四级阅读段落信息匹配题技巧及练习

1、段落信息匹配题1 .这种题型可以放到最后做。2 .考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的 顺序原则”解题。细节信息的排列绝对是 乱序的”,这就意味着 从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。3 .快速掌握文章脉络。通过阅读中心旬快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出现在：1）首句；2）转折词如but ; 3）因果关系联接词如 asaresult引领的第二句；4）问句后面的答句。在找到中心句 后，读一下末句,可以更精确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中心旬，首尾句的阅读也有助于理解 段意。阅读过程当中,有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看外文，掌 握外文的行文思路。4 . 一般而言文章组织有三大

2、类。一是按时间，如货物运输，这是最简单的。二是按观点一原因一发展一瓶颈一措施一目标的布局来分析一件事物。三是偏科普的 夹杂很多不同派别的理论，这个相 对而言比较难。5 .划出句子中的关键词。由于人的短期记忆能力是有限的、在短时间内无法记下所有的句子。因此 需要寻找选项中的一些在最大程度上概括整个选项的关键词。带着这些关键词去浏览全篇文章，找 到它们所涉及的相关内容后，再研读细节，最终确定此句是否和该段匹配。6 .题干提供的信息表述中通常会出现一些具有特殊意义的指示性词汇，这类词汇虽然不是通常意义 上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征 的段落。这些

3、词通常包括如下三类:能够指示开头段的词汇（支 口 overview、introduction、initiation、mainidea、definition 等）；能够指示结尾段的词（女口 overview、 future、 solution、 conclusion、 suggestions summary等）；能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇（如rate、ratio、proportion > percentage等词往往对应含 “%的段落；number、figure、statisticaldemographics等词往往对应数字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue

4、、salary等词往往对应含诸如“$"¥”等货币符号的段落）。通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文 定位的范围，从而快速判定。7 .正确选项一定是原文的同义转换，因此必须识别它们之间的转换关系。8 .在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹配，最好做个记 土，以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目的：一是检查已初步确定的段落 与单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第一遍阅读中尚未 解答的题目。关键词专题：什么是关键词呢？关键词是用来帮助我们定位信息的词汇。最理想的情况是：我们依靠所划的关键词迅速定位到信息所在的段落，从而得到答案。这就要求我们所划的关键词是独一无二的， 它只

5、出现在 原文的某一个段落。那么什么样的词才有这个特点呢 ？题号答案关健词出题方式考点46Dinternship细节归纳斜体,括号释义47Cmid-1970 3.9 percent细节信息数字48Icompetitiveness, positive细节归纳列举、曹号49Eresearch, globalization细节信患段落首句,50C20 percent细节信息数字51Hafter September 11细节信扈数字,特殊事件52Gfunding, unsteady细节信息转折(but)53Funiversity-based如节归纳特殊词汇,连字符二Aglobal integration

6、除含信息首段尾句55Ivaluer隐含信息品高级most .,【关键词的类型】1 .些拼写较长的词， 比如如：internship .competitiveness,globalization,integration ,sustainability, innovative, immigration等。这些词属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词可以高效地查 找匹配段落。另外，这些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来，像internship ,在原文中用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中文。选它做关键词，瞬间就能找到原文出处了。2 .数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：mid-1970s,

7、 3.9 percent, 20 percent, September 11等。利用这些数字进行定位，测得的准确率是100%3 .以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如：university-based, one-child。这些词是由两个（或三个）单词连 接的新词，一般当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如 one-child在原文 中是没有的，原文是这样的 “They often compromise by having just one child这里的 one child就不是

8、整 体作为形容词使用了。4 .研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如:report, study, books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易 考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。5 .最高级，如best, worst, most等。如关键词之一为the best solution0然而仅凭此关键词我们 可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是 the most effective method ,用的词汇是完全不一样的。 这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。6 .除了以上所列的承载主要信息的名词，形容词等。如： funding

9、, unsteady , values, employers, older workers, reforms, shortage, war, immigration , rich countries 等。这些词的判断需要多力口练习 与体会。The Art of FriendshipA) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful - I was j

10、ust feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me - lonesom

11、eness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with

12、them.B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my frie

13、nds: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends - women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever g

14、iven the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger - a fact woman I've spoken with

15、 point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity.

16、Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't

17、 run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would

18、 you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might h

19、ave been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests - say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for - become the perfect catalysts for br

20、inging us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might refle

21、ct on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, sel

22、f-esteem issues do not factor in - or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jok

23、es. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierar

24、chy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when s

25、he was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the dire

26、ction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in sha

27、pe.J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in

28、touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind.

29、Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks -she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative - to cut down on frustration and fi

30、ghts. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the di

31、rection that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help yo

32、u realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressi

33、ng and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidenc

34、e to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.交友之道A激年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。事实上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康； 我工作忙碌，事业有成。我只是隐隐约约感到情绪很低落，急需一个朋友能给我打打气，跟我喝杯咖 啡，听我尽情发泄直到烟消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州一这个国家的另一端。我拨通了她的电话， 却听到要求留言的录音。阴影从此开始笼罩着我，孤独是我沮丧的根源。我的社

35、交生活已经减少到几 乎没有，但不知何故，直到那一该，我才注意到这一点。现在，这种感觉却狠雏地撞击着我。戈的那 些老朋友们，从大学甚至孩提时代就已深交的密友，对我了如指掌，但他们一离开，也把我生活的环 境一并带走了。BX究表明，缺少社交生活对人的健康会产生长期的消极后果。还好，我妁焦虑期持续时间相当 短暂。1521在那时我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那种方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代喷 油的想法是错误的：他不能，即使他能，我又和谁倾诉我对丈夫的抱怨呢？于是，我下定决心要结交新朋友，目标是像我一样一一有孩子而且关注这个世界的妇女。因为我这样交友的目的性更明确， 我逐渐意识到，我是可以进行选择

