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1、常用情态动词的用法比较1)在表示“可能性”方面can 、should 、may 、might 这四个词都可以用来表示"可能性 "。但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同:can 和 should 表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性;其中 should 的主观性较强,往往含有 " 应该会怎么样 "的意思。总体上说,这两个词在这方面的语气较强、较肯定。与之相比,may 和might 这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定,表示主观意断的可能性,没有足够的客 观依据。其中, might 的语气更为委婉、更弱。例如:You can't expect to

2、 be a top student without working hard at your study . (这种可能性很大。因为, 不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢?)This book should be found easily in the library . (说话人认为,图书馆应该有很多这类书籍,所以 应该很容易找到。 )You may meet her at the party today. (说话人认为,你今天或许有机会、有可能见到她。 )You might mistake what I mean. (说话人婉转地说明,大概、也许你误会我的意思了。 )2)在表示 "允诺

3、 "方面在表示 "允诺 "的 can ,may, might 三个情态动词中,以 might 最为客气、委婉; may 为居中; 而can是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况下,要根据具体情况来选用这三个情态动词。例如:You can leave now. (用于熟识的人之间;或是公事公办的情况。 )May I trouble you with a question ? (用于礼貌地提出请求。 )Might I have another cup of coffee? (用于陌生或正式的场合,非常委婉、得体地提出请求。)3)在表示 "应该 "方面

4、must , ought, should 都能用来表示 "出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样 "的意思。以 must 的语气 最强烈; ought 为居中;而 should 是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如:We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization .( 语气很强烈。表示我们 应该把自己的祖国建设成一个具有四个现代化的强国,而且我们非得这样做不可。)我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化的强国。Students ought to study hard .(这种用法较

5、有针对性,较具体,作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。Students should study hard . (这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。 )学生应该努力学习。4)在表示“猜测”方面1. 情态动词 must , can , could , may , might 都可用来表示推测1)must 所表示的可能性最大,最有把握,意为 “一定”。He _B have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn 'bte enjoying himself by the seaside.2005 北京 A. should B. must

6、 C. wouldn 'tD. can't解析:根据下文, “否则他不会在海边玩得这么开心了 ”,可以推测上文“他肯定已经完成工作了 ”。B , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 2005 重庆 AA quiet students as he may be B Quiet student as he may beCBe a quiet student as he may D Quiet as he may be a student 解析:虽然他可能是个安静的孩子,但是他课后大谈他喜欢的歌手。2)can和

7、could主要用于否定句和疑问句中,can '或couldn '表示 不可能”(注意:表示猜测, can/could 一般不用于肯定句中。 )Do you know where David is? Icould n 'ind him any where.Well . He have gone far his coat 'still here.2005 湖北A . shouldn ' t Bmustn ' t.Ccan ' t D wouldn ' t解析:根据下文 他的外套还在这”,可以推测,他不可能走远”。Can在否定句中表示不

8、可能”。Isn' t that Ann's husba nd over there?No, it A be him -I'm sure he does n't wear glasses.2004 全国一A. can'tB. must not C. won't D. may not解析:根据否定回答,和下文的暗示,该处表示不可能是他”,can'不是推测常用于否定和疑问。There ' no light ontheyA be at home .【2006 全国】A. can 't B. mustn 't C . nee

9、dn 't D. shouldn ' t解析:根据上文,等不亮”,推测下文 他们不可能在家。”3) may和might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况,主要用于肯定句中,might相对于may来说,表示的可能性更小一些。may和might都不用于疑问句中。Scientists say it may be five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.2004福建解析:该句意思是:科学家说可能还要五六年才可能将此药试验在人身上。may表推测 可能”。Excuse m

10、e . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ?Sorry , I am not sure . But it A be .2004 湖北A. might B. will C . must D . can解析:根据上文我不肯定”,可以推测语气较弱,但也许是的”。might表推测语气。2. 对目前状态的推测:1) must/may/might/ca n/could + be+表语People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. After all, she isa gr

11、eat musician.2004 全国解析:人们对karen可能有各种看法,但我敬佩她,毕竟,她是个伟大的音乐家。2) must/may/might/ca n/could +些不能用于进行时的静态动词对目前正在发生的事情进行推测:must/may/might/ca n/could + be doi ngI must be getting fat - I can hardly do my trousers up. 2004 全国二解析:根据下文暗示我的裤子几乎提不上来了”,可以判断前句的意思是我肯定在发胖”,must be doi ng对正在发生事情的推测。对已经发生的事情进行推测:must/

12、may/might/ca n/could + have doneTom graduated from college at a very you ng age.Oh, he _Dhave been a very smart boy then.【2004 全国四】A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. must解析:根据上文他年纪很小就大学毕业了”,可知下文表达的意思是当时他肯定是一个非常聪明的孩子”,对过去事情的肯定推测用must have done.被动语态的用法当谓语表示一个动作时,主语和它可以有两种不同关系;主动关系或被动关系。 在表示主动关系时(即主语为动作的执行者时)

