2019版高考英语大二轮复习第六部分考前回顾附录2五年高考阅读理解长难句式50例

1、附录 2 五年高考阅读理解长难句式50 例确凿理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。遇到长难句,我们先圈出连词,然后分析主句以及分句的句子结构,先判断句子的主干部分（主谓宾, 或主系表）,而句子的修饰、补充成分,可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后,再理解修饰、补充成分。以下是五年高考全国卷中出现的长难句,如果这些句子的结构你都能理清,这些句子的意思你都能理解,高考英语阅读理解就不再难了。1 .（2018 全国 I ,A 篇）Morning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour forD.C.newcomers and local

2、s looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way withminimum effort.句意 :不管是早晨还是下午,对于那些盼望用最小的努力而又最康健的方式体验一下华盛顿特区的新来者和当地人来说,这是一次完善的自行车旅行。分析 :Morning or Afternoon 相当于 whether it is morning or afternoon 的省略 句，是让步状语从句。looking to experience是动词的-ing形式作后置定语修饰前 面的 newcomers andlocals.2 .（2018全国 I ,B 篇

3、）GoodMorningBritain sSusanna Reid is used to grillingguests onthe sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showingfamilies how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.句 意：早上好，英国”这档节目中苏珊娜 里德习惯于每天早上在沙发上盘问客人，但 是 ,她最近扮演的角色却在酝酿一场风暴 向家庭展示如何在预算吃紧的情况下做出美味、营养丰盛的

4、饭菜。分析:该句是并列复合句，由并列连词but连接而成。第二个分句中的破折号 后面的内容是对前面分句进行补充说明。句中的用词 grill和cook up是紧扣本文 的语境而有意选用的。3 .（2018全国 I ,C篇）In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of thenation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especiallyglobalisation and better communications in the past f

5、ewdecades,all have caused manylanguages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese areincreasingly taking over.句意:近几个世纪以来,由于过去的几十年里贸易、工业化、单一民族国家的发展和义务教育的普及,尤其是全球一体化和更好的通信方式,这一切都导致了许多语言的消失。而且被英语、西班牙语和汉语等主流语言不断地取代。分析:该句是并列复合句，由并列连词and连接而成。第1个分句中的trade,industrialisation,dev

6、elopment of.,the spread of.,globalisation 和 bettercommunications 是 6个并列的名词,作主语 all 的同位语。4 .（2018 全国 I ,C篇）The general rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken bysmall numbers.句意:大凡的规律是,温柔地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少;而在炎夏、滋润的地区

7、,语言种类多,通常为少数人所使用。分析:该句是主从复合句。连接词that 引导表语从句。这个表语从句本身是一个并列句,由并列连词while 连接而成,表示对比,意为 “然而 ”。两个spoken.是过去分词短语,作后置定语,表示被动关系。5 .（2018全国 I ,D篇）The team dasa only went upto 2007,but the researchers alsoexplored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronicsthat serve more than one

8、 function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing句意:这个团队的数据仅仅更新到2007年，但研究者探索了如果消 费者使用多功能新电子设备比如一个既能进行文本处理又能观看电视的平板去替换旧设备时,会发生什么情况呢?分析:该句是并列复合句。由表示转折的连词but 连接而成。what wouldhappen.TV viewing是宾语从句。ifTV viewing是这个宾语从句中的条件状语从 句。 that serve more than onefunction 是定语从句修饰名词new electronics。6 .（201

9、8 全国 I ,七选五）Whether you re looking at wallpaper or pahet time,effortand relative expense put into it are significant.句意 :不管你是在寻找壁纸还是漆料,所花费的时间、付出的努力和相关的费用都是至关严重的。分析:该句是主从复合句。Whetheror是让步状语从句，表示 无论还 是:putinto it是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰前面的the time,effort和expense,与它们是被动关系。7 .（2018 全国 H ,A 篇）Thursday sees us make

10、 the short journey to Paris where we willvisit Disneyland Paris park,staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.句意:周四,我们短途旅行去巴黎，游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园，晚些时候我们观 看游行和烟花。分析:该句是主从复合句。 where we will visit Disneyland Paris park是定语从 句修饰名词Parise staying是动词的-ing形式作伴随状语。to see是不定式作 目的状语。8 .（2018 全国 U ,C篇）While

