冠词使用及解析

1、Lecture 1 冠词及用法讲解教学目标：1. 了解 a, an ,the 三个冠词。2掌握冠词的使用（一）课前小测、1. Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world.A. /, theB. the, /C. an, theD. the, a2. Let ' s go to cinema-that ' ll take your mind off the problem forwhile.A. the, the B. the, aC. a, the

2、 D. a, a3. It ' s _n_o_t _good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a, a B. the, aC. the, the D. a, the4. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is nowonder you were late.A. a, a B. the, the C./, /D./, a5. In t

3、he United States, there is always flow of people to areas ofcountry where more jobs can be found.A. a, the B. the, a C. the, theD. a, a6. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means oftransportation. A. a, the B. /, a C. the, a D. the, the7. apple fell from the tree and hit him on head.A

4、. An, the B. The, the C. An, / D. The, /8. My neighbor asked me to go for walk, but I don' t think I' ve got energy. A. a, /B. the, the C. /, theD. a, the9. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which couldfall down onto earth. A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填D. a; the

5、10. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get secondchance to make first impression.A. a; theB. the; theC. a; aD. the; a（二）知识要点、英语中的冠词有三种：定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。一、不定冠词：基本用法 不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，其中a用于以辅音音素（辅音音素24个/p/、/b/、/t/、/d/、/m/、/I/、/r/等,不是辅音字母）开始的词前。而an是用于以元音音素（元音音素20个/i:/、/i/、/e/、/au/等，不

6、是元音字母a，e，i，o，u）开始的词前。女口： a university ，a useful tool ， a computer， anorange， an hour， an 800-meter bridge，典型例句1、与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。-I kno cked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.-You should n't put drinks near a computer. （ 2006 年北京卷）2、泛指某人或某物，表示“某一个"，相当于a certain。 -Hello, coul

7、d I speak to Mr. Smith?（2006 年全国 I 卷）-Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.3、用于数量、时间等名词前，表示“每一（单位）的”相当于I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.（2003 年上海卷）4、用于固定词组中。 a knowledge of ， have a gift for ，give sb. a_ride ， a_ couple of， have a_ good time ，keep a_ d

8、iary ，in a hurry ，once in a_while ， at a loss，tell a lie， do sb. a_favor。二、定冠词的基本用法1、用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所所修 饰。Of all the reas ons for my decisi on to become a uni versity professor, my father's advice was the most importa nt one.2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。Don't worry if you can't come

9、 to the party. I'll save some cake for you.3、 复述上文中提至曲勺事物。There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is n ew.4、用于单数可数名词之前，表示该类事物，相当于 a。Whe n you come here for your holiday n ext time, don't go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.the5、序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词The cakes a

10、re delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.I want to chat with the taller of the two men.6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.play the piano, play the violin7 、用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。the Smiths8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。

11、the sun ，the moon ，the earth ，theworld 。 9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海 峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport.10、在某些形容词之前，可表示某一类人。t

12、he rich ，the poor ，the old ，the wounded ，the living ，the dead 。三、不用冠词 （零冠词 ）情况：1、人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。Wang Fu Jing Street ， Pei Hai Park 北海公园， Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing 。2、抽象名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。When you finish reading the book,you will have a better understanding of life

13、.3、物质名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.We4 、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前，常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时，加 the 。 will elect engineer Liu director of our factory.类似的名词还有： president ，monitor ， headmaster ，mayor 等。5 、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前，不用冠词。但我国的 阴历节前要用 the 。 Childr

14、en's Day ， Women's Day ，May Day the Spring Festival 6、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前，不用冠词。play basketballplay chess 。7、man 作“人类”讲时，同 human ， mankind 一样不用冠词。While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man's understanding of color.8、by

15、 与表示“通信、交通”的词连用，表示通信,交通手段时，不用冠词。If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one.9、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。It is often said that teachers have a very easylife.10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义，不加冠词，常作状语。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to

16、 the public.in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort， in love with ， under pressure ，beyondexpression 等。典例精析：1. walk is expected to last all day, so bring packed lunch.A. A ； a B. The ； 不填 C. The ； a D. A ； 不填解析： the walk 是指大家心中都明白的 walk ，因此用定冠词特指； a packed lunch 是泛指，指一份盒饭。答案： C。2. -Could you tell me

17、 the way to Johnsons, please? -Sorry, we don'thave Johnson here in the village.A. the ； the B. the ； a C 不填； the D. the ； 不填解析：“ the + 复数姓氏”表示“夫妇”或“全家”。在人的姓前加 a ，表示“某个 姓 , 的人”。所以选 B 。3. I looked under bed and found book I lost last week.A. the ； a B. the ； the C. 不填； the D. the ； 不填解析： bed 特指说话的

18、双方心目中的那张床，要用定冠词the 。 book 后接定语从句，特指上周丢失的那本书，要用定冠词 the 。所以选 B 。4. I wanted to catch early train, but couldn't get ride to the station.解析：early train特指早班火车，要用定冠词the 。 ride表示泛指要用不定冠词a。所以选 D 。5. Christmas is special holiday when whole family are supposed toget together.A. the； the B. a ； a C. the； a

19、 D. a； the解析：这句话的意思是：圣诞节是一个整个家庭应该聚在一起的特殊的节日。Aspecial holiday “一个特殊的节日”，是泛指，用不定冠词 a 。 the whole family 特指 “整个家庭”，用定冠词 the 。所以选 D 。 冠词用法口诀四冠词的活用。1. 抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可能会和 a, an 连用。 如 a heavy rain, asurprise 一件惊奇的事 , a pleasure, a success/ failure 等。 Exercises: 1. I don 't think my chances of success

