新目标英语八年级下册知识点讲解与练习

1、精品文档八年级下 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?【单元目标】I.单词与短语neither amusement discover especially attendant travelpopulation character fear type awake environment temperature theme attraction route board cruise boat southeast quarter brave excellent natural whenever season dark玩的愉快 兜风结束在船（飞

2、机、火车）上交换生 休假；度假 四分之三 一年到头；终年have a great time take a rideend upon boardexchange student take a holiday three quartersall year roundhave problem(in) doing sth.做某事遇到问题考虑或打算做某事 与人争吵be close to接近，靠近think of/about doing sth.argue with sb.n.目标句型：1. Have you ever been to ？ Yes， I have. /No ， I haven't.

3、2. I/He/She has / have never been to3. Where have you been？4. Where do you want to go？5. How long have you been doing ?6. What do you like best about doing sth.？7. What kind of job do you want?8. How do/did you do sth.?9. How do you spell your name?m.语法现在完成时A 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在

4、的动作或状态。如： The car has arrived. 车子来了。 （结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。 （结果：窗户仍破着）现在完成时句子通常有recently ， lately ， since ， for ， in the past fewmonths/years 等词做时间状语。肯定形式：have/has +done否定形式：have/has +not +done一般疑问句：have 或has 放于句首。B 现在完成时的用法1 ）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。所以常常后面不用时间状语。现在完

5、成 时所表的动作离说话人的说话时刻可近可远。精品文档如：He has gone to London. （ 说话人认为他不在该地）He has been to London. （说话人认为他在该地）2 ） 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去， 持续到现在， 也许还会持续下去。 常用 for 和 since 表示一段时间的状语或 so far ， now， today ， this week （month ， year） 等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。例如：He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 2001.Now

6、 I have finished the work.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 :come ， go， die ， marry ， buy 等的完成时不能与for ， since 等表示一段时间的词连用。3 ）现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如：I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework.we will go to the park.If it has stopped snowing in the morning 【重点词语】1 record（1）record 作名词，表示“记录”Th

7、is is a record of school attendance.这是一份学生考勤记录。He kept a record of what the speaker sail.他把说话人所说的话都记录了下来。（2）record 作名词还可表示“有关某人或某物过去的已知事实；档案记录” 。He has an honorable record of service.他有光荣的服务记录。（3）record 作动词，表示“写出以作参考、记录”例如：The tape recorder has recorded his voice. 录音机已经录下了他的声音。Listen to the speaker

8、carefully and record what he says.仔细听讲，然后记下他所说的话。2. have been to 表示“到 （ 去 ） 过某处” ，现在已不在那个地方。 如：He has been to England 他曾到过英国。 （ 现在已经不在英国了 ）Have you ever been to the Great Wall ？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）have gone to 表示“去了某处” ， “到某处去了” ，现在已不在说话的地点了。如：He has gone to England 。他已去英国了。 （ 已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上）

9、3. time n. U 时间，时候如：是我们大胆讲话的时候了。Time never stands still.时间不会停滞不前。The time has come for us to speak out.n. C 一段时间，时刻 如：You have taken a long time writing the letter.你用了很长时间写这封信。We had a good time together. 我们一起度过了愉快的时光。n. ( 多用复数 ) 时代 如：.精品文档He is one of the best actors in modern times.他是现代最好的演员之一。In

10、Shakespeare's time there were no actresses on the English stage.莎士比亚时代英国舞台上没有女演员。n. 次；倍如：This is the first time that I have ever been abroad.这真是我第一次出国。Your room is three times the size of mine.你的房间是我的三倍大。注意：作“倍，次” ，必须用于“三次(倍) ”以上，一、二次(倍)用 once ， twice 表示。4. attract(1) 用作及物动词，可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。The noi

11、se attracted his attention. 喧嚷声引起了他的注意。(2)attract 常用于 be attracted to sb / sth 结构，意为“喜爱某人或某物” 。I'm very attracted to her.我非常喜欢她。5. discover(1) 作“发现”讲时，作及物动词，后跟名词作宾语，指的是那些原来已存在的，但不为人知的物或事等They discovered him stealing public property.他们发现他盗窃公共财产。Who discovered the America? 谁发现了美洲？(2)discover 还可意为“

12、知道事实，答案”I soon discovered the truth.不久我便知道了真相。6. one the other 表示"(两者中的)一个另一个"，该短语是代词短语，强调两个当中的一个另一个。注意其基数必须是两个。I have two sister. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.我有两个姐姐，一个是医生， 一个是老师。Hold it in this hand， not the other. 用这只手握着，不要用那只手。7. for example 表示“例如”，该短语常用在句中作插入语，用于举例说明情况，

13、可放在句首、句中或句末，但常用逗号与正文隔开。常置于句首。We feed many animals ， for example ， cows， pigs ， dogs ， horses etc.我们喂养很多的动物，例如奶牛、猪、狗、马等等。For example ， Jack Booth ， a 21-year-old man ， gave up his job in San Francisco Librarya year ago. 例如，21岁的杰克布斯在一年前放弃了他在旧金山图书馆的工作。For example ， I know the film star Zhang Ziyi.譬如，我认

14、识电影明星章子怡。8. mean(1)mean 作及物动词，意为“意思是，意味着” 。What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思？(2)mean 意为"意思是"，还可跟that引导的宾语从句。例如：The teacher meant that you must listen carefully in class.老师的意思是你上课必须认真听讲。mean还可意为"意味着”，后跟动名词作宾语。What he said means sending you to the hospital.他说的话得意思着要送你去医院。精品文档(4)mean 还

15、可意为“打算，意图” ，后跟动词不定式作宾语。例如：I don't mean to hurt you.我并无意伤害你。What do you mean to do next? 你下一步打算做什么？9. own(1)own 意为“自己的，特有的” ，常与名词所有格连用，起加强语气的作用。It's nice if I can have my own room.我要是能有自己的房间就好了。(2)own 作代词，意为“属于某人之物” ，相当于一个名词性物主代词。Those books belong to the library but this is my own.那些书是图书馆的，但

16、这本是我自己的。(3)own 还可作动词，表示“拥有，有” 。We don't rent our house; we own it.我们的房子不是租的，是我们自己的。(4)own 作动词，还可表示“承认，自白” 。He owned to have done it.他承认曾经干过这件事。10. ask for 表示“要求，请求” 。Bill did a lot for me without asking for any reward 比尔为我做了许多事，没要任何 报酬。Don't serve water at meals unless someone asks for it. 除

17、非有人要，就餐时不要端水 上去。I've asked for an interview with the manager.我已请求与经理见面。If you get into difficulties， don't hesitate to ask for advice.如果你陷入困境，应立即去请求建议。If I had asked for direction， I wouldn't have lost my way.我要问一问方向的话，就不会迷路了。【重难点分析】1 Have you ever been to a water park?你曾去过水上公园吗？No， I ha

18、ven't. 不，没去过。Me， neither. 我也没去过。(1)have been to 表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了” ，可用于各种人称。I have been to the Summer Palace.我去过颐和园。Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾经去过上海吗？I have never been to the city.我从没去过那座城市。(2) 副词 ever 意为“曾经，以前，无论何时”表示一个不确定的时间。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、比较句等。Have you ever been to Paris? 你曾去过巴黎吗 ?We

19、hardly ever go out at night.我们晚上很少出去。(3) 本句中Me， neither. 是口语化的简略回答。一般情况下用 Neither have I ，为“ neither+系/助/情态动词+主语”2构，neither在此意为"也不"，表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或事相同，是为了避免语言重复，其中的系 / 助 / 情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一致，而在数上要与其后的主语一致。例如： I can't swim. 我不会游泳。 Neither can I. 我也不会。I don't want to go, neither wil

20、l I.我不想去，也不会去。He didn't go to school. Neither did she.他没去上学，她也没去。精品文档(4)若在肯定句中表示“也”，则要用“ so +系/助/情态动词”。I am a student ， so is my sister. 我是学生，我妹妹也是学生。He can swim ， so can I. 他会游泳，我也会。I feel happy ， so does he. 我高兴，他也高兴。2. All the houses look like houses in Holland.所有的房子看起来像荷兰的房子。句子look是系动词，后跟介词短

21、语作表语。look like 表示"像，与相似"是一动词短语。He looks so much like his brother that people often mistake them for each other.他和他弟弟十分相像，人们常错认他们。These houses look exactly like each other， which makes the street look very dull.这些房屋一模一样，使这条街显得单调乏味。3. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Du

22、ck, and many otherfamous Disneycharacters.我们大部分人可能都听说过米老鼠、唐老鸭还有其他许多有名的迪士尼人物。(1)hear of为动介结构，后面常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，表示听到有关某事的消息或情况。They have never heard of that.他们从未听说过那件事。hear of 后一般不接从句，要接从句时，则不用 of 。例如：I heard our Chinese teacher was ill.我听说我们的语文教师病了。(2)probably 表示“可能” ，是一种推测。He will probably succeed. 他

23、很可能会成功。4. I want to study in an English-speaking country.我想到一个说英语的国家深造。(1)want to do sth 意为“想要做某事” 。Did you want to tell me something?你想告诉我些什么吗？(2)English-speaking 是合成形容词，表示“说英语的” ，注意 spoken English 表示“英语口语” 。5. I've never been to an amusement park like it before.我以前从未去过那样的露天游乐场。(1) 副词 never 作“永

24、不，决不”解，表示全部否定，一般指经常性的状态，不用于修饰一次性的具体动作；一般位于系动词及助动词之后，实义动词之前，如修饰动词不定式或分词，则要放在不定式或分词之前； never 可用于句首加强语气，其后的句子要主谓倒装。I can never understand why Mary said nothing about her wrongs.我绝不理解玛丽说的她什么也没有做错。I hope never to see him again 我希望再也不要见到他。He is never late for class他上课从不迟到。Never have l seen such a strange

25、person 我从来没看见过这样的怪人。(2)before 用作副词表示“以前”。泛指“以前”时，谓语动词可用一般过去时表示过去发生过， ，也可用现在完成时则表示对现在的影响。用于特指时通常置于表示具体时间的名词之后。We saw that film before.那部电影我们以前看过。精品文档I have never seen such a beautiful scene.我从来没有见过这样美丽的景象。It came across my mind that l had met him somewhere before.我突然意识到我曾在什么地方见过他。6. Here's what t

26、wo of our students said about our school.这里就是两个我们的学生所说的关于我们学校的情况。(1) 这是一个含有主语从句的倒装的主从复合句。 连接代词 what 既引导主语从句， 又在从句中作 said 的宾语。What he said is true 他所说的是真的。What l need most is your help 我最需要的是你的帮助。What we need badly are more teachers 我们急需的是更多的老师。(2) 副词 here 置于句首要用倒装语序，主语为代词部分倒装，主语为名词全部倒装。Here it is. 给

27、你。Here is a letter for you.这是给你的来信。Here comes the bus! 汽车来了 !Here's the book you're looking for.这就是你正在找的书。Here he comes! 他来了 !7. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。这是一个强调结构，强调原因状语从句。强调结构的句式是“ It+be+被强调成分+that”被强调的是简单句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语，不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强调对象是人作主语

28、时可用who,作宾语时用whom其余一律用that。It was my father who that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.正是父亲昨天晚上在实验室作实验。It was at the gate of the school I met Tom.正是在校门口我见到汤姆。It was last week that l attended an art exhibition for the first time.是上周我才第一次参观一个艺术展览。It was not until he broke my favorite vase

29、 that l flew into rages.我是在他打碎了我的花瓶时才生气的。It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school yesterday.正是因为他病了昨天才没来上学。【词语辨析】1. hear ， hear of 与 hear from(1)hear 为及物动词，意为“听见，听到” ，后可跟复合宾语， hear sb do sth 表示“听见某人做了某事”或 hear sb doing sth 表示“听见某人正做某事” 。We listened but could hear nothing.我们留心听

30、，却什么也没有听见。I heard her singing in her room.我听见她正在房间里唱歌。(2)hear 还可作“听说”讲，后常跟that 引导的宾语从句。I heard that he was ill.我听说他病了。I heard that it's a good film.我听说那是部好影片。(3)hear of 意为“听说” ，后跟人或物作宾语。精品文档I've never heard of that place.Have you ever heard of that story?(4)hear from 意为“收到某人的来信”How often do

31、you hear from your sister?我从未听说过那个地方。你听说过那个故事吗？，后跟人作宾语。你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信？I heard from him last week.2. find ， find out 与 look for(1)find 意为“找到，发现”我上周收到他的信。都含有“寻找，找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。况，强调的是找的结果。Will you find me a pen?He didn't find his bike.(2)look for 意为“寻找”I don't find my pen 找。你替我找支钢笔好吗？他没找到他的自

32、行车。,是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。I'm looking for it everywhere.我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处,通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情他在找他的鞋子。，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，请查一下火车什么时候离站。He is looking for his shoes.(3)find out 意为“找出，发现，查明”弄明白” ，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。Please find out when the train leaves.Read this passage ， and fin

33、d out the answer to this question.读这篇短文，找出这个问题的答案。3. already， still与 yet(1)already用于肯定的陈述句，也可用于疑问句，表示期待肯定回答，或表示惊讶。或用于否定句，也带有否定含义。When I arrived, he was already there.我到达时，他已在那儿了。Is it six o'clock already? 已经到 6 点钟了吗？(2)still 通常置于句子中间，意为“仍然，依旧” 。例如：She still doesn't understand.她仍然不明白。(3)still

34、 还可作形容词，意为“静止” 。例如：The soldier stood there still.那位士兵站在那一动不动。(4)yet 与 already 意思相近， 一般用于否定句和疑问句中， 常置于主要动词之前或句末。 例如：We have not yet been there. 我们还没有到过那儿。4. other ， others ， the other ， the others ， another ， any other ， any others(1)other 作形容词，通常用在单数或复数名词的前面，意为“别的；其他的；另外的” 。I'll come again some

