习题课-高考英语语法填空和短文改错解题技巧和训练

1、习题课-高考英语语法填空和短文改错解题技巧和训练班级_ 姓名_ 日期_学习目标 1. 掌握语法填空和短文改错的解题技巧 2. 明确复习方向，量化复习手段和过程一.语法填空解题技巧首先明白英语十大词类：动，名，形，副，代，介，数，连，冠，叹。有提示词：主要考查谓语动词,非谓语动词,形容词和副词无提示词：主要考查冠词，介词，连词，代词一、给出动词原形。判断该空做谓语还是非谓语。做谓语，考虑时态,语态和主谓一致，将动词变为过去式，进行时，完成时，被动语态，单三等。做非谓语，填写-ing形式，to+原形，-ed形式，有时需要将动词变为名词或形容词（如：invent-invention，contribu

2、te-contribution，attract-attractive）。二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，动词”注意要变形，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有s 不能弃，“形副”注意互换和三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。二. 实战演练,小试牛刀（先独立完成，然后小组讨论合作探究）A One Sunday morning in August I went

3、 to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment_1_(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me_2_the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man_3_(sit) at the front. He_4_(pretend) that a tiger toy was r

4、eal and giving it a voice. He must be_5_(mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to_6_he was trying to talk, but after some minutes_7_walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_8_his own either. After a while I ros

5、e from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had_9_amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made_10_of us feel good.B A young man, while traveling through a des

6、ert, came across a spring of clear water. _1_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder_2_had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man_3_ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled_4_ ( warm ), and t

7、hanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_5_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let_6_student taste the water. He spit it out, _7_ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Si

8、r, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like_8_?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be_9_ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best_10_we receive gifts of love from chi

9、ldren. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.C Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _1_was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished th

10、at he was as easy_2_(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not_3_pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or_4_(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter_5_some at

11、tractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her_6_ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes_7_

12、sale. She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please_8_. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already_9_table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Y

13、our father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane_10_ (inform). D Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._1_these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop_2_(help) it grow”, is based on the followi

14、ng story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help_3_rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about_4_day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea_5_he would pluck up all of his crop a few in

15、ches. He did so the next day. He was very tired_6_doing this for a whole day,_7_he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”_8_ (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_9_(

16、nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often_10_(result) in the contrary to our intention.三. 短文改错答题技巧（一）短文改错的常见8类错误：1.动词的错误。包括时态，语态，和主谓一致。短文改错的文章的时态一般是一致的，语态方面要注意是该用被动语态还是主动语态。主谓一致主要考虑一般现在时态中第三人称单数的动词形式。如： (1)He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改为lay. lie 表示“躺”的意思

17、时，过去式为lay.） （躺lie lay lain, 说谎lie lied lied， 放置，下蛋lay laid laid) (2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (4) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (5) I was used to watch it every night. 2. 名词的单复数误用。如在s

18、everal，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。3. 形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited，surprising 和surprised, disappointing和disappointed, hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级错用。4. 代词的误用。如人称代词的主格和宾格，they和them， 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，you与your，its与its，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身

19、代词(如myself)的误用, 人称前后不一致等。一些不定代词anything与something, anywhere与somewhere，any 与some等的混淆。what与how的误用, 5. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的误用如in 与on，to与for， except与besides的混用。缺少和多余如instead与instead of，because与because of， 还有及物动词和不及物动词的混淆，尤其是动词短语的搭配误用。 (1)Bill insisted in staying near the car. (2) Suddenly we caught sight at

20、a car and some men. (3) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (4) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 6. 连词的误用。如or与and，and与but用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。以及复合句从句中which，that，when，where等

21、关系词的混淆不清。7.冠词的误用。名词是秃子，常要戴帽子；可数名词单，须用a或an；辅音前用a， an在元音前；若为特指时，则须用定冠；复数不可数，泛指the不见；碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 如：（1）After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. （2）Some people read the books or watch

22、television while others have sports.（3）Good health is persons most valuable possession. （4）Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.（5）There is public library in every town in Britain. 8.一些固定结构的误用。如sothat被误用作verythat，tooto被误用veryto，asas 被误作soas等。（二

23、）答题规范增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。（三）单句练习(先独立完成，然后小组讨论并达成一致，再展示)：A.删除一个词(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (2) Some people read the books or watch television while ot

24、hers have sports. (3) In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are

25、ill. (6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings.(7) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.(8) and let you to know when the book you want has returned. (9) in other places where you are limi

26、ted to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (10) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (11) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (12) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (13) I also enjoyed the evening

27、s when we spent together. (14) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.(15) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family.B.修改一个词（非谓语动词）(1) rather than go into the forest and getting lost.(2) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leadi

28、ng to a village. (3) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (4) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (5) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (6) The World Health Organization and other organ

29、izations are working improve health all over the world. C.增加一个词( 1 ) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.（2）I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.（3）For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery. （4）When we walked to the ca

30、r, Bill smiled and shook head.（5）The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.（四）实战演练，小试牛刀(先独立完成，然后小组讨论并达成一致，再展示)AWhen I look at this picture of myself , I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically and also mentally in the

31、past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time, car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying differe

32、nce kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. B Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work

33、every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the in

34、ternet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！C During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animal

35、s. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip，I told my fath

36、er that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.（五）课后作业：语法填空1. Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help.In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. T

37、hen he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did t

38、he same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against

39、 the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 2. The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as _31_ investigative tool

40、. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with

41、individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, _34_there are many positive developments _35_ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. _36_ concern relates to a lack of control over_37_ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can _39_ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a