高中英语语法复习专题——非谓语教案资料

1、高中英语语法复习专题非谓语 找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。不要班门弄斧。1哪些是动词的谓语形式？哪些是动词的谓语形式？ dont teach，谓语动词否定式，谓语动词否定式 2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的记忆力。他以前有很好的记忆力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。1 h

2、ad，谓语动词过去式，谓语动词过去式 would be，附加情态动词的动词原形，附加情态动词的动词原形 4. Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播速度快得多。光比声音传播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 当问到原因时，就保持沉默。当问到原因时，就保持沉默。1 travels，谓语动词单数形式，谓语动词单数形式 keep，动词原形，动词原形 6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。总

3、统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。1 was welcomed，动词的被动形式，动词的被动形式1 谓语动词的形式包括谓语动词的形式包括主动主动句各种句各种时态时态下的谓下的谓语形式和语形式和被动被动句各种句各种时态时态下的谓语形式下的谓语形式。也就是说谓语动词应该有完整的也就是说谓语动词应该有完整的_ _ 和和_ 非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。语法功能的动词。 时态时态语态语态 Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at

4、 once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my

5、father is Mr. Wang.7. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother.8. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）学习指导（学习指导（learners Guide）顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词。非谓语动词的构成和用法并不简单，由词。非谓语动词的构成和用法并不简单，由于汉语中并没有

6、谓语动词的形式变化也就不于汉语中并没有谓语动词的形式变化也就不存在谓语动词和非谓语动词之分，所以中国存在谓语动词和非谓语动词之分，所以中国学生学起来存在语言差异上的障碍。学生学起来存在语言差异上的障碍。非谓语动词主要分为三种非谓语动词主要分为三种: : 不定式不定式、动名词动名词和分词分词（现在分词和过去分词）（现在分词和过去分词） 非谓语不定式不定式过去分词过去分词(v-ed)动名词动名词分词分词现在现在分词分词(v-ing)(to do)(v-ing)学前诊断（学前诊断（Pre-test）1.I am used to _ (get) up early.2._ (not receive) a

7、 reply, I sent her an e-mail again.3.All the teachers consider her _ (be) the best teacher.4. His brother is said _ (study) in the US, where he received a doctors degree.5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ (not make) it more difficult.6. The young man, _ (make) several attem

8、pts to beat the world record in high jumping.Not having receivedgettingto beto have studiednot to makehaving made7. Bob works hard. He is often seen _(sweat) heavily before his teammates have arrived at practice.8. Why dont you try to do that kind of work? I cant risk _ (do) something new now.9. _ (

9、get)out of the difficult situation, the restaurant is now making efforts to improve the quality of service.10.My shoes are worn. They need _ (repair).11. _ (expose) to sunlight for so much time, his skin got badly hurt.12.Do you find it necessary for us _ (learn) at least a foreign language? sweatin

10、gdoingTo getrepairing/to be repairedExposedto learn13. What do you think of this film? Its very funny. I think its worth_（see）.14. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very and I think he means _(make) trouble.15. _ (give) more time, I would have done much better.自我评价（self-evaluation）levels:

11、 8 poor 9-11 so-so 12-13 Good 14 Excellentseeingto makeGiven 非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有高考至少有1 1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。高考主要考察非谓语动词的高考主要考察非谓语动词的作用作用和和形式形式。也。也就是说：就是说：动名词动名词，现在分词现在分词，不定式不定式与与过去过去分词分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形

12、式以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。叫作动词的非谓语形式。二二、非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？ 有哪些具体的不同形式？有哪些具体的不同形式？ 动词不定式动词不定式动词动词-ing 形式形式动词过去分动词过去分词词一般式一般式to dodoingdone一般被动式一般被动式to be donebeing done及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词既表示去分词既表示被动又表示动被动又表示动作已完成作已完成, , 个别个别动词的过去分动词的过去分词只表示完成词只表示完成( (多数为不及物多数为不及物动词动词) )完成式完成式to have donehaving done完成被

13、动式完成被动式to have been donehaving been done进行式进行式to be doing完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing非谓语动词的形式（以非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）为例）三三、不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的谓语动词表示的动作的先后先后关系关系是什么？是什么？ 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 非谓语表示的动作非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后在

14、谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时与谓语表示的动作同时发生发生在谓语表示的动作之前在谓语表示的动作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done/doing/being done done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done四四、非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？ 非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词不定式1.主语主语2.表语表语3.宾语宾语 4.宾补宾

15、补 5.定语定语 6.状语状语 作用形式1.否定式：否定式：_2.一般式：一般式：_3.完成式：完成式：_ 4.疑问词疑问词+to do 5.不定式的复合结构：不定式的复合结构：for/ of sb. to do sth.not to do to do/ to be donehaving done/ having been doneAt the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the

16、mens 110-metre hurdles.在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人，使全亚洲人兴奋不已。不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。何成分。(1) (1) 作主语作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。眼见为实。 (百闻不如一见百闻不如一见)To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语不定式短语作主语作主语)上山很艰难而下山却很好玩。上山很艰难而下山却很好玩。To climb the mountain road wa

17、s hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，我们常用在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，我们常用it作形式主语，而作形式主语，而把不定式移至句末，以保持句子平痕。把不定式移至句末，以保持句子平痕。Its not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇上想要找到路很不容易。在这个小镇上想要找到路很不容易。Its difficult to find a more inhospitable place than the South pole.找一个比南极更不宜居的城市是很

18、难的。找一个比南极更不宜居的城市是很难的。 （2）做表语做表语His ambition is to become an actor.他的理想是成为一名演员。他的理想是成为一名演员。 每周一篇阅读理解是为了加强我们的解题能力。每周一篇阅读理解是为了加强我们的解题能力。A reading comprehension everyday is to strengthen our ability to solve problems.你现在的首要目标是全身心投入到学习当中你现在的首要目标是全身心投入到学习当中.Your primary goal is to be devoted to your study

19、 whole-heartedly.（注意）（注意）当主语当中有动词当主语当中有动词do的时，作表语的不定式可省略的时，作表语的不定式可省略to.All she could do was go back home.她所能做的就是回家。她所能做的就是回家。（3 3）作宾语）作宾语常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare,decide, demand, desire, determine, except, fail, forget, hate, he

20、lp, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember,threaten, try, want, wish等。例如：等。例如：He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe. 他很高兴遇到外国人，于是想全面了解欧洲。他很高兴遇到外国人，于是想全面了解欧洲。You should continue to learn

21、 as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语不定式短语作宾语)当不定式作宾语而其后又有宾补的时候，常用当不定式作宾语而其后又有宾补的时候，常用it作形作形式宾语，而将作宾语的不定式后置。式宾语，而将作宾语的不定式后置。常见结构为：常见结构为：consider/ feel/ find/ make/ think.+ it +宾补宾补+ to do sth. 例如：例如：He felt it necessary to learn Spanish.他觉得有必要学习西班牙语。他觉得有必要学习西班牙语。He found it impossible to g

22、et everything ready in time.他们发现不可能按时做好一切准备。他们发现不可能按时做好一切准备。他规定课上只能讲英语。他规定课上只能讲英语。He made it a rule only to speak English in class.这两个女孩如此相似以至于陌生人觉得难以区分。这两个女孩如此相似以至于陌生人觉得难以区分。The two girls are so alike that strangers findit difficult to tell one from the other.(4) 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：常见的接不

23、定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn.I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.

24、我对天文学很感兴趣，他叫我对全班作口头陈述。我对天文学很感兴趣，他叫我对全班作口头陈述。我的导师鼓励我暑期上课来提高我的写作水平。我的导师鼓励我暑期上课来提高我的写作水平。My advisor encouraged me to take a summmer course to improve my writing skill.有些有些感官动词感官动词和和使役动词使役动词接不定式作宾补时，通常不接不定式作宾补时，通常不带带to。四看（四看（see，watch，notice，observe）三使役（三使役（let，have，make）二听（）二听（hear，listen to）一感觉（一感觉（fe

25、el）They made me waite while they checked everyones air tickets.The doctor had her assistant _ (pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. （全国卷）（全国卷） 用于被动语态，感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态，感官动词和使役动词make，作主，作主 补的不定式要把补的不定式要把to带上。带上。 Tom doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard.pick help后的不定式作宾补可带后的不定式作宾补可带t

26、o也可不带也可不带The interesting study course can help you avoid difficulty in communication.Xie Leis preparation course is helping her to get used to academic requirements of a Western university.谢蕾的预科课程帮助她适应西方大学的学业要求。谢蕾的预科课程帮助她适应西方大学的学业要求。 They hope David to make a speech about his experiences in China.（注