20、 were very good.2. The gift came as complete surprise to me.2. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面一般要加定冠词，但是如果此类名词有修饰 成分，也可以用 a/ an 如： the moon, a full moon, in the world, in a world without air3. 牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们前面永远不能加不定冠词。如：weather,space, fun, advice, news, information, progress4. 专有名词前冠词的用法比较复杂，但一般情况下不含普通名词的专有名词

21、前不用冠词，如 Beijing, New York. The Changjiang River, The Great Wall5. 易混结构the +比较级 表示两者中比较的一个the taller one of the two brothers a + 比较级， 表示一个更的The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more interesting one.a most= a very 无比较范围，无比较含义 He is a most hard-working student.the + 序数词 表示顺序 This is the

22、 second one.a/an + 序数词 , 不表顺序，表示又一，再一 can you give me a second chance?1.recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .wouldbe higher than the number of English speaker by year 2090.A, the the B. A, /C. The, /D. The, a2.If you go by train ,you can have quite a comfortable journ

23、ey ,but makesure you get fast one.A. /, /B./, aC. the, aD./,/3. It is often said that teachers have very easy life.A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a4. I can ' t remember when exactly the Rboinsons left city, I only remember itwas Monday.A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a5. If you grow up in

24、large family ,you are more likely to develop abilityto get on well with others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the6. Mrs ,Taylor has8-year-old daughter who hasgift for painting-she haswon two national prizes.A. a, aB. an ,theC. an ,aD. the ,a7. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardso

25、n ride to Capital Airport.A .the, aB. a theC. /, aD. /, the8. On May,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men's with score of 4:1.A. a ,aB. / theC. a ,/D. the ,a9. I knew John Lennon ,but not famous one.A. /,aB. a ,theC. /,theD. the, a10. The

26、book tells life story of John Smith ,who left school and workedfor a newspaper at the age of 16.A. the, theB. a , theC. the./D. a,/11. When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to hotel ; I canfind you bed in my flat.A. the, aB. the,/C. a ,the D. a,/12. If you buy more than ten, th

27、ey will knock 20 pence off.A. a priceB. priceC. the priceD. prices13. on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speakingCanadians is major concern of the country.A. The, /B. The ,aC. An ,theD. An,/14. When he left college ,he got a job as reporter in a newspaperoffice . A. /, a

28、B /, theC .a theD .the, the15. The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in Industrial Revolution.16. While he was in vestigati ng ways t improve the telescope Newt on madediscovery which completely changedman' s understanding of color.A. a, /B. a ,theC. /, theD. t

29、he ,a17.lt isworld of won ders,world where any thi ng can happe n.A. a. the|B. a, a|C. the, aD. /,/18. Tom ownslarger collect ion ofbooks tha n any other stude nt in ourclass. A. the，/B. a,/C. a ,theD. /, the19. For a long time they walked without sayingword .Jim was the first t breaksile nee. A. th

30、e, aB. a ,theC. a，/D. the,/20. There wastimeI hated t go to school.A. a, thatB. a ,whe nC. the ,that D. the ,whe n21. When you finish reading the book ,you will havebetter understanding oflife.,A. a, theB. the .aC. /,theD.a,/22 I earn 10dollarshours assupermarket cashier on Saturday.A. a, anB. the,

31、aC. an ,aD . an ,the23. The sig n reads “in ease offire ,break the glass and pushred butt onA. /,aB. /,theC. the ,theD. a ,a24don' t like talk ing onteleph one I prefer writi ngletter.A. a, theB. the./C. the ,theD. A，/25. Jump ing out ofairpla ne at ten thousa nd feet is quiteexcit ingexperie ne

32、e. A. /, theB. /, anC. an. anD. the, the26. One way to un dersta nd thousa nds of new words in gaingood kno wledgeof basic word formati on.A./B theC. aD. one27. The cakes are delicious. He' d like havethird one becausesec ondone is rather too small.A. a, aB. the .theC. a ,theD. the ,a28. A bulle

33、t hit the solider and he was woun ded inleg.A. aB .oneC. theD. his29. The warmth ofsweater will of course be determ ined by the sort ofwool used.答案： 1A report 可数名词， a recent report 一份近来的报告 ，是泛指；第二个 空填 the 表特指示 2090年。 2B. by train 乘火车， by 在接交通工具类的同时，一 般不接冠词，如 by bike , by ship 根据句意第二个空应该是泛指。3 B teach

34、ers此处用名词复数表泛指，指一切老师；have a life相当于live /lead a life过一种、样的生活4D. leave the city离开这座城市。 a Monday 一个星期一，表泛指。 5.B. a large family 一个大家庭； the ability 此处表泛指“与别人相处 好的能力”；others其他人表泛指。6 . C. have a gift for有做、的天赋，相当于 have a talent for. 7.B. give sb. a ride 让某人搭车，此处 ride 是可数名词，表示 “搭车”。8.D. the World Table Tennis Championship 是专有名词，由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般前 面要加 the； with a score of 比分是 9.B. a John Lennon 一个叫做 John Lennon 的人，表泛指。 10. C leave school 毕业 11A. go to the hotel 去旅店 ； a bed 此处表泛指，“一个地方” 12 C. the price