大学英语四级讲座之写作

1、大学英语四级讲座大学英语四级讲座之写作之写作文章框架：文章框架： Introduction Topic sentence Main Body Supporting sentences一二三原那么一二三原那么 Examples Conclusion文章构造：总、分、总文章构造：总、分、总2020/12/32材料的组织方法材料的组织方法v 题型题型 文章线索文章线索 组材方法组材方法 现象解释现象解释 现象存在的合理性现象存在的合理性 描述现象描述现象阐述原因阐述原因表明观点表明观点问题解决问题解决 兼顾问题涉及的各方面，圆满解兼顾问题涉及的各方面，圆满解决问题决问题 提出问题提出问题 分析问题分

2、析问题 解决问题解决问题 对比选择对比选择 权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊 1）分析观点一的利弊）分析观点一的利弊 观点二观点二的利弊的利弊 做出最佳选择做出最佳选择2）两观点各自的优点）两观点各自的优点 各自的不各自的不足足做出选择做出选择 观点论证观点论证 证明观点的正确性证明观点的正确性表明观点表明观点 论证观点论证观点 得出结论得出结论 2020/12/33四级作文段落四级作文段落 题型题型 第一段第一段 第二段第二段 第三段第三段 现象解释现象解释 描述现象描述现象 说明现象产生的原因说明现象产生的原因表明个人的观点态度或阐表明个人的观点态度或阐述个人的做法

3、述个人的做法 问题解决问题解决 指出问题指出问题 分析问题，给出解决方案分析问题，给出解决方案 表明个人的观点态度或阐表明个人的观点态度或阐述个人的做法述个人的做法 对比选择对比选择 表明一方或双方的观点表明一方或双方的观点 表明另一方的观点及理由表明另一方的观点及理由/指出双方观点的不足及理指出双方观点的不足及理由由 表明个人的观点或阐述个表明个人的观点或阐述个人的做法人的做法 观点论证观点论证 提出论点提出论点例证论点例证论点 得出结论得出结论/表明个人看法表明个人看法/做做法法 2020/12/34现象阐释型现象阐释型题目多是社会问题题目多是社会问题提出：现象提出：现象What)要求：分

4、析要求：分析 (Why)结论：解决结论：解决 (How)第一段第一段 1引话题引话题 2承上启下承上启下第二段第二段 1主题句主题句 2原因原因+举例举例第三段第三段 总结总结2020/12/35v2003.1It Pays to Be Honest v1. 当前社会上存在许多 不老实的现象 2. 老实利人利已，做人应该老实2020/12/36第一段第一段 陈述现象不老实陈述现象不老实+举例举例第二段第二段 分析现象分析现象 1不老实的害处不老实的害处 2老实的好处老实的好处 3小结句小结句(老实有回报老实有回报)第三段第三段 1总结做人应该老实总结做人应该老实2020/12/37vAltho

5、ugh honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams. 2020/12/38vDishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at the beginning,

6、 but customers wont buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison.2020/12/39vBy contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell the truth or keep promise not only make others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Since the

7、y are trustable and respectable, everyone would be eager to make friends with them, so they are sure to have a lot of friends. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job2020/12/310vGenerally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that an

8、yone who is honest would be paid back later. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. Therefore it is important that we should be honest .2020/12/311v写作模板：写作模板：vAvNowadays _ is a common phenomenon in society. For example,_. _ do more (good) than (harm) to us. vFor one thing, _ . For another

9、, _ . vIn summary, / In a word, it is more valuable _ . 2020/12/312vBvRecently _ has aroused public concern. It has both _ and _._ do more (good) than (harm) to us. vOn the one hand,_ . vOn the other hand, _ . vFrom what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _ .20

10、20/12/313现象解释十二句作文模板一现象解释十二句作文模板一v1.Recently,_. 描绘现象，引出话题。v2.What amaze us most is_. 表现较典型的一个方面。v3.It is true that _. 对现象做出评论。v4.There are many reasons is _. 承上启下，解释这一现象的原因。v5.The main reason is _. 说明原因一。v6.What is more,_. 原因二。v7.Thirdly ,_. 原因三。v8.As a result _. 讲述导致的结果。v9.Considering all these ,_.