36、的，我实际上是可以设计我的社交生活的。 当然它的消极一面就是我 感到非常害怕。C毕竟，在中年时期交友要比年轻时困难得多一一一这是个客观存在的显示，与我聊过的女性曾 不止一次地指出这一点。41岁的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戏剧导?W,也是一位母亲，1461她的看法是，在十几岁、二十几岁的时候，除了有特殊理由不能成为朋友的情况，人差不多可以跟所有人 成为朋友。你的大学室友，至少余因为走得比较近而成为你最好的朋友。一现在，我们则需要理由才 能成为朋友。Danzi9说，”有很多人，我跟他们在一起的时候很舒服，但我不会因此称他们为朋友。 舒适度还不足以维持真正的友谊。”D) 一开始的时候，

37、寻找新的伙伴的确让入有点尴尬。四十岁了，我无法像我四岁的女儿那样在操 场上碰到人就问：“能跟我做朋友吗？“。【49】 每次建立一群新关系，你就会又变得脆弱了，”， KathleenHall,教牧学博士，亚特兰大压力研究所的创始人兼首席执行官，赞同这一看法。她说： “你 是在问：你愿意参与到我的生活中吗 ？这使我们局促不安。”E津运的是，我的不适感很快就过去了。我意识到，作为一个寻找朋友的成年人，我变得脆弱的 风险其实是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的请求，那又如何呢？我不再是个初中生，那时我可能会因为穿不搭调的衣服或者发型不好看而被拒绝。【54到了我这个年纪。我已经方足够的自信，我以为我有足够

38、吸引对方的东西。F评实上，我们都很忙，以至于共同的兴趣，譬如，我们为之忙碌的项目、课程或事业，就成为把我们与建立伙伴关系的候选人联系在一起的理想的催化剂。35岁的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地区一名教师及两个孩子的母亲，她说在教会结交的新朋友对她来说是一份惊喜。【53】 Mertes说，上中学对，我是根据他们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对或卢生的影响来选择朋友 的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的劳动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。二她与一起组织教会的青年项目的好朋友，虽然性格不同，但她们的干劲和组织能力使她们成为彼此的理想好友。G玲人高兴的是，尽管结交新朋友是一件尴尬的事情，

39、 但自尊问题不是结交朋友需要考虑的因素 一否则，如果将自尊问题作为结交朋友的考虑因素，你也能很容易地洞察这一点。Danzig讲述了她儿子所在的幼儿园的一个孩子的母亲的故事。那位女士身材高大，美丽动八，嫁给了一位有名的摇滚 音乐家。“我曾跟我的丈夫说，对我来说她太酷了，”她开玩笑道。”周围的人都告诫我要警惕。 但是，当我跟她混熟了，才发现她原来是个非常悠闲而友好的人。”最终，她们之间因为没有“化学 反应”，没能成为好朋友。“我意识到，我们不是同一类人，但这跟社会地位没有关系。”【50】现在看来：中年友谊似乎能反应你所属的类型（或正在成为的类型），从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。H）41岁的Harl

40、ene Katzman是纽约市的一名律师，她认为，在她无法确定自已是否变样的时候， 最老的朋友知道她原来的样子。她依然非常爱她们，她相信她们有时对问题的反应能够反映出她曾经 的样子，拥有老朋友对你而言大有益处。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：纭可以翻开新的一页。I）【47新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助找到航行的方向。39岁的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉矶的一名律师，也是一位母亲。她发现，她在工作中新结交的一个人，Julia,正是她需要的好友。除了喜欢和尊重Julia, Dershowitz有一种感觉，这个健康且从事运动事业的年轻女性能帮助她 保持身材。J）当你忙着结交新朋友时，请

41、记住，你仍需要与老朋友们培养感情。我们请 Maria Paul,友谊 的危机：当你不再是孩童时，如何寻找朋友、结交朋友与保持友情的作者，告诉我们维持这些重要 关系的最佳途径。保持联系。朋友至上。无论你有多忙，都要抽空定期与朋友吃顿饭或者喝杯咖啡闲 聊。了解她的事业。知道朋友生活中经历的重要事件，并适时表示你的支持，打电话或者发邮件让她 知道你时刻都在想着她。坦诚相待。如果朋友确实做了让你懊恼的事情，一定要（委婉地）告诉她。如果你不能完全坦诚的话，就需要重新审视这段关系。包容她的缺点。人无完人，因此不要纠结于她的 怪癖她经常迟到或者她有一点消极一一以减少挫折和斗争。满足她的自尊。真心的赞美使人感

42、觉良好，所以要告诉她，你多喜欢她的新毛衣，她做了多么伟大的工作。46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one S middle age needed some reasons LeslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。【解析】C）。细节题。根据句子关键词 Leslie Danzi邠口 making friends al one' S middle age可定位 至Cl段。该段中Danzi9说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在需要充分 的理由才能交到朋友，舒适度不足以维持真正的友谊。可见她认为中年交友需要

43、。一些理由。47. A wellchosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like. 选择得当的新朋友能 帮你朝着你向往的方向前进。【解析】I）。细节题。根据句子关键词 a wellchosen new friend和：he direction that you like可 定位至I）段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best

44、friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.数年前，作者给远在他乡的最好的朋友打电话，作者当时很需要她却没人接，因此感到很孤独沮丧。【解析】A）。归纳题。根据句子关键词 a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A股。 句子是对整段的概括总结。49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends.KathleenHall觉得人们在刚开始结交新朋友的过程中会变得敏感，【解析】D）。细节题。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D）段。该段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall 认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinf