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1、Proceedings of the ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and ExpositionIMECE2013November 15-21, 2013, San Diego, California, USAIMECE2013-63242Influences of water injection rate and oil length on oil slug mobilization in acapillary mLiDaiYihe ZhangIndustrial Systems Engineering, Un

2、iversity of ReginaRegina, Saskatchewan, Canada zhang66yuregina.caIndustrial Systems Engineering, University of ReginaRegina, Saskatchewan, CanadaLi.Daiuregina.caAbstractIn this paper, numerical research has been investigated for oil-water two-phase flow in a capillary m by software FLUENT. The flow

3、behavior of the oil slug and the influences of both water injection rate and oil slug length have been considered. Results indicate that numerical m performs well in simulating oil slug shape variation;Method (LBM), and his results illustrate that the body force and the bubble size have signific mpa

4、cts on bubble mobilization and flow regime transition, respectively. Kreutzer 11 investigated Taylor slug flow in a capillary by using a CFD code commercial package FIDAP; he reported that viscous losses obviously affect the Laplace pressures in a slug. Meanwhile, invariancewithotherresearchers,heme

5、anwhile, theum driven pressureconsidered the inertial and interfacial forces as well as the geometry of the bubble train flow, which are proved to have effect on friction factor when studying the pressuremagnitude is proportional to the waterinjection rate and the oil slug length, and the flow time

6、is inversely proportional to the water injection rate.drop of the slug flow in the capillary channel.A vertical tube mwas created inKeywords: phenomena, simulationtwo-phaseflow,flowFLUENT by Taha 7 to study the rise ofpressuredrop,numericalTaylor flowing showed tensionbubblesinbothstationaryandliqui

7、d;thesimulationresults surface on theIntroductionTwo-phase flow in pore structure is one of the most important topics, which is widely studied in petroleum, environmental and other research areas. Several studies have been conducted to simulate two-phase flow by applying numerical methods 1-10. In 2

8、002, Yang 5 studied the effects of body force, surface tension and bubble size on two-phase flow by Lattice Boltzmannthat liquid viscosity and have great an influencebubble shape, the bubble rising velocity, andthe film thickness between the tube and the gas bubbles, while the length of the bubble h

9、as limited effect on these parameters. FLUENT was also applied in Qians research 1 in which the effects of both flow parameters and fluid properties on Talyor slug flow behaviour were considered.1Copyright © 2013 by ASMEThe results showed that the velocities of gas and liquid greatly influence

10、the slug length, and surface tension and that wall adhesionwall was created, and the material was set to be glass.3)An oil slug was settledd to thealsosome contributions to the slugwater inlet end, and five different oillength. However, the effects of gravity,slug lengths were simulated under differ

11、ent flow velocities.The properties of the liquids are shown in Table 1.liquid density and viscosity can be ignored. In 2007, LBM was employed by Zhao 8 to4)simulateagas-liquidflow,andthes of this research were that the5)The meshing in this mwasflow regimes and bubble shapes depend onseparated to two

12、 parts: for the flowthe capillary number of the flow; for thoseregion,afinermeshwith small capillary numbers, difference causes the breakupthe pressure of the slug. withhis(100*4000=400000)isappliedtomaintaintheaccuracyoftheThisresultagreedwellcalculation results; then, a coarser mesh (40*4000=16000

13、0) was applied for the glass wall, because only theexperimental work. Recently, Desai 2 presented a gas-liquid flow in a T-junctionmini-channel parametersby wereFLUENT.Several consideredinthisinner surface is involved in the flow calculation.The temperature in this simulation is set to be room tempe

14、rature (22C).Based on the above considerations,simulation work, and the results show that6)surface tension and the contact angle between the liquid and the channel wall are the main factors that affect the slug properties and the slug shape; the velocities of gas and liquid also contribute to the sl

15、ugFigure 1 shows the numerical mResults and discussion.length, but there is no significmpact onThe oil slug shape variation and the development of water filmDuring the flow process, the oil slug shape variation was obtained in numerical simulation. Figure 2 describes the shape variation of a 4 mm oi

16、l slug flows. The water injection rate of this test was 0.01 m/s.The initial condition is an oil slug trapped in the capillary tube, and it is in contact with the tube wall. The water is injected into the tube from the left end, and a thin water film is observed at the head of the oil slug (the righ

17、t end). The tail of the oil slug (the left end) shrinks due to the pressure difference generated by the water injection. Meanwhile, the oil slug is pushed to move forward slowly (from the left side to the right side) along the tube. As the water injection process continues, more and more water gets

18、between the tube wall and the oilslug size when the fluid viscosity is changed.In this research, the flow phenomena and related parameters have been simulated by software FLUENT, influence of different water injection rates and oil slug lengths are tested and discussed.MdevelopmentIn numerical resea

19、rch, creating a proper m is the most important and basic step, as it will crucially affect the simulation results. In the course of testing the effects of the diameter variation along the tube 10, the following aspects were consideredduring the ming process:1) The tube dimensions are 400 mm length a

20、nd 1.2 mm inner diameter, smooth surface is used in this test.2) The influence of the thick tube wall has been considered; 2mm thick tube2Copyright © 2013 by ASMEslug, and the shape of the oil begins to return to a semicircle at the two ends of the slug. Finally, the entire oil slug is surround

21、ed by the water film and flows stably. The flow process is then considered to be completed.When the water injection rate is high, the oil slug will break up due to the high pressure difference across the tube. Figure 3 is an example of the oil slug break upFigure 5 explains how the water injection r

22、ate affects the oil slug flow time with different oil lengths. For an oil slug, a longer time is required to reach stable flow conditions when the water injection rate is low. This is especially true when the water injection rate is lower than 0.006 m/s, but the impact of the water injection rate is

23、 not as significant when it is higher than 0.008 m/s. When the water injection rate is fixed, the flow time is proportional to the oil slug length.The effect of oil lengthThe oil slug length is another major parameter considered in this research. Figure 6 illustrates the relationship between the oil

24、phenomenon in simulation.The oil slugshape changes quickly in this situation. After injecting the water for a short while, the oilslug quickly lose its original shape: the centerline area of the oil slug moves forward immediately while a large amount of the oil sticks to the tube wall. As more water

25、 is injected into the tube, the oil slug breaks into two parts and flows forward separately. The oil slug in Figure 3 is 4 mm and the water injection rate is 0.02 m/s. In numericalsluglengthandthe pressure to mobilize the oilumdriven slug under fourdifferentwaterinjectionvelocities.Apparently, when

26、the water injection rate issimulation, the oil slug might break several pieces, depending on the oil length and the water injection rate.The effect of water injection rateinto slugconstant, the longer an oil slug is, the largertheum drive pressure it needs tomobilizetheoilslugfromstationary conditio

27、n. Meanwhile, the pressure variationtrend is smoother when the injection rate is low (0.003 m/s and 0.005 m/s), and it fluctuates when the water injection rate rises to 0.01 m/s.water injection rate is one of the most important parameters that affect both the flow phenomena and the pressure drop dur

28、ing the oil slug flow process. In this section, five different rates are applied to mobilize oil slugs with five different lengths.Other than theum driven pressure,the relationship between the oil slug lengthThepressuredropandflowtime recorded during the flow process, and results of comparison are g

29、iven below.are theand the flow time to reach the stable flow conditions was also studied. As shown in Figure 7, when the water injection rate is fixed, the flow time is proportional to the oil slug length; because a longer oil slug results in greater viscous force between the oil slug and the tube w

30、all. The influence of the oil slug length is more sensitive when the water injection rate is low. When the rate is 0.003 m/s, the ratio of the curve is much higher than the curves for larger injection velocities.Figure4illustratestherelationship between the water injection rate and the um driven pre

31、ssure to mobilize the oilslug. The proportional toum driven pressure is the water injection rate, andtherelationshipbetweenthesetwoparameters is generally linear. Comparing to a shorter oil slug, a longer oil slug needs ahigher pressure to be mobilized. In addition, changing of the water injection r

32、ate has a greater impact on a longer oil slug.3Copyright © 2013 by ASMEtransfer in a micro tube. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 2007, 28(1):72-82.The effects of the oil slug length and the waterinjectionrateareconsidered.Insummary, theum driven pressure to5.YangZ,PlamB,SehgalBR:mo

33、bilize the oil slug increases linearly along with the water injection rate, while the velocities have inverse relationships with corresponding flow times to reach stableNumerical simulation of bubbly two-phase flow in a narrow channel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2002, 45:8.flow

34、conditions. In considering the impact ofthe oil slug length, both theum6.WangX,GuoL,ZhangX:driven pressure and the flow time increase with the oil slug length.Development of liquid slug length in gas- liquid slug flow along horizontal pipeline: experiment and simulation1.Journal of Chemical Engineer

35、ing 2006, 14(5):626-633.The flow behavior of the oil slug is alsorecordedduringthesimulation.Thedevelopment of the water film can beobservedinbothnumericalms.7. Taha T, Cui Z: CFD m ling of slug flow in vertical tubes. Chemical Engineering Science 2006, 61(2):676-687.Specifically, the oil slug shape

36、 variation inthe second mdescribes the shrinkingphenomenon of the slugs tail end, which coincides with the phenomenon seen in the experiment.References8.Yu Z, Hemer O, Fan L-S:ExperimentandlatticeBoltzmannsimulation of two-phase gasliquid flows inmicrochannels.ChemicalEngineeringScience 2007, 62(24)

37、:7172-7183.1.Qian D, Lawal A: Numerical study9.WangG:WaveScatteringandon gas and liquid slugs for Taylor flow in aT-junctionmicrochannel.ChemicalPropagationinPorousMediawithEngineeringScience 2006,61(23):7609-7625.Excitations from MultipleWave Sources.PhD Thesis, University of Regina 2008.10. Zhang

38、Y, Dai L, Luo J: Numerical study of oil slug mobilization in a capillary2.Desai B, MBambhania P, Siddala S:Numerical simulation of taylor slug flow inhorizontal mini-channel. In: The 11th Asiantube.In:Asme2010InternationalInternationalConferenceonFluidMechanical Exposition.EngineeringCongress&Va

39、ncouver, British Columbia,MachineryandThe3rdFluidPower Technology Exhibition. India; 2011.Canada; 2010.11. Kreutzer T, Kapteijn F, Moulijn A,3.Tsuji Y, Morikawa Y, NakatsukasaN, Nakatana M: Numerical simulation ofKleijnR,HeiszwolfJ:Inertialandgas-solidtwo-phaseflowinatwo-interfacial effects on pressure drop of Taylorflow in capillaries. AIChE Journal 2005, 51(9):2428-2440.dimensionalhorizontalchannel.International Journal