11、 作者的态度。v10.For one thing ,_. 观点一。v11.For another ,_. 观点二。v12.In conclusion ,_. 总结全文。2020/12/314现象解释十二句作文模板二现象解释十二句作文模板二 1.As is known to all,_. 摆明现象 2._seems to get accustomed to _. 讲明事实，空格内填入people等 3.In fact ,_. 说明发生的本质变化 4.The reasons of _lie in several aspects. 引起下文，讲明原因 5.Firstly ,_. 原因一 6.Seco

12、ndly,_. 原因二 7.Thirdly ,_. 原因三 8.Finally ,_ . 原因四 9.As a matter of fact ,_. 说明作者的观点 10.On the one hand , _. 支持着一观点的理由一 11.On the other hand ,_. 支持理由二 12.Therefore ,_. 得出结论2020/12/315现象解释十二句作文模板三现象解释十二句作文模板三1.Nowadays ,_. 说明现象说明现象2.For one thing ,_. 支持这一道理的一个方面支持这一道理的一个方面3.For another ,_. 另一方面另一方面4.It

13、 is obvious _. 说明现象具有典型的一方面说明现象具有典型的一方面5.Many remarkable factor contribute to_. 说明原因，引起下文说明原因，引起下文6.First of the all ,_. 产生这一现象的原因产生这一现象的原因7.In addition ,_. 原因二原因二8.Thirdly ,_. 原因三原因三9.As to me ,_. 作者的观点作者的观点10.as we know ,_, 支持这一观点的理由一支持这一观点的理由一11.Besides ,_. 支持这一观点理由二支持这一观点理由二12.In a word ,_. 结论。结

14、论。 2020/12/316vUseful sentences:vNever in history has the issue of been more visible than vNowhere in the world has the problem of been as evident asvNow there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity of 2020/12/317vNow, people in growing number are beginning / coming to realize that vR

15、ecently the problem / issue / question of has been brought to public attentionvRecently the problem / issue / question of has caused/ aroused worldwide concernvhas become a hot topic, and heated debates are right on their way.2020/12/318v演练题目演练题目v Restore Our Traditional Festivalsv如今有很多年轻人更喜欢过西方节日如今

16、有很多年轻人更喜欢过西方节日v这种现象的原因是这种现象的原因是v我们对待西方节日的态度是我们对待西方节日的态度是vFast Foodv1. 快餐在中国非常流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最正确反映。快餐在中国非常流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最正确反映。v2. a. 快餐受欢送有两条原因快餐受欢送有两条原因 v b. 然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意 v3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品味为宜。对快餐还是以偶尔品味为宜。vOnline Educationv1.目前网络教育形成热潮目前网络教育形成热潮v2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是我认为这股热潮的的原因是v3.我对网络教育的评

17、价我对网络教育的评价2020/12/319问题对策型问题对策型v题目社会问题或大学生面临的实际问题题目社会问题或大学生面临的实际问题v(1). 阐述问题阐述问题/提出问题提出问题v(2). 问题形成的原因问题形成的原因/解决问题的方法解决问题的方法v(3). 我的看法我的看法/做法做法2020/12/320v1997.6Getting to Know the world Outside the Campusv1.大学生理解社会的必要性。 v2.理解社会的途径群众媒介，社会效劳等。 v3.我打算怎么做。2020/12/321v第一段第一段 v 1)引出话题必要性引出话题必要性 2支持句支持句 必

18、要性原因必要性原因v第二段第二段v 1主题句主题句 途径途径 2一二三原那么一二三原那么v第三段第三段 v 解决段自己做法解决段自己做法2020/12/322Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus With our society developing at an unprecedented speed, getting to know the world outside the campus has become an indispensable part for college students. On one hand, it will

19、keep the students informed with the updated information beyond the books and classes; on the other hand, it will enable the students to adapt to the society more easily after graduation. 2020/12/323vStudents can gain access to the world outside the campus through the following means. Firstly, commun

20、ication with seniors and friends, including parents, relatives, teachers etc. Secondly, various media such as radio, TV, newspapers and mostly importantly, the Internet. Last but not the least, taking part-time jobs or acting as voluntary workers. 2020/12/324vAs for me, a student who is about to gra

21、duate from college soon, I will commit myself to broadening my horizon through the media, especially the Internet, and communication with people from all walks of life. In addition, I will grasp every opportunity to practice my professional skills for my future career. 2020/12/325v写作模板写作模板vA.vSometi

22、mes we find there are really many problems / difficulties in _. Then how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first, _. Secondly, _. Thirdly, _ . Last, _. After a period of painstaking efforts, I feel that _ . 2020/12/326vB.vThese days we often hear that _ . vThere are some possible re

23、asons for that. In the first place, _. In the second place, _. vTo solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as _ to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.2020/12/327vUseful sentences:vNow people are incre

24、asingly aware / conscious of .vRecently the problem of has been in the limelight.vGenerally speaking, the major reasons for can be listed as follows, .2020/12/328vObviously / Apparently, several reasons contribute to / account for .vIt is high time that quick / necessary action / steps / measures sh

25、ould be taken to vWe should try every means to .vMany things can contribute to solving the problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 2020/12/329v演练题目演练题目:vOn Power Failurev1.很多城市严重缺电很多城市严重缺电v2.分析原因分析原因v3.提出解决方法提出解决方法vGreen Olympicsv1. 年中国要举办一次绿色奥运会年中国要举办一次绿色奥运会v2. 为什么要提倡为什么要提倡“绿色奥运绿色奥运v

26、3. 如何为绿色奥运做准备如何为绿色奥运做准备2020/12/330比照选择型比照选择型v题目权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊题目权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊v(1). 一些人对待某一事物的观点是一些人对待某一事物的观点是v(2). 另外一些人对待该事物的态度是另外一些人对待该事物的态度是v(3). 我的看法我的看法v1分析观点一的利弊分析观点一的利弊分析观点二的利弊分析观点二的利弊做出选择做出选择v2分析两种观点各自的优点分析两种观点各自的优点分析两种观点各自的缺乏分析两种观点各自的缺乏做出选择做出选择2020/12/331 95.1.Can Money Buy Happiness? 有人认为金

27、钱是幸福之本 (source of happiness)2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 (root of all evil)3. 我的看法2020/12/332vCan money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their m

28、inds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think, is the source of happiness.2020/12/333vBut there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because

29、 they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that cant be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it.2020/12/334vI think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy hap

30、piness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money

31、 is necessary for a happy life, it cant buy happiness.2020/12/335v写作模板：写作模板：vA.vPeoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to _ for the following reasons. Firstly,_ . Secondly, _.vOther people, however, take a different attitude that _. On the one hand,_ . On the o

32、ther hand, _.vMy own point of view is that _ , because _.Also,_. So _.2020/12/336vB. v_ has become a hot topic among people, and heated debates are right on their way. Quite a few people think _ . It sounds good because _ .vOn the contrary, there is a universally acknowledged saying that _.To them,

33、_v In my opinion, _. For one thing，_. For another, _ . Hence, _.2020/12/337vUseful sentences:vDifferent people hold different opinions about Some take it for granted that But others take an opposite idea that vPeoples views about vary from person to person. Some people say that While others think th

34、at vIn the face of Some people take the position that . Some people come to believe that 2020/12/338vThere is no consensus一致一致 of opinions among people as to the view of . Some people suggest that While some others argue that .vAs far as I am concerned, vWhen it comes to me, .vThere are two main rea

35、sons why I am opposed to / in favor of the first/second view. vThrough the discussion mentioned above, we may draw the conclusion that 2020/12/339v演练题目：演练题目：vShould Private Cars Be Encouraged?v1.私人购车已成为一种时尚，很多人认为应该鼓励人们购置私家车私人购车已成为一种时尚，很多人认为应该鼓励人们购置私家车v2.也有很多人认为不应鼓励私人购车也有很多人认为不应鼓励私人购车v3.我的看法我的看法vWhat

36、 Should College Students Do？v1.很多人认为大学生应多参加校内外活动，锻炼各种才能最重要，学习只要能到达根本要求就行。很多人认为大学生应多参加校内外活动，锻炼各种才能最重要，学习只要能到达根本要求就行。v2.也有很多人认为大学生的首要任务就是学习，就业后再锻炼才能也不晚。也有很多人认为大学生的首要任务就是学习，就业后再锻炼才能也不晚。v3. 你给大学生的建议是你给大学生的建议是2020/12/340观点论证观点论证/论说反驳型论说反驳型v论证观点的正确性v说明观点-论证观点-得出结论v (1). 阐述观点v (2). 举例证明v (3). 重述主题2020/12/3

37、4197.1Practice Makes Perfect 1. 怎样理解“熟能生巧？ 2. 例如：在英语学习中 3. 又如2020/12/342 Practice Makes PerfectThe famous saying “Practice makes perfect is widely accepted today. It means if we practice unfamiliar things again and again, well be able to perform it perfectly.2020/12/343vThe practice of learning Engl

38、ish is a good example. We are not living in an English speaking country. So, in order to learn it well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, going to English corners, or communicating with foreigners. Only sitting at the desk cannot lead to the mastery of English.2020/12/344vAs ano

39、ther example, if we want to be skilled in using the computer, we also need to practice using it. Some children become little experts in computer, just because they play with it everyday. On the contrary, if we just stick to books, we will still feel confused when using computers. vJudging from the e

40、vidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that practice makes perfect.2020/12/345v写作模板：写作模板：vA famous old saying goes that_ . It means that_ .vI have had such experiences for many times._ is a good example. _. Another case in point is _.vWhatever you do, please remember_ . If you understa

41、nd it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 2020/12/346v演练题目演练题目:vNothing is Impossiblev1.中国有句老话中国有句老话, “世上无难事，只怕有心人世上无难事，只怕有心人.v2.举例证明举例证明v3.事情的成功往往取决于人的态度事情的成功往往取决于人的态度vHope Project v1.希望工程对于渴望教育而又上不起学的孩子来说意义非凡希望工程对于渴望教育而又上不起学的孩子来说意义非凡v2.举例说明举例说明v3.我的观点我的观点20

42、20/12/347v“四步定位法四步定位法v一定中心：一个中心一定中心：一个中心v二定方法：讲道理、摆事实二定方法：讲道理、摆事实v三定构造：三定构造：v 开头起、中间承、转、结尾开头起、中间承、转、结尾 合合v四定句式：简单句四定句式：简单句并列句并列句(加并列连词加并列连词)复合句复合句(加表示逻辑关系的连词或代词等加表示逻辑关系的连词或代词等)拓展句拓展句(加非谓语等构造加非谓语等构造)。2020/12/348v写作写作“四步定位法实例讲解四步定位法实例讲解 vWill E-books replace traditional books?v1). 随着信息技术的开展，电子图书越来越多随着

43、信息技术的开展，电子图书越来越多v2). 有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是v3). 我的看法我的看法2020/12/349v一定中心：一定中心： “Will Ebooks replace traditional books-Yes or No 比照选择型比照选择型v二定方法：可以先讲道理，再举例二定方法：可以先讲道理，再举例 v三定构造：提纲有三点要求，三定构造：提纲有三点要求，v1.“提出问题提出问题v2.“分析问题分析问题(分析别人的观点分析别人的观点)v3.“分析问题分析问题(提出自己的观点，并作简单论证提出自己的观点，并作简单论证)v即：引出