13、,谓语的形式称为主动语态(the Active Voice)。在表示被动关系时(即主语为动作的承受者时),谓语要用另一种形式,称为被动语态(the Passive Voice)。在被动结构的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。被You' re wanted on thephone.有人给你打电话。2) 一般过去时。例如:The book was finishedlastweek. 这书是上周写完的。3)一般将来时。例如:You' llbe allowed togoouttomorrow. 明天让你出去。4)现在进行时和过去进行时。例如:a. The building

14、 is beingbuilt.这幢楼正在修自行车。b.repaired.be 表现出来。动语态由助动词 be 加过去分词构成,时态通过1)一般现在时。例如:那时正在修自行车。5)a.The bikes were being 现在完成时和过去完成时。例如:This book has been translatedb.The car had been o English.这时汽车已修完了这本书已被译成英语。使用被动语态的情况1)需要突出或强调承受者时。例如:His work was stopped for 他的工作在第一次世界大战期间中断。time duringthe Fi

15、rstWorld War.2)The road has been repaired. 道路已经修好了。不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。例如:Negroes were first brought to America as 黑人最初作为奴隶被带到美国。slaves.When was the PLA founed?3)中国人民解放军何时成立?对事物作客观说明时It was reported that the scientists were solve this problem.据报道,科学家们正在寻求新的方法来解决这个难题。 4)出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如:It i

16、s generally considered not advisable 一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。 使用被动语态应注意下面几点。 1)短语动词的被动语态, 如:searchingfor newways toto smokehere.要保持短语动词的完整性,动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。例These booksmustThe children2) 常带双宾语的动词如:werebe taken good carewell looked after.of.这些书必须好好保管 孩子们受到了良好的护理。give, send, take, bring, rite, ask, lend, show

17、, 宾语作为保留宾语,或变为介词宾语,作状语中。teach, tell, offer,pay 等,变为被动语态时,将其中一个宾语变成主语,sing, buy, promise,make, w另一个我们给他一些图画书。We gave him some picture-books.He was given some picture-books.Some picture-books were given to him.3) 常带复合宾语的动词有 see, watch, hear, make, let, have, feel 等,变为被动语她请我过去谈一谈。She asked me to step i

18、n and have a talk.-Iwas asked to step in and have a talk.4) 情态动词的被动语态和 shall 或 will 一样。We can divide an atom. 原子是可分的。 An atom can be divided.5) 主从复合句变被动语态时, 主从句都要变。They are not going to put off the maths contest.- The maths contest is not going to be put off. 相关知识点精讲1.let的用法的不定式。例如:1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,

19、变被动语态时,可用不带toTheyletthe strangego.他们放陌生人走了。->The strange wasletgo.2)当let后宾补较长时,let通常不用被动语态,而用allow或 permit 代替。例如Thenurse let me gotosee my classmate inthehospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学。> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.2. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如:My sister will

20、 be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻3. 表示"据说"或" 相信" 的词组,基本上由believe,consider, declare, expect, feel ,report,say, see,suppose, think,understand 等组成。例如:Itis said that -据说Itisreportedthat -据报道Itisbelievedthat 大家相信Itishoped that

21、 大家希望Itiswell known that 众所周知Itisthought that 大家认为Itissuggested that 据建议Itistaken grantedthat 被视为当然Ithasbeen decidedthat 大家决定Itmustbe rememberthat 务必记住的是4.不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如 appear, diedisappear,end( vi.结束), fail, happen,last,lie,remain, sit,spread, stand, break out, cometrue,fallasleep,keep

22、 silence,loseheart, take place 等没有无被动语态。例如:After the fire,very littleremainedof my house. 大火过后,我家烧得所剩无几。比较: rise, fall,happen 是不及物动词; raise,seat 是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态, 就须注意哪些动词是及物的, 哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost,notice, watch

23、agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。例如:This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说 的一致。3)系动词无被动语态,如appear, be become, fall,feel,get,grow, keep, look,remain, seem

24、,smell, sound, stay, taste,turn 等。例如:It sounds good.听上去不错。4)带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death,dream/dream , live/life等,以及反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态。例如:She dreamed a bad dream lastnight.她昨晚做了个恶梦。5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。例如:对) She likes toswim.错) To swim isliked byher.5.主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean, cook, iron,look,cut, sell,read, w

25、ear, feel,draw, write,sell 等。例如:Thebook sellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknife cutseasily.这刀子很好用。2)blame,let (出租) ,remain,keep, rent, build 等。例如:I was to blamefor theaccident. 事故发生了,我该受指责Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3 ) 在 need, require, want, worth (形容词) , deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形 式。例如:The door needs repairing.= The d

26、oor needs to be repaired. 门该修 了。This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构: make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见 / 理解自己)等。例如: Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.解释清楚些,让别人理解你的话。6. 被动形式表示主动意义,如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from ) , be prepared ( for ) be occupied (in ) , get ma

27、rried 等。例如:He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意:表示同某人结婚,用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 均可。例如: He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl.7. need/want/require/worth当 need, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 时,表示的是被动意义。例如:Your hairThe floorwants requirescutti

28、ng. 你的头发该理了。washing.地板需要冲洗。典型例题The libraryneeds_,but it'llhave to waituntilSunday.A. cleaningB. becleanedC. clean D.beingcleaned答案 A. need( 实意 )+n /to do,need ( 情态 )+do,当为被动语态时,还可need + doing.本题考最后一种用法,选A。如有tobe clean则也为正确答案。典: done , " 不可能已经 "。must notdo 不可以(用于一般现在时)。高考题解:1)Months ago

29、 we sailedtenthousandmilesacross this open sea, which the Pacific,andwemet nostorms.( 2005 辽宁)A was calledB iscalledC had been calledDhas been calledThe number of deathsform heartdisease willbe reduced greatly it peopleto eat more fruit and vegetables.2004 上海)2)A. persuadeC. be persuadedB. will pers

30、uadeD. are persuaded【点拨】考例( 1)定语从句中表达的是客观事实,现行词和定语从句之间是动宾关系,故用一 般现在时的被动语态。考例(2)主句是一般将来时,其后条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来,从句主语和谓语之间是动宾关系,故也用一般现在时的被动语态,选BD。of good earth washed awaywashed awaywith 复合结构可以看出句子应With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities each year. ( 2005 山东)A. is washing away B. is beingC. ar

31、e washing away D. are being 【点拨】此题考查了时态、语态和主谓一致两个方面。从前面的用现在进行时, earth 和 wash away 之间是动宾关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。( huge) quantities of 作定语修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词与 quantities 保持一致,用复数,与 所修饰的名词无关,故选 D。(4)Millionsofpounds'worth of damage _byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorth ofEngland last nigh.( 2005 重庆)AhasbeencausedBh

32、adbeencausedC willbecausedDwillhavebeencaused【点拨】考例( 4)强调对现在的影响或结果, damage 是不可数名词,谓语动词只能用第三人称 单数,和 cause 之间是动宾关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,故选A。(5)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Ol ympics by 2006. ( 2004 北京)B. has completedA. has been completedC. will have been completed D. w

33、ill have complete d【点拨】从介词短语 by 2006 可以看出该题表示将来某个时间要完成的动作, construction work 和动词 complete 之间是动宾关系,故用将来完成时的被动语态,选C。(6) Only when your identity has been checked , . ( 2003 上海)A you are allowed inB you will be allowed inC willyou allow inD willyou be allowed in【点拨】时间状语从句是一般现在时, 主句应用一般将来时,主语和谓语之间是动宾关系,

34、only 跟时间状语从句或介词短语时,句子要用倒装语序,故选D。(7)(9) ?Why didyou leavethatposition?( 2005 北京)?I a betterpositionat IBM.A. offerB.offeredC. am offeredered【点拨】考例( 8)中有明显的过去时间状语D. was offlast year, 考例( 9 )虽然没有明显的时间状语,Thepoliceman 'sattention wassuddenlycaught bya small box which _placed underthe Minister 's

35、car.( 2005 广东)A.has beenB. wasbeingC. hadbeen D. wouldbe点拨】考例( 7)从主句可以看出, place 这个动作发生在主句动词catch 所表示的动作之前,先行词和 place 之间是动宾关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态,选 C8)Morethana dozenstudents in thatschool _ abroad tostudymedicinelastyear.( 2005 上海)A.sentB. were sentC. had sentD. hadbeensent但从问句的时态可以看出, offer 这动作也是发生在过去,两考例

36、中的主语和谓语动词之间都是动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,选BD。巩固练习:1.After afirebroke outinthe lab,a lotof equipment.( 2005 北京春)A.is damagedB. had damagedC.damagedD. was damaged2.I can'tseeany coffeeinthis cupboard._? ( 2005 北京春)A.Has itallbeen finishedB. Was it all finishedC.Has itallfinishedD. Did it all finish3.More pa

37、tientsinhospitalthisyear than last year. (2004江苏)A.treatedB. have treatedC.had been treatedD. have beentreated4.? The window is dirty.( 2004 广西)?I know. It for weeks.A.hasn't cleanedB.didn 't cleanC.wasn't cleanedD.hasn't been cleaned5.?George and Lucygot marriedlastweek. Did yougoto

38、heirwedding?( 2004 湖北)?No, I .Did theyhavea bigwedding?Awas not invitedBhavenotbeeninvitedChadn't been invitedDdidn'tinvite6.The first use ofatomic weaponswas in1945,andtheir power _ increasedenormouslyever since.( 2004 上海)A.isB. wasC.hasbeenD. hadbeen7.According to theart dealer,thepainting

39、 togoforatleastamillion dollars. (2004 全国 II)Ais expectedB expectsC expectedDisexpecting8.The news reportershurriedto theairport,onlythefilmstarshad left. ( 2004 福建)13.?Do you?Yes, itA. isliketheveryfeelingmaterial? (1994NMET)soft.B. feltC.feelsD. isfelt14. A new 北京春招 )A. willcinemahere.They hopetofinishitnext month.(2001isbeingRainforestsbebuiltB.is builtC. hasbeenbuiltD.builtand burnedat suchpearfrom theearth in near future.A. cutB. a

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