27、意）在汉语里，我们常说希望某人做某事（注意）在汉语里，我们常说希望某人做某事但是在英语当中没有但是在英语当中没有“hope sb. to do sth.”而应该用从句表达而应该用从句表达hope that.They hope (that) David will make a speech about his experiences in China.wish/want(5) 作定语作定语I am always the first person to get to the office.There are lots of interesting things to see there.There

28、 are many ways to make people laugh.Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.If there is a lot of work to do, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.The last one to arrive pays the meal. Agreed.Give me a pen to write .澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为在这里居住活到这澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为在这里

29、居住活到这里旅游很不安全。里旅游很不安全。You might think thath with all these dangerous animals, Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit.with不定式作定语时，如果与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式作定语时，如果与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而不定式动词又是一个不及物动词时，则不定式后要加上相应的而不定式动词又是一个不及物动词时，则不定式后要加上相应的介词。介词。(6) 不定式作状语不定式作状语多表示目的，也表示结果原因。多表示目的，也表示结果原因。Im sur

30、prised to find that business in France dont run in the weekends. To do a good job, we must have the right tools. To make friends easily, you need to be very kind.The poor girl has been collecting seashells to make a living.表目的时表目的时to = in order to = so as to可将可将in order to 置于句首强调但置于句首强调但 so as to一般位

31、于句中。一般位于句中。为了规劝人们去做某事，广告常常激起人们的希望、梦想和为了规劝人们去做某事，广告常常激起人们的希望、梦想和情感。情感。In order to persuade people to do something, advertisements often appeal to our hopes and dreams or our emotions.(注意注意) 在在so. as to, enough to, only to, too.to 等等结构中，不定式表示结果。结构中，不定式表示结果。Will you be so kind as to open the window?He

32、arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.不定式与不定式与onlyonly连用做结果状语，表示一种意外的结连用做结果状语，表示一种意外的结果。果。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式to doto doto be doneto be done进行式进行式to be doingto be doing完成式完成式to

33、 have to have donedoneto have to have been donebeen done非谓语动词的时态重要性在于体现了动作先后非谓语动词的时态重要性在于体现了动作先后不定式的一般式表示的是其动作与谓语动词的动作不定式的一般式表示的是其动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后；进行式表示正在与谓语动词的动作同同时或之后；进行式表示正在与谓语动词的动作同时进行；完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前。时进行；完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前。People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.不定式不定式to wonde

34、rto wonder表示的动作和表示的动作和beganbegan的动作同时发生。的动作同时发生。She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.不定式不定式to be reading to be reading 表示表示readread这一动作在谓语这一动作在谓语pretendedpretended的的动作发生时正在进行。动作发生时正在进行。Robert is said to have studied abroad,but I dont know which country he studied in.不定式不定式to have stud

35、ied to have studied 表示表示studystudy这一动作发生在谓语这一动作发生在谓语is saidis said之前。之前。He is thought _ (act) foolishly. Nowhe has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.他被认为行事愚蠢，现在丢了那份工作，他只能责他被认为行事愚蠢，现在丢了那份工作，他只能责怪自己了。怪自己了。The engine just wont start. Something seems _ (go) wrong with it.(2) 不定式的语态不定式的语态不定式

36、的主动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的不定式的主动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的执执行者行者；不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动；不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的作的承受着承受着。to have acted to have gone James Ryan is the fourth brother to be involved in the Second World War.詹姆斯是被卷入第二次世界大战漩涡的第四个兄弟。詹姆斯是被卷入第二次世界大战漩涡的第四个兄弟。不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的逻辑主语是the fourth brother, the fourth brother, 与

37、与involveinvolve是被动关是被动关系。系。It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.许多人认为它（古楼兰城）在公元许多人认为它（古楼兰城）在公元200年至年至500年年期间渐渐被沙城暴所覆盖。期间渐渐被沙城暴所覆盖。不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的逻辑主语是it,it,与与covercover是被动关系，且动作发生在是被动关系，且动作发生在is is believedbelieved之前，故用不定式的完成被动式。之前，故用不定式

38、的完成被动式。His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 注意注意 不定式主动表被动的情况不定式主动表被动的情况1.在在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable 等形容等形容词做表语或构成复合宾语时，其后不定式用主动形词做表语或构成复合宾语时，其后不定式用主动形式表被动。式表被动。be+adj.+to doThis sentence is difficult to translate.They found the lecture hard to understand.2.to bla

39、me 作表语时，用主动形式表示被动含义。作表语时，用主动形式表示被动含义。I resent it when something went wrong in the house Im always the one to blame.to be published3. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。Ill give you a book to read.Please lend me a pen to write with.Do you have anything to bu

40、y?He will show you the right path to take.4. There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。被动式皆可。There is a lot of work to do/ to be done.如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。There is nothing for me to do today. 不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构 It is brave of you to do that. It is easy for you to do that. 当下列表示人物特征的形容

41、词同当下列表示人物特征的形容词同of 后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系时，常与上的主表关系时，常与o f 搭配。搭配。brave, careful, careless, clever, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right, wrong ,rude, stupid, silly, wise, thoughtful, etc It was very kind of you to come to help me.= You were very kind to come to help me.下列表示事物性质的形容词

42、同下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与主表关系，常与 for 搭配。搭配。easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, possible, important, difficult, etc. Its hard for him to get rid of his bad habits .= For him to get rid of his bad habits is ha

43、rd.“疑问词疑问词+ + 不定式不定式”结构结构I didnt know how I could get back to the village.I didnt know how to get back to the village.疑问词疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how等后加上等后加上不定式相当于名词性从句。同样一句话，可用从句或不定式相当于名词性从句。同样一句话，可用从句或者是不定式结构来表达，意义没有区别。者是不定式结构来表达，意义没有区别。第一个句子，宾语从句，较为正式。第一个句子，宾语从句，较为正式。第二个句子，简洁，较为口语化。第二个句子，简洁，较

44、为口语化。He told us whether we have a picnic was still under discussion.= He told us whether to have a picnic was still under discussion.动名词动名词“v+ing”“v+ing”与现在分词的构成完全相同，动与现在分词的构成完全相同，动名词具有名词具有动词动词的特征也具有的特征也具有名词名词的特征。所谓的动的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充

45、当主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语和定语表语和定语。Drinking enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.饮用足量的水可改善你的肌肤，保持头发健康。动名词起名词的作用，在句中作主语，有宾语。动名词起名词的作用，在句中作主语，有宾语。We looking forward to writing to you about Orlando and his familys progress and achievements.我们期待给你写信，谈谈奥兰多及其家庭的进展和成就。动名词起名词的作用，在句中作介词宾语，有状语动名

46、词起名词的作用，在句中作介词宾语，有状语。动名词的功能和用法动名词的功能和用法（1 1）作作主语主语Traveling in space by ordinary citizens will be common.普通市民去太空旅行将会很普遍。普通市民去太空旅行将会很普遍。Preparing a delicious snack does not have to be too difficult.准备美味的点准备美味的点心，不一定很难办。心，不一定很难办。_ felt funny watching myself on TV.在在It is no use/good (doing sth.). 后习惯接

47、动后习惯接动名词作真正主语。名词作真正主语。Its no use crying over spilt milk.It It 在标志语中常常用到动名词的惯用语。在标志语中常常用到动名词的惯用语。 No smoking. No parking.(2) 作作表语表语My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.我的工作是为基拉韦厄火山的数据库搜集信息，这我的工作是为基拉韦厄火山的数据库搜集信息，这是夏威夷最

48、活跃的火山之一。是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。My favorite part was seeing the grizzly bear in the mountains.我最喜欢的一段旅程就是在山里看到灰熊。我最喜欢的一段旅程就是在山里看到灰熊。(3) 作作动词宾语动词宾语常见的能接动名词作宾语的动词有：常见的能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,allow,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,suggest,practise,resis

49、t,risk,stop,ect.短语动词有短语动词有give up, insist on, feel like,get down to, look forward to.He will keep trying out new ideas so he can help farmers around China.他（袁隆平）将不断地试验新想法，以帮助全中国他（袁隆平）将不断地试验新想法，以帮助全中国的农民。的农民。每一次当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒自己对我承诺每一次当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒自己对我承诺了什么。了什么。Everytime you feel like smoking a ciegare

50、tte, remind yourself what youve promised to me.(4)(4)作介词宾语作介词宾语They developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around.他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。After eating breakfast at the cafeteria I go by minibus to the university lecture halls or the library.在食堂吃过饭后，我乘坐公共小汽车去大学的报告厅或在食堂吃

51、过饭后，我乘坐公共小汽车去大学的报告厅或是图书馆。是图书馆。(5)(5) 作定语作定语The Iron Curtain was Churchills term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe.铁幕是政治家丘吉尔使用的术语，指东欧和西欧的分界铁幕是政治家丘吉尔使用的术语，指东欧和西欧的分界线。线。3. 3. 动名词的否定式动名词的否定式Victor apologized for _ (not be)able to inform me of the change in the plan.维克多对没能通知我计划中的变化

52、表示抱歉。维克多对没能通知我计划中的变化表示抱歉。forfor是介词是介词 后跟动名词。后跟动名词。 很抱歉我没有按时交作业。很抱歉我没有按时交作业。Im sorry for not handing in my homework on time.not beingnot+doingnot+doing动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（1 1）动名词的时态动名词的时态动名词的一般式通常表示动作的发生与谓语动词的动动名词的一般式通常表示动作的发生与谓语动词的动作同时，动

53、名词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前。作同时，动名词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前。When I asked him, he avoided giving me a definite answer.我问他时，他不愿给我确切的答案。动名词我问他时，他不愿给我确切的答案。动名词givinggiving表表示示givegive这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词avoidedavoided的动作同时发生。的动作同时发生。I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他竟然会干出这种事来与你对抗。动名词我不知道他竟然会干出这

54、种事来与你对抗。动名词having done表示表示do这一动作发生在谓语动词这一动作发生在谓语动词have的的动作之前。动作之前。（2 2）动名词的语态动名词的语态动名词的主动形式表示其逻辑主语是名词动作的执行动名词的主动形式表示其逻辑主语是名词动作的执行者；动名词的被动形式表示其逻辑主语是名词动作的者；动名词的被动形式表示其逻辑主语是名词动作的承受者。承受者。Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。动名词的弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。动名词的逻辑

55、主语是逻辑主语是Freddy and his band, ,与与follow是被动关是被动关系。系。Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多消费者抱怨那家商店缺斤少两。很多消费者抱怨那家商店缺斤少两。动名词的逻辑主语是动名词的逻辑主语是customers，与，与give是动宾关系，是动宾关系，且且givegive动作发生在谓语动作动作发生在谓语动作complain之前，故用完成之前，故用完成被动式。被动式。_ (expose) to sunlight for too much time w

56、ill do harm to ones skin.动名词作主语，且逻辑主语动名词作主语，且逻辑主语skinskin与与exposeexpose是被动的是被动的关系，故用动名词的被动式。关系，故用动名词的被动式。I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ (promote) when we talked on the phone. mention mention 后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式。逻辑主后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式。逻辑主语语he(Tom)he(Tom)与与promotepromote是被动关系，且是被动关系，且promote

57、promote表示表示动作发生在动作发生在mentionmention之前，故用动名词的完成被动之前，故用动名词的完成被动式。式。Being exposedhaving been promoted 1. want, require, need等动词后面的动名词常等动词后面的动名词常用主动形式表被动意义。用主动形式表被动意义。The library needs repairing, but it will have to wait until Sunday.图书馆需要修缮，但要等到礼拜天。图书馆需要修缮，但要等到礼拜天。接不定式要用被动语态。接不定式要用被动语态。The car needs re

58、pairing.The car needs to be repaired.The shoes want mending.The shoes want to be mended. 2. worth后接动名词，用主动形式表被动意义。后接动名词，用主动形式表被动意义。The book is worth reading a second time.这本书值得读第二遍。这本书值得读第二遍。动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构动名词有时带有自己的逻辑主语，这样就构成了动名动名词有时带有自己的逻辑主语，这样就构成了动名词的复合结构，即：词的复合结构，即：“名词所有格名词所有格/ /物主代词物主代词+ +动名动名

59、词词”，可在句中作主语，表语，宾语。，可在句中作主语，表语，宾语。Marys coming late made the teacher very angry.Do you still remember my first meeting with you?At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. 动名词与其逻辑主语动名词与其逻辑主语desks构成复合结构作介词构成复合结构作介词of的的宾语。宾语。desks与与open，close是

60、被动关系，故用动名词是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。的被动式。being opened and closedSusan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried_ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.下列情况使用动名词与不定式作宾语意义不同。下列情况使用动名词与不定式作宾语意义不同。try to do 尽力做某事尽力做某事try doing 尝试做某事尝试做某事stop to do 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事I r