44、话题、别人的观点、自己的观点三个段落。即：引出话题、别人的观点、自己的观点三个段落。2020/12/350vPara. 1：Introduction: ubiquitous普遍存在的普遍存在的 E-books nowadays/E-books become more popularv Reasons: the development of information technology (IT)v Examples: E-products/e-based productse-mails, e-tickets2020/12/351vPara. 2：Some people s view: E-boo

45、ks will replace traditional books. Reasons: advantages of E-books; disadvantages of traditional books Examples: reading online without payment; immediate reading newly headline information2020/12/352vPara. 3：(possible version 1) My view: agreeReasons: advantages of E-books; (convenient and accessibl

46、e; easily storing and place-saving; easy-reading; environment protection)Examples: bamboo-based books replaced by paper-based books2020/12/353vPara. 3：(possible version 2) My view: disagreeReasons: advantages of traditional booksExamples: reading traditional books is good for eyes/healthy2020/12/354

47、vPara. 3：(possible version 3)My view: (neither totally agree nor totally disagree) coexistReasons: both has its advantages of existingExamples: young people like E-books, while the old like traditional books;coexisting of camera and painting2020/12/355vPossible version 1：agreevWith the developing of

48、 information technology, we are living in an e-era, where E-based products have become more and more popular. E-mails, e-tickets and e-books have played a growing role in our daily life, while paper-based materials, such as traditional books, are suffering a great loss of their readers.2020/12/356vS

49、ome people believe that E-books will replace the traditional books eventually because of its obvious advantages. Firstly, they are convenient and accessible. You can read so many kinds of interesting e-books without paying any money just if you have a computer connecting to the internet. Secondly, r

50、eading e-books has developed into part of our daily life. We can easily get latest headline information just by clicking a mouse gently without hearing noise made by frequently thumbing pages.2020/12/357vAs far as Im concerned, I share the same opinion with above persons. Besides the reasons offered

51、 by them, E-books are so beneficial for forest protection that they are greatly helpful in saving energy and protecting environment. Just as bamboo-based books were put an end by history, traditional books will lose its all readers and disappear in the future.2020/12/358vPossible version 2：disagree(

52、前两段同上前两段同上)vAs for me, a long-time book worm, its not likely for E-books to replace traditional books. There are enough reasons which make traditional books survive. For example, long time of reading E-books will do harm to our eyes, and readers will find themselves more accessible to printed materi

53、als because of unpopularity of computers and the internet to every corner of our life.2020/12/359vPossible version 3：co-exist (前两段同上前两段同上)vFrom my perspective, I firmly believe e-books can not take the traditional books place totally. They will unquestionably co-exist for a long period. Although the

54、 e-books offer us lots of favorable consequences, the traditional books can provide us opportunities to take note on them and to be easy for collection. Therefore, e-books and traditional books are preferable to different people, and both of them can bring us benefits.2020/12/360v定位法模板定位法模板v第一段：第一段：

55、 There is no denying the fact that 陈述现象，引起话题陈述现象，引起话题vTo begin with， 主题展开句主题展开句1vWhats more， 主题展开句主题展开句2v第二段：第二段：There are many reasons accounting for 承上启下，解释原因承上启下，解释原因vThe main reason is 原因原因1vFurthermore,原因原因2vThe last but not the least, 原因原因3vAs a result, 讲述导致的结果讲述导致的结果2020/12/361v第三段第三段：vAs far

56、 as Im concerned, 作者态度作者态度vFor one thing, 观点一观点一vFor another, 观点二观点二vIn conclusion, 结论结论2020/12/362v(.12) Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags v1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题造成的问题3.限制使用的意义限制使用的意义v For many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market,

57、 and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life. 2020/12/363vHowever, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and Ill just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable i

58、n the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of p

59、lastic bags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags dont meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health. 2020/12/364vThe negative effects of the plastic bags are far serious than what Ive mentioned

60、 above, so its high time the government issued strict laws and measures to stop using the bags. By so doing, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations. 2020/12/365vModel answer 2:vWith its great advantage of convenie