[教育学]及物动词后接动词不定式和动名词作宾语小结

1、.及物动词后接动词不定式和动名词作宾语小结 (1)2010/09/27 23:03 专四语法 及物动词后接动词不定式和动名词作宾语小结 动词是英语中最活跃的词性之一，其主要作用是在句中作谓语。在谓语动词后接动词作宾语时， 主要分为两种情况： 动词加动词不定式 能以不定式做宾语的动词很多， 常见的有：want， hope，wonder， wish， agree， try， manager， offer， decide， fail，refuse， ask， pretend， intend， attempt， teach， discuss 等。例如： 1 I have learned to driv

2、e the car. 2 They refused to accept my suggestion. 3 He promised to come. 动词加动名词 在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, cant help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等这些动词之后要求用动名词作宾语。 例如： 1. Have you finished repairing your car? 2. She suggested spending another

3、 week in the country. 3. Do you feel like taking a walk. 通常要后接动名词作宾语的动词 英语中有些动词后接另一个动词作宾语时，通常要用不定式，不用动名词，这类动词主要admit(承认), advise(建议), allow(允许), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考虑), delay(推迟), discuss(讨论), dislike(不喜欢), enjoy(喜爱), escape(逃脱), excuse(原谅), fancy(没想到), finish(完成), forbid(禁止), forgi

4、ve(原谅), give up(放弃), imagine(想像), keep(保持), mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(没赶上), pardon(原谅), permit(允许), practise(练习), prevent(阻止), put off(推迟), report(报告), resist(忍住), risk(冒险), stop(停止), suggest(建议), understand(理解)等。如： I admit breaking the window. 我承认打破了窗玻璃。 I advise waiting till proper time. 我建议等到适当

5、时机。 They avoided mentioning that name. 他们避免提到那个名字。 He considered going to see Paul in person. 他考虑亲自去找保罗。 They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过卖房子的事。 She dislikes doing housework. 她不喜欢干家务活。 Would you mind speaking less quickly? 你可否讲得慢一点? He forbids smoking during office hours. 办公时间他禁止吸烟。 Try to ima

6、gine being on the moon. 设想你在月球上。 He mentioned seeing her often. 他提到过经常见到她。 I cant understand treating children like that. 那样对待孩子，我不能理解。 引用地址: 需要我们注意的是， 有些动词既可用动词不定式也可用动名词作宾语。 这两种结构在意义上有时差别不大， 有时差别较明显。下面分别说一下这两种情况： 这两种情况在意义上差别不大的词有：love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, need, intend, attem

7、pt等。 例如： 1. Do you like playing(to play) chess? 2. When did you begin learning(to learn) French? 随着语言的发展， 这些区别也在逐渐缩小，但需要注意的是： 在like, love, prefer等动词后， 若表示经常性的抽象的动作，多用动名词作宾语；若指特定的或具体的行动， 则用不定式更多一些。例如： 1. I like swimming, but I dont like to swimming today. 2. She prefers walking to cycling. 3. I prefe

8、r to stay at home today. 在begin, start等词的后面， 在下面三种情况下， 后接动词不定式较好: 主语是物而不是人时：Ice begins to melt. 本身是v-ing 形式时: We are starting to clean the classroom. 其后的动词与想法，感情有关时：I begin to realize that he is wrong. 在两种结构在意义上差别较明显的动词有： remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try等。例如： 1 remember后接动名词通常表示：记得干过某事的，跟动词

9、不定式通常表示：别忘了， 要记得干， 动作并未发生： l I remembered posting the letter today. 我记得今天把信寄走了。 l Please remember to post the letter today. 请别忘了今天把信寄走。 2regret 后接动名词， 通常表示:对已发生的情况表示后悔，跟不定式通常表示:对将来的情况表示抱歉 l I regret to inform you that you wont be able to attend the class. 我们遗憾地通知你们， 你们将不能参加这个班。 l I regretted having

10、done such a thing. 我后悔做了这样一件事。 3mean后接动名词， 通常表示:意味着， 不定式通常表示:打算干什么。 l Failing this exam means waiting for a year. 这次考式不通过意味着要等上一年。 l I didnt mean to argue with you. 我不想和你争辩。 4try 后接动名词， 通常表示:式一式做某事，跟不定式通常表示:设法去做某事： l Lets trying doing the work in this way. 这项工作咱们这样式式看。 l I will work hard, and try to

11、 improve. 我将努力工作， 并设法改进。 及物动词后接动词不定式动名词作宾语用法小结（）2010/09/27 23:17 专四语法 不定式作宾语 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如： agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean, long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如： I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that

12、 I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定 式置于补语之后，即：主语动 词it补语to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign

13、language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 介词but,except,besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do， 则接to不定式，即带do不带to， 带to不带do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 动名词作宾语 以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如： admit,appreciate,cons

14、ider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,dont mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。如： I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. 动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebra

15、tion instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。 部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如： begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,requir

16、e,want等。 在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但 要用被动形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前 正在进行的 活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： hate, like, love前有would(should)时，如：Id like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：The students are

17、 starting to work on the difficult maths problem. begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或 带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers dont permit us to swi

18、m in the lake. 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使 用。 forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名 词表示动作已经发生。如： Dont forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 设法尽力做某事 doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try