可以在文章中直接或间接找到，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的思想。如：原文重，选项用肯定的句式；进行同义词替换或句子结构的变换；或原文与选项互换反义词等等。这只是词语和句法上的变化，意思是一致的。模式为：题干+正确选项的值原文中某句的值。体现中心思想，有很多正确选项刚好在段落主旨句中。在细节的因果果的。（4）干扰项的特点处常常

15、命题，正确为其产生或主要，也有少量部分正确，部分错误。是原文，但不是题目要求的内容，如：根据题干中的定位到段落，若选项中出现这个范围之外其他段落的内容必错。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度上有些变动，如：将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化，或偷梁换柱改动一些。明显不是文章的，与文中事实相反或不符。例：Theent Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeksa distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant one

16、 ones (carcinos).41. According to the passage, theA. called cancer the crabent Egyptians.B. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumorsWhen restoration is completed later this year, the painting will be the centerpi

17、ece of the new考博英语冲刺串讲课程Gettysburg battlefield visitors center, which opens to the public on April 14. Much work remains to be done. But even partially restored, the painting seethes with life-and death.35. According to the passage, what about restoration?A.B.C.D.It is illusory in depiction. It is a

18、 perfect restoration. It is a modified version. It is incredibly lifelike.推理题（1） 特征题干中常有 infer, imply, suggest, deduce, conclude 等词出现（2） 做题技巧 回文定位推理引申（不推不行推过不行推一步，体会言外之意）（3） 正确选项的特点不是文中明确说明的内容，因为即使符合原文，没有引申推理就不是正确选项如果四个选项全能凭常识选项，其中含义深刻的是正确选项，有时唯一不是常识项的是正确（4） 干扰项的特点只是原文的简单复述，而非推理出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理看似从原

19、文推断出来的结论，实际上与原文不符，例如把原文的变成了选项中的结果，把原文的变成了选项中的目的根据常识是正确的不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点，因此，想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生揣摩作者考生要注意不能根据意图的能力的虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头，概括过度有部分选项的内容纯属编造例：There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational

20、and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, whichis more importn this technology-driven era.One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained

21、violence.They also said, “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they havebetter graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game考博英语冲刺串讲课程Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by

22、the time all levels are compelled. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tries and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees andbeg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”43. It can be inferred fr

23、om the passage that.A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC. there are now more incidents of violence because of computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violenceSix mill

24、ion Americans have now used the drug, including hundreds of infants in a clinical trialdesigned to test Keteks effectivenessear infections.40. It can be implied from the passage that Keteks.A.helps lose weightB.helps improve memoryC.treats ear problemsD.abused his wife and children at home词义句意题（1） 特

25、征题干中“”(line xx, para xx)（2） 做题技巧 回文定位定位处前后各看一句话（3） 正确选项特点词义题中，不是熟悉的常规含义考博英语冲刺串讲课程句意题中，正确选项不含有意义过于绝对化的词语，而是使用不肯定语气词或意刻。释深（4） 干扰项特点与所考词汇形似如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的是错误选项根据命题原则，正确选项使用与原文过多相同的字眼，因此对句子的解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一定是错误的。例：Some analysts have commended todays young people for increased commitment to voluntee

26、r work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schoolsrequire commuapplications.service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college22. The italicized word “commended” (Line1, Para3) means.A. praiseB. criticizedC. recommendedD. disfavoredIn Europ

27、e there is a degree of acceptance that, sooner or later, the world may have to dealwith a nuclear-armed Iran. Some in the Bush administration though, regard that prospeevenmoorrendous than the consequences of attacking Iran, which may include more instability inIraq and elsewhere, more terrorism and

28、 the disruption of oil from the Persian Gulf.25. The word “that prospect” means.A.B.C.D.American military action on Iran setback in Irans nuclear programan Iran armed with nuclear weapons Americas threat in Irans weapons作者观点态度题（1） 特征题干中出现 authors attitude/idea/opinion/tone 等词出现（2） 做题技巧一定选项的三类：漠不关心类：