11、the decline over the past decade is steep for teenreaders,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of manychildren s lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. 句意 :虽然在过去的十年里,青少年读者的数量急剧下降,但是,报告中的一些数据表明 ,阅读仍然是许多孩子生活中的一个严重部分,并表明父母如何能帮助鼓励孩子阅读更多的书。分析 :该句是主从复合句

12、。While.for teen reader 是让步状语从句,由连接词While引导。主句中有两个并列的谓语动词shows和indicates,后面分别跟了两个宾语从句that. 和how.。9 .（2018 全国 H ,D 篇）Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy,but we can forgetthat deep relationships wouldn t even exist if it weren t for casuconversation.句意:我们很简易认为闲谈不严重而不考虑它，但是，我们不能忘记，如 果没有闲谈的话,深远的

13、关系甚至就不会存在。分析 :该句是并列复合句。第一个分句中,Dismissing.是动词的.-ing 形式短语作主语。第二个分句是虚拟语气,表示与现在情况相反的主观假设。if it weren tfor casual conversation 是非真实条件句。10 .（2018 全国田，C篇）While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designsof landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center forthe P

14、erforming Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts totake the center stage.句意:虽然出名的外国建筑师们被邀请来领导中国标志性建筑物的建设,比如新中央电视塔和国家大剧院,但是也有许多突出的中国建筑师正在努力成为焦点。分析该句是主从复合句。Whilethe Performing Arts是让步状语从句，表示 虽然但是：such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for thePerforming Arts 是举例说明。1

15、1 .（2017 全国 I ,A 篇）It s an ama accomplishment and one we cannot achieve withoutgenerous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations句意:这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组 织的激动的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。分析:该句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment,后面为定语从句， 修饰先行词one,且从句使用了 cannot和without表示双重否定。12 .（2017全国

16、I ,D 篇）Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way inthe cup and the rest of the line runs up-and outthe side of the hole.句意： 接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。分析:该句为复合句。主句lay the tube in place为祈使句。so that引导目的状语从句,从句是and 连接的并列句。13 .（2017 全国 I ,七选五）If anyone had told me t

17、hree years ago that I would be spendingmost of my weekends camping,I would have laughed heartily.句意:如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营,我会狂笑不已。分析:该句为主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句，因表示对与过去事实相 反的假设,所以本句中的条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that 引导的宾语从句。14.（2017全国 H ,A篇）By translating the rich and humourous textofLove sLabour sLostinto the

18、physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Theatre creates a newinterpretation of Shakespeare s comedy and aims to build a bridge between de andhearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.句意:通过把爱的徒劳那丰盛、滑稽的文本翻译成手语,Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释,通过向失聪人群和听力健康人群演出,旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。分析:在本句中,By

19、 translatingBSL为方式状语，and连接creates和aims两个 动词作并列谓语。15 .（2017 全国 H ,B篇）The friendship that grew out of the experience of making thatfilm andTheStingfour years later had its root in the fact that although there wasan age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.句意:拍电影和四年后出演The Sti

20、ng的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距,但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。分析:句子的主干是The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中,grew outof.later为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship。后面的although there waslive TV为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句 中还包含了一个although 引导的让步状语从句。16 .（2017全国 H ,B篇）We shared the belief that if you re fortunate e

21、nough thavesuccess,you should put something back he with his Newman s Own food and his Hole inthe Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill,and me with Sundance and the instituteand the festival.句意:我们有着这样的信念 如果足够荣幸获得胜利,就应该有所回馈。他成立了 Newman sOwn食品公司和为病重的孩子成立了 Hole in the Wall夏令营， 而我成立了圣丹斯协会和电影节。分析:本句中

22、,that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容;同位语从句中包含了一个if 引导的条件状语从句;破折号后出现了一个who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词kids。17 .（2017 全国 H ,C篇）Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots wouldfind relatively easy to meet.句意:Terrafugia公司说机主需要通过测试

