初中英语句子成分分析

1、句子成分句子成分主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 主语：是说明人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在主语：是说明人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词、数词常在句中作主语。此外，句首。名词、代词、数词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词，动词不定式也可以作主语。动名词，动词不定式也可以作主语。l例子：l1）Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist. (名词)l2）He reads newspapers every day.(代词)l3）Two and six is eight.(数词)l4）Smoking is harmful to the health.(动

2、名词)l5）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式)l6）What we shall do is not decided.(从句)谓语：谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后l1）The new term begins on the 1st of September (实义动词）l2）Her father is an engineer. (系动词)l3）It smells great. ( ? )宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物及物动词动词或或介词介词之后。介词后面

3、的名词或代词称为之后。介词后面的名词或代词称为介介词宾语词宾语。名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词组。名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词组或句子常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。此外或句子常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。此外动词不动词不定式定式可用作动词宾语，可用作动词宾语，动名词动名词和和宾语从句宾语从句也可以也可以用作动词宾语或介词宾语用作动词宾语或介词宾语l如：lHe wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。lShe loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。lShe looks at her mother. 她看着她妈妈。lYou know what I want. 你知道我要什么。宾语补

4、足语：用来对宾语后面补充说明宾语宾语补足语：用来对宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾语补语，的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾语补语，一般由名词、形容词、介词短语及动词不定一般由名词、形容词、介词短语及动词不定式、分词等充当。式、分词等充当。lHe told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。lIve never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。lI found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。lThe news make her happy. 消息让她开心。表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，表语：表示主语

5、的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句或相动词不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句构成句子的谓语子的谓语lBe careful! 小心!lHe looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。lHis job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。定语：定语：l对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语时，通常放在他

6、所修饰的名词之前，但在修饰复合不定代词（如：nothing，anything，everything，something等）时，则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词、动词不定式、分词和定语从句及句子等充当。lIts an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。lDo you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?lWho is the woman crying? 正在哭的女人是谁?lShe is a girl who loves flowers. 她是个爱花的女

7、孩。lThis is a book I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。状语：状语：l用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等的成分是状语，修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的形容词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词之后。但有些副词（如：always，often等）作状语时，则放在行为动词之前。一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、名词词组、动词不定式短语、分词短语或状语从句充当。如lWe like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。lHer uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。lMary runs quickly. 玛丽

8、跑得很快。When I win, I will jump up and down.(时间状语从句)If you are sick, you must go to see a doctor.（地点状语从句）详见课本P112和P113.同位语同位语l若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。lThis is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。lWe students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。lThe boy, called Jack, was born in 1999. 叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。如

9、何确定一个单词在句子中的词类和如何确定一个单词在句子中的词类和成分？成分？l在英语中，一个单词往往属于几种词类，因而词义和在句中的作用也就有所不同。l在英译汉时，如何正确理解某词的词类、词义和作用;在汉译英时，如何正确使用某词表达某义，除了必要时查阅词典外，更重要的是要掌握正确的分析方法。-应根据一个词在句中的位置、与其他词的关系以及在句中的作用来确定其词类、词义和在句中的成分。(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分，4分钟) The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an ol

10、d man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.

11、 longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his

12、homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. who

13、m D. book 三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D People all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how ab

14、out you? A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made him monitor of the class. A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. A B C D

15、 ( (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟) The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn about it. A B C D (五五)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语(6分，分，6分钟分钟)TheyuseMr.Mrs.witht

16、hefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分，分，6分钟分钟)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.DHeaskedhertotaketheboyo

17、utofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelo