延续性动词与短暂性动词讲解与练习

1、短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时 姓名： 短暂性动词（终止性动词） ，是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时 间连用。这类动词有： go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的 for 或 since 或 how long 等状语连用。 但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如： live, work, study, learn, sleep 等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。值得注意的是，表示

2、一段时间的状语除了“ for+ 一段时间”外，还有 since+n./ 从句（时间点），since+ 时间段+ago，疑问词 how long ，in the past+ 时间段， all these+时间段， from to （时间点）以及 till/until+n./ 句子等等。例如：1. 这位老人已经死了十年了。The old man has died for ten years. （ ）（die “死”短暂性动词，不能与 for+ 一段时间连用）The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.（）（die be de

3、ad，die 是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成 了表示状态的 be dead ，dead是 die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）2. 我买了这块手表五年了。I have bought this watch for five years.（ ）（ buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与 for+ 一段时间连用） I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （）（buy have，buy 这个动作在付完钱已经结束了， 买完后是拥有 have 的状态，have 可以延续）3. 我离开家乡已十年了。I have

4、left hometown for 10 years.（）（ leave “离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+ 一段时间连用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years. （） （leave be away，leave 这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在 这里的状态， be away 表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续） 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I haven t bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这

5、儿还没有一个小时。如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：buy / get have,borrow keep ，havedie be deadfinishbe over,Close be closedleave be away(from )open be openmarry be marriedfall asleep be asleepfall (get) illbe illgo out be outget up be upput on wear/be onMove to live income/go/bec

6、ome bego to school be in school/be astudentbegin/start be onbegin to study studyGet to know knowwake/wake up be awakeLose/die/sell/leave begone catch/geta cold have a coldjoin /take part in be in/be a membero fcome/arrive/reach/get tobe inreturn to/come back to/go back to be back(to) come(arrive,rea

7、ch,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) therebe here (there)练习：一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。例：He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. diebe dead1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a month. arrived here last ye

8、ar./He has been here since last year. 4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has been on for 2 hours. 5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has been away from here for 2 years. 6. The film began 30 minutes ago. /The film has been on for 30 opened the door an hour ago. /The door has been open

9、 for an hour. 8.They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has been closed for an hour. 二、选择题。( ) grandfather for two years.A. diedB. has died C. has been dead D. has been died( )s six weeks I met you last. A. when B. since C. beforeD. For( ) father _ the Party since 1978 . B. has joined in . been

10、in( )4. Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten yearsago . were . have been . have become . have made( ) up! The play for ten minutes . has begun. had begun. has been on . Began( ) ten years since he left the army. is . has . will .Was( ) unclefor more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has

11、started to work C. has lived there D. hasleft the city( )8. How long has Robert ? Since 2004. A. been in BeijingB.becomea policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school( ) fatherthe Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C.was inD. has beenin( ) long have you the library book ?-For abo

12、ut two weeks .A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept( ) long has he this car? -For two years.A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys( ) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had left C. has been away D. had beenaway( )13The factory since the February of 1988.A . has been o

13、pen B. has openedC. was open D. opened( )14. Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. made D. havebecome( )15. You mustnt until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be leftD. haveleft( ) meeting for a week now.A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended( ). Mi

14、ss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taughtD. taught( ) a teacher for 4 years .A. has been B. has become C. was D. became( ) home for a week.D. amA. have returned B. have been back C. returned returned( )20. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been de

15、adD. did, died( )21. He at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleep D. hadslept( ) long you ill? -Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fell C. have, been D. have,had( ) 2000, he his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved away C. has been away fromD. Leftit for 2 days.C. take D. tookC. has be

16、en D. isC. dressing D. onC. has been up D.( )ll lend you the book , but you can only A. borrowB. keep( ) bus on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stopped( ) you the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting on( ) _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up is up( )28. Tom is ill in hospital. He a

17、 cold for several days.A. isB. catches C. has caught D. has had( ) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )30. He at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )31. How long have you here? A. com

18、e B. got C. arrivedD. been( )32. My grandpa died .D. my age was forA. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years I was 2. 6.二. 句型转换：写出下列句子的同义句。 例如. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.Mr. Li has taught English in this school since 1999.2. The factory opened ten years ago. The factory ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. John Beijing three years.4. His company opened in 2003. His company since2003.5. My father bought the car half a year ago. My father the car half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 year