广东省2012届高考英语二轮复习 第1模块 完形填空 专题4 说明文型完形填空精品学案

1、专题4 说明文型完形填空专题导读说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨、句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。 说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。说明文完形填空的具体特点：(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是

2、具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着

3、“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题典例2010·上海卷 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _1_.What is the purpose of the dress rehear

4、sals and the out­of­town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering，_2_ revising.Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting pr

5、oduction. However, when Phantomopened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _3_several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber _4_ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup pre

6、vented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _5_ to your evolving purpose, or to include _6_ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment._7_， it is a

7、 major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.Even your decision to _8_ topicswhile prewriting is a type of revising.However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _9_.Always make time to become your own _10_and view your dress rehearsal, so

8、 to speak.Reviewing your work in this way can give you _11_ new ideas.Revising involves _12_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present.When you revise, ask yourself the followin

9、g questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _13_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _14_ that is, facts, opinions, inferencesthat they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I

10、 included too many _15_ details that may confuse readers?()1.A.techniqueBstyle Cprocess Dcareer()2.A.in particular Bas a result Cfor example Din other words()3.A.undergone Bskipped Crejected Dreplaced()4.A.rewrote Breleased Crecorded Dreserved()5.A.addition Bresponse Copposition Dcontrast()6.A.fixed

11、 Bambitious Cfamiliar Dfresh ()7.A.However BMoreover CInstead DTherefore()8.A.discuss Bswitch Cexhaust Dcover()9.A.drafting Brearranging Cperforming Dtraining()10.A.director Bmaster Caudience Dvisitor()11.A.personal Bvaluable Cbasic Ddelicate()12.A.mixing Bweakening Cmaintaining Dassessing()13.A.ama

12、zing Bbright Cunique Dclear()14.A.angles Bevidence Cinformation Dhints()15.A.unnecessary Buninteresting Cconcrete Dfinal【解析】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必需的步骤。文章讲述了作品修改的目的和途径。 1C参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revisi

13、on stage”。technique意为“技术”；style意为“风格”；career意为“事业，生涯”，都不符合题意。 2D前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，in other words意为“换句话说”，符合题意。in particular意为“尤其，特别”，表强调；as a result意为“因此”，表结果；for example意为“例如”，表举例说明；都不符题意。3A人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了(undergo)多次修改，与上文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Ph

14、antom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。skip(跳远)、reject(拒绝，抵制)、replace(取代)都不符合题意。 4A动词release(释放，赦免，发行)，record(记录，录音)，reserve(保留，预订)都不符合题意。动词rewrite表示“重写，修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇话题相关。 5B介词短语in addition to表示“而且，除之外还有”；in opposition to表示“与的意见相反”；in contrast to表示“与形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to(作为对的反应)

15、在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品的一种回应”。6Dfresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。 7C副词moreover(而且)类似于but also，表递进含义；副词however然而，表转折关系；instead作为“替代，反而”，表相反含义；therefore因此，表原因。由语境可知选C。 8Bswitch topics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss(讨论)、exhaust(使筋疲力尽)、cover(覆盖，包含)都不符题意。 9Arearranging(重新安排)、performing(表演)、training(

16、培训)都与题意不符。由上文可知选drafting，意为“起草，草案”。10C名词audience(观众)与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director(导演)、master(主人，大师)、visitor(来访者)都与题意不符。 11B形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal(个人的)、basic(基本的)、delicate(娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的)都与题意不符。 12D句意表示“修改包括评价作品所有方面的有效性和适当性”。故选D。 13D形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文co

17、nfuse readers对应。形容词amazing(令人惊讶的)、bright(明亮的，聪明的)、unique(独特的)都与题意不符。14Cfacts，opinions，inferences都属于information，故选C。 15Aunnecessary details表示“不必要的信息”，句意表示不必要的信息反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninteresting(单调的，乏味的)、concrete(具体的)、final(最终的，决定性的)都与题意不符。新题预测(一)People do not analyse every problem they meet.They often ac

18、cept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without _1_；they try to find a solution by trial and error.However, when all of these methods _2_， the person with a problem has to start analysing.There are six _3_ in analysing a problem.First, the person must recognize that

19、there is a problem.For example, Sams bicycle is broken.Sam must _4_ that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the person must _5_ the problem.Before Sam can repairhis bicycle, he must know why it does not work.He must _6_ the parts that are wrong.Now the person must look for _7_ that will make t

20、he problem clearer and lead to possible solutions.Suppose Sam _8_ that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes._9_， he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes or talk to his friends at the bike shop.After _10_ the problem, the person should have seve

21、ral suggestions for a possible solution, which might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.In the end, one _11_ seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometimes the final idea comes quite _12_ because the thinker suddenly sees something in a _13_ way.Sam suddenly

22、sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake.He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must _14_ the brake.Finally the solution is _15_. Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly.In short he has solved the problem.()1.A.practice Bthinking Cunderstanding Dhelp()2.A.fail

23、Bwork Cchange Ddevelop()3.A.ways Bconditions Cstages Dorders()4.A.explain Bprove Cshow Dsee()5.A.judge Bfind Cdescribe Dface()6.A.check Bdetermine Ccorrect Drecover()7.A.answers Bskills Cexplanation Dinformation()8.A.hopes Bargues Cdecides Dsuggests()9.A.In other words BOnce in a while CFirst of all

24、 DAt this time()10.A.discussing Bsettling down Ccomparing with Dstudying ()11.A.suggestion Bconclusion Cdecision Ddiscovery()12.A.unexpectedly Blate Cclearly Doften()13.A.simple Bdifferent Cquick Dsudden()14.A.clean Bseparate Cloosen Dremove()15.A.recorded Bcompleted Ctested Daccepted【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过

25、举例说明了解决问题的六大步骤。文章浅显易懂，逻辑性强。 1Bwithout thinking意为“不假思索”。 2A从上下句的关系看，它们是转折关系。当这些方法都失败后人们就会开始分析。 3C此处stage的意思是“步骤”。分析问题有六个步骤。 4D此处see在这句话中意为“明白”。当Sam的自行车不能正常使用时，他应该明白自行车出了毛病。 5B要解决问题，当然要找到问题所在。 6Bdetermine意为“测定，找出”，与find out意思相同。7D根据下文Sam所做的事情可知，要了解问题的相关信息才能修理，所以选information。 8C结合逻辑在修自行车之前，要先“确定”是自行车的哪

26、个部件出了问题。 9D当Sam的自行车闸出了问题之后，这时他就可以进一步采取措施了。at this time意为“这时”；in other words意为“换句话说”； once in a while意为“偶尔”；first of all意为“首先”。由句意及上下文可知选D。 10D研究了问题后(人们)就可能提出一些解决建议。此处study不仅有“学习”的意思，还有“研究”的意思。 11A其中一个建议会解决问题。根据上文可知选A。12A由下文suddenly可知。 13B因为想解决问题的人突然发现了一些东西，直接就找到了症结所在，而这种方法与上文所述是不同的。 14A去掉口香糖的方法是清理车闸

27、。 15C只有经过检验，才能证明解决问题的方法的正确性。(二)Have you read the book The Wolf Totem by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever _1_the wolves world? If you had, you would admire the wolves.In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassl

28、and. They know more about _2_than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to_3_full use of the shape of land to trap sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be_4_ experts good at fighting.The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deepl

29、y understand_5_.Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A _6_ wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves fear nothing. All the wolves obey the rules._7_ they are defeated, they run away together.The wolves also have great self­respect and wont_8_ to anyone. The writer, who wrote th

30、e book The Wolf Totem，_9_stole a one­month­old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his _10_，he found the littlewolf still wanted to go back with the other wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was_11_ and he never gave in, fighting _12_ his death. The litt

31、le wolf died as a glorious fighter.I was shocked by this kind of _13_：wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a _14_ way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and _15_ in this not simple and dangerous world. Please honor the wolves; please honor all these heroes of nature!()1.A.thought about Bwalked into Ctalked about Dcared for()2.A.space Bspot Cfood Dsurvival()3.A.get Btake Chave Dmake()4.A.special Bimaginative Coutstanding Dcreative()5.A.operation Bteam