23、并且完成20个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶Transition,这一要求对于飞行员来说相对简易达到。分析:本句中a requirement为同位语，是对前面的内容作补充说明。pilots would findrelatively easy to meet 是定语从句,省略了充任宾语的关系代词that/which, 修饰先行词requirement。18 .（2017 全国 H ,D 篇）Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reportedthat young maple trees getting bitten by in

24、sects send out a particular smell thatneighboring plants can get.句意:早在 1983 年，杰克 舒尔茨和伊 恩鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年青枫树会释放一种邻近的植物能够获 得的特殊气味。分析 :本句中第一个that 引导宾语从句,作reported 的宾语 ,从句中包含一个that 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词smell。 getting bitten by insects 为动词的-ing 形式作后置定语,修饰mapletrees。19 .（2017 全国 H，七选五）If someone knocks and it s

25、not an important matter,excuseyourself and let the person know you re busy so they can get thhint（暗示）thatwhen the door is closed,you re not to be disturbed.句意为:如果有人敲门,并且不是什么严重的事情,那就礼貌地谢绝,让别人知道你很忙,这样他们就会得到暗示,当门关着的时候,你不想被打扰。分析:该句为If引导的条件状语从句。在主句中,you re busy know的宾语从句。 so 引导结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中包含一个that 引导的

26、同位语从句 ,解释说明hint 的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个when 引导的时间状语从句，因此句子的主句为 you re not to bedisturbed20 .（2017 全国田，B篇）Bradford sold the building and land to a local developmentfirm,which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where thetheater is located.句意:布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商，这家开发商打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。分析 :本句

27、中 which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a local developmentfirm; 此外,定语从句中又包含一个where 引导的定语从句。21 .（2017 全国田，D 篇）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University haveturned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“ DriveLAB ” itounderstand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key

28、 stresspoints are.句意:纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB勺移动实验室,目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键问题所在。分析 :本句中 ,句子的主干为The Intelligent Transport team at.haveturned.“ Drive LAB order to作目的状语。faced by.为过去分词作后置定语。22 .（2017 全国 田,D 篇）For many older people,particularly those living alone or in thecountry,driving is import

29、ant for preserving their independence,giving them thefreedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.句意 :对于很多老年人来说,特别是那些独居或在乡村的老年人,驾驶对于保持他们（老年人）的独立性是非常严重的,让他们可以解放出行,而不必依赖他人。分析 :本句的主干是driving is.independence。 giving them.是动词的-ing 形式作状语。23 .（2017 全国 HI ,D 篇）Research shows that giving up

30、driving is one of the key reasonsfor a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them becoming moreisolated（隔绝）and inactive句意:研究表明，放弃开车是导致老年人 康健和美满状况下降的主要原因之一,使他们变得更加孤立和懒散。分析:that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中giving up driving为动词的-ing形式短语 作主语。leading to.动词的-ing 形式作结果状语。24 .（2016 全国 H ,B篇）His presenc

31、e meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant inclass whose creativity would infect感染）other students.句意:他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手,他的创造力会感染其他学生。分析:该句为复合句。that 引导的是宾语从句,作 meant 的宾语 ;在宾语从句中包含了由whose引导的定语从句，关系词whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关 系。25 .（2016 全国 H ,C篇）Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping

32、 that the bookwill have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.句意:然后,大家可以把它（书）留在一个公共场合，希望这本书经历一场冒险 随着每个发现它的新读者来一场渺远广漠的旅行。分析:Then the person leaves it in a public plac的句子的主干。 hoping that. 是动词的-ing形式作伴随状语。that引导的是宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含了 一个动词的-ing 形式短语traveling.作伴随状语;此外 ,在后一个伴随状语

33、中还包含了一个由who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词reader。26 .（2016 全国 H ,D 篇）Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got towithin 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,started a business before his 1914 voyageto make money from movie and still photography.句意:沙克尔顿曾经是英国商船官员,在 1908年到达过距离南极点不够100英里的地方,他在 1914年航