29、indifferent, uninterested考博英语冲刺串讲课程偏见类：biased, prejudiced, partial, subjective, scornful中立类：neutral, detached（3） 解答态度观点题应注意两点1）区别作者态度与其他人的态度。问文中对某事物的态度归入事实细节题。2）选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定或的形容词，而改为带有程度限制的形容词。带 有 绝 对 化 或 过 于 强 烈 的 表 示 态 度 的 词 必 错 ， 如strong/complete/entire/enthusiastic 等。而有保留的态度比较客观，因此通常是正确选项，如/qu

30、alified/tempered/guarded/consent 等例：Franklins life is full of charstories which all young men should know-how hepeddled ballads in Boston.He built American-for what our Republic is today is largely due to the prudence, theforethought, the statesmanship, the enterprise, the wisdom, and the ability of

31、 Benjamin Franklin.He belongs to the world, but especially does he belong to American.12. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe the authors feeling towardsFranklin?A. Jealous.B. Emotionless.C. Flattering.D. Admiring.People once thought of the languages of back groups as undevelop

32、ed. While it is possible thatlanguage in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of“backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages ofuncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex.25. The

33、 authors attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is .A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute主旨题（1） 特征题干中出现main idea/topic/title/mainly about 等词（2） 做题技巧1） 过大不选考博英语冲刺串讲课程2） 过小不选（3） 正确选项特点1) 不出现细节2) 不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词（4） 干扰项特点1)2)3)以偏概全，只是文章的细枝末节，不能涵盖全文内容出现细节性的名词过于笼统例：Some Afric

34、an Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing manypeoples view on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans whohave shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.35. Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A. L

35、ife of famous African AmericansB. Influence of famous African AmericansC. Political pioneers: Icons and intellectualsD. Cultural pioneer: Icons and intellectualsVarious innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forcess through a series of identical classrooms in which te

36、achers do most of the talking ands have little opportuto respond. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instructionmore precisely to the needs of each individual.46. The author is mainly concerned with.A. providing the possibility fors to take the courses they wantB. making technology an acti

37、ve tool in the schoolC. relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD. meeting the needs of each考博英语冲刺串讲课程翻译篇英译汉一、重译法在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语；否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语的就叫重译法。1、英语里两个动词一个宾语，在翻译时要重复宾语We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。2、英语中的省略Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of a

38、dmiration.无知是恐惧的根源，也是敬佩的根源。3、被定语从句修饰的名词有时在翻译中要重复We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。二、增译法增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的词。1、I am looking forward to the holidays.我在等待假日的到来。2、Histories ma

39、ke men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，辞之学使人善辩。使人庄重，逻辑修3、ing make a full man; conference ay man; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。三、减译法指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文虽无其词已有其意，或在译文中是不言而喻的

40、。换句话说，减词就是减去一些可有可无的，有了反而累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词语。但减词并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。考博英语冲刺串讲课程1、He glanced at his watch; it was 7:30.他看了表，七点半。2、She laid her hand gently on his arm as if to thank him for it.她把手轻轻地放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。3、If winter comes, can spring be far冬天来了，春天还远吗？?4、On Sundays we have no school.礼拜天我们不上学。5、If you gi

41、ve him an inch, he will take a得寸进尺。.四、词类转移法1、名词转换为动词Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.各国制度不同,但不应妨碍彼此接近与相互合作.There is a big increase in demand for al

42、l kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前我国各地对各种消费品的需要量已大大增加.What kind of sailor are you?你晕不晕船?(be bad sailor 晕船,be a good sailor 不晕船)No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到 36 年前的往事.2、动词

43、转换为名词To them, heified the absolute power.在他们的眼里，他是绝的化身。考博英语冲刺串讲课程Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们的是深刻的变化的.The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。3、介词转换为动词She opened the window to let the fresh air in.她打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。Out of al

44、l the glorious tales written about the US revolution for independence from Britainthe fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.读遍了关于为摆脱英治争取而进行的堂皇，也不容第一个为而牺牲的原来是。五、词序调整法1、短语翻译All Party resolutions党的一切决议（不能译成：一切党的决议）Heart-war暖人心的Can we forgethese enemies a g

45、rand and global alliance, North and South, East andWest, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind?我们能不能在东南西北各地建立起一个对付这些敌人的全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰裕的生活？2、句子翻译He is not happy, though he is rich.他虽富有，但不。Never have we seen so bright a future before us.我们从来都没有看见过这样光明的前途。There are many wonderful stori

46、es to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.我们了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着哩。考博英语冲刺串讲课程六、正反译，反正译为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的说法，或把原文中的说法变成译文中的肯定说法。1、Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.我们的人民无愧于伟大的人民的称号。2、He tries his best to overcome the lack of techn

47、ical data.他尽力克服技术资料的不足。3、I dont think Tom is correct.我认为不对。4、Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲踢出西方主义并不是为了请进其他新的主子。（否则：非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的主子。）七、分译法主要用语对于长句的翻译，为了使译文忠实、易懂，有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或的句子，除了句子外，某些词语也会采用分译。1、单词分译She had such a kindly, smiling, tende

48、r, gentle, generous heart of her own.她心地厚道，性格温柔可人，器量又大，为人又乐观。There was in the old library at Queens Crawley a considerable provision of works of lightliterature of the last century, both in the French and English languages.的书房里，有不少 18 世纪的书籍，有英文的，也有法文的，在的都是些轻松的读物。And in their further disputes she alw

49、ays returned to this point, “Get me a situationwe hateeach other, and I amy to go.”从此以后他们每拌一次嘴,她就回到老题目,说道:”给我找个事情,反正你恨我我嫌你,我愿意走.”2、句子分译(1)定语从句:前置定语;句子或另一种从句(如状语从句等)Well, theres never anything happened in my family Im ashamed of.嘿,我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for convers

50、ation with a woman, who was now考博英语冲刺串讲课程more than usually insolent and disagreeable.不肯再和这样一个女人说话,这个女人现在异常无礼,十分令人句子)。(They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spcountry.all the more furiously throughout the他们企图扑灭反抗,结果反抗愈来愈猛,遍及全国。(状语从句)(2) 一个长句包含多步逻辑推理Thus it happened that when the new factories tha

51、t were springing up required labor, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with their wives and children, were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive.于是,就出现了这样的情况,正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者，携妻带儿，被迫流

52、入城市；他们要找活干，不管什么活，不讲什么条件，只要不让他们就行。八、合译法Their lodgings were not long a secret, and at length they began to know the officers themselves.Mr. Philips visited them all, and this opened to his nieces a source of felicity unknownbefore.军官们的住宅就让大家知道了，再后来们就直接跟他们搞熟了，飞利浦先生一一拜访了那些军官，这真是替她的姨侄女们开辟了一道意想不到的泉。源九、语态变

53、换法语态指主动语态和语态，英语大量使用语态，而汉语则很少使用，即便使用，也不像英语那样有固定或比较统一的形式。譬如说，汉语的不只是一个“被”字表示。因此在英汉互译中，要经常变换语态。1、A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be d to anyone who uses the system.把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量。2、Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear

54、power station reactor.有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。3、Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.自从第一颗试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子能可利用。英汉互译中语态变化的一些规则一、英语句译成汉语主动句，是最常见的考博英语冲刺串讲课程1、原文主语仍译作主语The oil of the world will have been used up, and man will be using

55、the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子获得的这种更为方便的动力。2、原文主语译作宾语If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.如果预计天气恶劣，天气预机场。员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的3、译成带表语的主动句How can a series of motionless, or st