35、other day.我改日再来。(2)others(=other+ 复数名词 ) 泛指“部分”含义，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carryingwater ， others aresweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水，另一些人在扫地。(3)the otherthe other 表示已知的两个(或两部分)人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些” ，其后可跟单数或复数名词。.精品文档I have two

36、 brothers. One is a doctor， and the other is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一位是医生，另一位是教师。(4)the others(=the other+ 复数名词 ) 指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后， “余下的人或物的全部” 。This composition is better than the others.这篇作文比其他那些都好。(5)another 泛指不定数中(三者或三者以上)的“另一个” 。 another 前面不能用定冠词the ，它作为限定词(定语)通常与单数名词连用，但是它后面可以跟few 或基数词的复数名词。This glas

37、s is broken ， get me another please. 这只玻璃杯坏了，请给我再拿一个。I'll stay here in another few days. 我要在这儿再呆几天。注意： other 和 another 都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的” ，但是结构不同。 other的位置是“数词 +other+ 复数名词” ，相当于 more 的用法； 而 another 则是 “ another+ 数词 +复数 名词” 。今天下午我又写了两封信。I wrote another two letters this afternoon.=I wrote two

38、other letters this afternoon.=I wrote two more letters this afternoon.(6)any other 表示一个之外的其它任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。(7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。【习题检测】一 . 单项选择1. It that he has been ill for a long time.A. seems B. looks C. looks as if D. seems as if2. - Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? - I'm afraid day

39、is possible.A. either B. neither C. some D. any3. Rose an old friend of when she was walking along the street.A. met ； her B. saw ； her C. met ； hers D. saw ； herself4. - have you done with your mobile phone?- I've _ someone to mend it.A. What ； asked B. How ； told C. What ； hoped D. How ； wante

40、d5. The question by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussedD. has been discussed6. A lot of tall buildings in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up7. Great changes place. Many new schools .A. have taken ， h

41、ave been opened B. take ， are open C. are taken ， openD. have been taken ， are opened8. I'll go to meet you， if I free then.A. will be B. would be C. am D. was9. This shirt is so nice， but it too much.A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends10. Where were you ?A. an hour ago B. before an hour C. at t

42、imes D. an hour before精品文档11. This pair of trousers is too big. I want pair.A. other B. the other C. others D. another二 . 阅读理解Mrs. Black lived in a town. Her husband had a few shops there and they worenice clothes and ate the best food. She had some servants（佣人 ） and never did anythingat home. In th

43、e evening she often watched TV and went to bed late at night. She never“ I'm安慰 ） her ， andtook any exercise. And she was getting fatter and fatter. It worried her and shehad to see a doctor one day. The doctor looked her over carefully and saidsorry ， madam. Nobody can help you! I'm sure you

44、'll die in a month!”Hearing this ， the woman was very sad. She got home and ate or drank nothing.She cried and cried and couldn't sleep at night. Nobody could comfort（she didn't listen to them and refused to see the other doctors. And a month later she didn't feel well but didn't

45、 die. She became angry and went to the doctor's again.said the woman.Aren't you thinner now?“ You said I was going to die ， didn't you?“ Yes， madam.” answered the doctor.“ You were wrong ， sir! Look! I'm here again!“ But I cured（ 治愈 ） you ， ” said the doctor.1. Mrs. Black did nothing

46、 at home because A. she was very busy B. the servants did all for herC. she often felt unwell D. her husband did all instead2. Which of the following is wrong? Mrs. Black got fatter because A. she wore the nice clothes B. she ate the best foodC. she never took any exercise D. she never did anything

47、at home3. The word “ die ” in the story means .A. 渴望 B. 被遗忘 C. 死 D. 殉职4. Mrs. Black was sad because .A. she was often tired B. she always wanted to restC. she couldn't be thinner D. she believed（ 相信 ） the doctor5. ， so she was thinner.A. The doctor helped Mrs. BlackB. Mrs. Black thought she shou

48、ldn't eat or drink and she did itC. Mrs. Black refused to see the other doctorsD. Nobody could comfort Mrs. Black三 . 完形填空There are many words in the English language. You will never 1 the meaningof every word in English. When you read， you will often find many 2 you do notknow. You will not have

49、 enough time to 3 reading and try to find every new word in a dictionary.Sometimes you can 4 a new word because you know some of the parts of theer ” ， that word 6 be（某个动作） . A writer is10 it will help younew word. For example ， if a word ends 5 the letters the name of a 7 or a thing that does a certain action a person who writes. 8 it is not9 to know the parts of a new word to understand it many times.精品文档1 、 A knowB learnC find D look