34、海前开始做生意,从电影和摄影中赚钱。分析：Shackleton started a busines咕句子主干。 a onetime British merchantnavyofficer 为Shackleton的同位语，同时作定语从句 who had got to within 100 miles of theSouth Pole in 1908的先行词。before his 1914 voyage为时间状语。to make.为不定式作目的状语。27 .（2016 全国 H ,D 篇）Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photogra

35、pher whoknew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images,most of which have never before beenpublished.句意:弗兰克赫尔利是一位自信又有天赋的，对南极洲有了解的澳大利亚摄影 师 ,他被雇佣去拍照,其中大部分图片以前从未被发表过。分析 :Frank Hurley was hired.为句子主干.,a confident and giftedAustralianphotographer 为 Frank Hurley 的同位语，同时作定语从句 who knew the Antarctic 的先行词 ,

36、tomake.为不定式短语作目的状语,此外,还有一个which 引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词images。28 .（2016 全国 H，七选五）It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding whoyou are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process句意:首先要了解你自己，了解你在自然界中是谁，以及你是如何处理园艺 工作流程的。（withrespect to就而言，关于）分析:It starts with l

37、ooking inside yourself and understanding为句子主干，在 understanding 后有 who 和 how 引导的两个宾语从句。29 .（2016 全国 I ,A 篇）If it weren t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movementmight not exist today.句意:如果不是雷切尔 卡森的话，今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。分析:该句为复合句。主句为the environmental movement might not existtoday,if引导条件状语从句。注意本句使用了虚拟语气，

38、表示对现在的虚拟。30 .（2016全国 I ,B篇）Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally sayyes.句意:经过一年友情的协商之后,加尔萨女士才最终同意。分析:该句为倒装句，当only+状语位于句首，引起部分倒装时，句子可还原为 “ Ms.Garza finallysay yes only after a year of friendly discussio。 n31 .（2016全国 I ,B篇）Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or hergr

39、andchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say noand visit frequently instead.句意:几乎每个祖父母都想和自己的孙子或孙女住在一起并愿意做出牺牲,但有时拒绝,取而代之以经常探访更为明智。分析 :本句是由but 连接的两个并列分句,前一个分句and 并列两个谓语动词表示顺承关系,后一个分句中it 为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式。32 .（2016 全国 I ,C篇）For this courier job,you re consciously awar

40、e that in that boxyou ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody 句意:对于 s l这个递送的工作,你意识到在那个箱子里放的很可能是挽救别人生命的东西。分析:该句为复合句,前一个that 引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中包含了一个that 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something。33 .（2016 全国 I ,D 篇）Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possiblemeanings of silence when they

41、come across the personal anxiety their patients may beexperiencing.句意:当护士和其他看护者遇到的病人可能经历个人焦灼时,他们需要知道默然的各种可能的含义。分析:本句的主干为Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of thepossiblemeanings of silence。 when 引导时间状语从句,在时间状语从句中,theirpatients may beexperiencing 为定语从句，修饰先行词 anxiety。34 .（2016 全国 I ,D 篇）The

42、refore,when a person from one of these cultures is speakingand suddenly stops,what may be implied 暗示（） is that the person wants thelistenerto consider what has been said before continuing.句意：因止匕，当个来自其 中某个文化群体的人在说话的时候突然停住时,可能是在暗示他在继续（讲下去）之前希望听众能思考一下刚才所讲的内容。11 / 16分析:本句中when 引导的是时间状语从句;what may be imp

43、lied 为主语从句 ,that 引导表语从句,在表语从句中,包含了一个what 引导的宾语从句,作consider 的宾语。35 .（2016 全国 田，C篇）To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such asGolden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to seethe range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was

44、grown by theRomans.句意 :对于那些习惯于在超市里选择像黄金美味和皇家嘎啦这种无限的苹果的人来说,看到仍旧存留的传统苹果是很长见识的,比如罗马人种植的迪西奥。分析:本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classicalapplesstill in existence其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式；此外,To people who areused to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala

45、insupermarkets为状语,状语中包含了 who引导的定语从句，修饰先行 词people o本句最后还有一个 which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Decio。36 .（2016 全国田，D 篇）Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting orfunny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles thatleft them merely sad.句意:读者们也喜欢分享让他们感到兴奋或风趣的文章,或者是引发愤怒或焦灼

46、的消极感受的文章,而不是仅仅让他们感到悲伤的文章。分析:该句为复合句，三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行解释说明。37 .（2016 全国田,七选五）When you have bought a fish and arrive home,you betterstore the fish in the refrigerator if you don t cook it immediately,bufishshould be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.句意:当你买了一条鱼回家后,如果不立即烹饪,你最佳把鱼放在冰箱里保存,但

47、新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱保存一到两天。分析:该句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，主句中还包含了 if引导的条件状语从句。38 .（2015 全国 I ,B篇）Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepenedwhen I learned that Brown s Grove Farm is one of thesuppliers for Jack Dusty,anewly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where luckily for me I was

48、planning to have dinner that very night.句意:眼前的西红柿令我欣慰不已,当我听说布朗的格鲁夫农场是杰克达斯蒂餐厅的供应商之一时,我更加高兴了。杰克达斯蒂餐厅是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开张的一家餐厅我感到很荣幸 那天晚上我计划去那吃晚饭。分析:as引导的是让步状语从句，从句用了倒装结构，表语前置。when引导的 是时间状语从句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant。39.（2015全国I ,C篇）The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect andadmiration for th

49、e artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringingtogether over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.句意:巴黎的蓬皮社艺术中心正在展出200多幅油画、雕塑和素描等作品,以此表达对这位艺术家及其宏伟人格的尊敬和钦佩。分析：The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration.为句 子的主干,bringing together是动词的-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰an exh

50、ibition 。40 .（2015全国 I ,D 篇）If life weren t a battle,people wouldn t need a sp（ placejust to speak.句意:如果人生不是一场战争,人们也不会需要一个专门的地方来说话。分析:本句If引导的条件状语从句用了虚拟语气。主句中的 just to speak作 定语修饰place。41 .（2015 全国 I ,七选五）But you can t be successful when there s a lack trust ina relationship that results from an acti

51、on where the wrongdoer takes noresponsibility to fix the mistake.句意:但是,如果一段关系中缺乏信任,而且这是由犯错者不为错误负责所导致的 ,那么你也不能胜利。分析:本句中when 引导的是时间状语从句。that 引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词a lack oftrust。止匕外，句中还包含一个 where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 action。42 .（2015 全国 H ,B篇）Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,forpeople are oft

52、en less self-conscious（隹为情）when they re in poorly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food.句意:黑暗的环境更简易鼓励过量饮食,因为人们在灯光漆黑的地方很少会难为情 所以更可能吃大量的食物。分析:本句中for引导表示原因的分句，分句中less self-consciou环口后面的so more likely toeat lots of food 是并列表语,分句中还有一个由when 引导的时间状语从句。43 .（2015 全国 H ,C篇）The gap-year phenomenon

53、originated起源）with the months leftover to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of thenext academic year.句意:间隔年现象起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学申请在11 月份入学考试至下一学年开始前空出的那几个月时间。分析:本句中，句子主干是 The gap-year phenomenon originated起源）with the months。 leftover to Oxbridge applicants 是过去分词短语作后置定语 ,be

54、tween.and.是介词短语作定语,修饰的都是the months。44 .（2015 全国 H，七选五）No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel beston your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair asyou shop.句意:没人能说哪个品牌最适合你或你穿哪一双鞋脚最舒服,因此当你在买鞋时，你不得不根据你的经验和对每一双鞋的感觉。分析 ：本句是由so连接的两个并列句。which引导的是宾语从句 作sa

55、y的宾语。as you shop是由as引导的时 间状语从句。45 .（2014 全国 I ,A 篇）The challenge invites,even dares school students between the agesof 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity andhow it inspires them to explore their world.句意:这个挑战赛邀请甚至鼓励5 到 14岁的在校生创作艺术品或写一篇文章 ,这样既展示了他们的好奇心,又展示了这项活动是如何鼓舞他们去探索世界的。分析:that引导定语从句，在定语从句中，their curiosity和how引导的从句并 列作show的宾语。46 .（2014全国 I ,B篇）It was calculated that when its population reached its highestpoint,