选修7第1单元语法：不定式复习

1、Marty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is d

2、ifficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty saysMarty says7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also

3、have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.动词不定式动词不定式 知多少？知多少？想一想：想一想：一一 不定式的构成不定式的构成二二 不定式的功能不定式的功能三三 不定式的否定式不定式的否定式四四 不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态五五 疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非

4、谓语形式。由“ ？ ”构成, 其否定形式是“ ？ ”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有没有人称和数人称和数的变化的变化, ,但有但有时态和语态时态和语态的变化的变化。一 、动词不定式动词不定式的构成 At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited all the people over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal /in the mens 110-metre hurdles. 1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语

5、4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用二 、不定式的功能Pick out the infinitives in the sentences and tell their functions. He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in. It is of great help for us to learn English well.I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.She lis

6、tens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.The car to be bought is for his sisters.The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.( 宾语）宾语）( 主语）主语）( 宾补）宾补）( 状语）状语）( 定语）定语）( 表语）表语）不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词和副词的作用。和副词的作用。归归纳纳不

7、定式不定式 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态形式主动式被动式与谓语动作的关系一般式to doto be done进行式/与谓语动作同时发生完成式知识梳理形式主动式被动式与谓语动作的关系一般式to doto be done动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式to be doing/与谓语动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(

8、 (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )不定式的时态不定式的时态:It is said that Rob

9、ot has been studying abroad.Robot is said to_.2. It is said that Robot studied abroad.Robot is said to_.3. It is said that Robot is studying abroad.-Robot is said to _.4. It is said that Robot will study abroad.-Robot is said to _.动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.主动式主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done) We want t

10、o learn English well. He is the first student to have got the prize. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here. She wished to have been reading as much as the others.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时动作的执行者时. .不定式的使用动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.被动式被动式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt lik

11、e to be laughed at.2. The chairman announced the meeting to be started.3. The news reporters hurried to the airports, only to be told the film star had left.4. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to have been told everything.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时. .不定式的用法动

12、词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态1. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海（上海98） being badly treated B. treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.2. The transportation will improve a lot in this city, with two new roads _ in the near future. A. to construct

13、B. being constructed C. to be constructed D. constructing不定式的用法不定式在句中的作用 It is necessary to tell him the truth. To tell him the truth is necessary.练习1. 再次见到你真高兴。再次见到你真高兴。 Its good / a great pleasure to see you again.2. 他们那样做是不明智的他们那样做是不明智的。 It is unwise_. It is + n/ adj. ( for/of sb.) to doTo give u

14、p smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.不定式的用法不定式的用法of them to do like that不定式在句中的作用 2. I need to attend the meeting. 练习他们决定周末去野餐。They have _at the weekend.She wants to see the new movie. decide,/determine, learn, want, expect/ hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choo

15、se, plan, agree, ask/beg, help/ afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten他拒绝借给我自行车。They _me his bike.不定式的用法decided to have a picnicrefused to lendV+ to do 决心学会想希望决心学会想希望, ,拒绝设法愿假装拒绝设法愿假装. . 学会答应选计划学会答应选计划, ,同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮. 不定式在句中的作用3. Have you got any questions to ask? I have no chair to sit on.练习没什么可担

16、心的。There is nothing to worry about.定语 Betty是第一个知道真相的人. Betty was the first to know the truth.不定式的用法修饰抽象名词如修饰抽象名词如：ability, answer, reply, chance, excuse, idea, moment, reason, time , promise, attempt, way 等等+to do我没机会外出观光。I have no chance to go sightseeing.不定式在句中的作用4. The best way to learn English i

17、s to make friends with a native speaker.练习我的目标是考入北大。她的梦想是当一名设计师。My goal is_.Her dream is _.不定式的用法to be admitted to Beijing Universityto become a designer不定式在句中的作用5. I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.练习你可以让你姐姐帮你一下。You can ask your sister to help you .我总是劝他戒烟。I always advise him t

18、o give up smoking.advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, order, persuade, permit, prefer, tell, want, warn, wish, would like sb. to do不定式的用法五看五看 watch see observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一发现、感觉一发现、感觉: find, feel注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，注意：当不定式放在下列动词后

19、面作宾语补语时，不定式不带不定式不带to。 常用口诀如下：常用口诀如下：四看三室（使）两厅（听）一发四看三室（使）两厅（听）一发现、感觉现、感觉 - Can I have the document right now? - Of course. Wait a minute and Ill have my secretary _ it for you. A. to print B. printing C. printed D. print2. We tried hard , and eventually, we were able to get Mike _ us his car for jus

20、t a day. A. lending B. lend C. to lend D. lent PracticeI made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).The director had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting. 不定式在句中的作用练习我匆忙赶到汽车站，只是发现汽车刚刚离开。Hes gone to the office to ask questions.I hurried to the bus stop, only to find the bu

21、s had just left.6. She listens to the news every day so as to find out what s going on.7. I was disappointed to hear the news.他去办公室问题了。不定式的用法不定式的其他用法1. 和疑问词连用It is useful to know how to drive.To know how to drive is useful.你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？Have you decided what to wear to the intervie

22、w?没人告诉我在哪买票。没人告诉我在哪买票。Nobody told me where to buy the ticket.decide, discuss, explain, find out, learn, show, teach, tell, wonder whether/what/who/how/where/when to do其他用法2. 和否定词连用不定式的其他用法We turned down the music in order not todisturb the neighbors.not to do1. 妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。Mo

23、ther told him not to spend too much time on PC games.2. 他假装没看见我。他假装没看见我。She pretended not to see me.其他用法3.3.不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：tooto (Textbook P 59. Ex. 4 )enough to (P 59. Ex. 5 )It is adj. for sb. to It is adj. of sb. toSb./Sth. is said/ reported to 难点突破4.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：(1)在介词在介词but, ex

24、cept, besides ,than 前若有实义前若有实义动词动词do时：时：What do you like to do besides swim?He could do nothing except/but wait.He did nothing else than laugh.I could hardly do less than lie in bed.I did no more than finish the work.难点突破(2) 表示表示“只好只好, ,不得不不得不” 的的but but 之后之后：(cant /could not but, cant / could not h

25、elp but , cant choose but)1)Its raining hard. I cant help but stay at home.2)We could not but face the reality.3)I cant choose but finish the work.4.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：难点突破5.独立结构独立结构to be frank, to be exact,to be honest,to begin withTo tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构Exercises: 判断成分判

26、断成分 He wants to be a singer. Its very easy to do the work. He often comes to see me. Have you see him come in? He was considered to have taken it.二二. 用正确的词的形式填空。用正确的词的形式填空。 They watered the soil _(stop) it getting too dry. Your sister is said _(take) a plane before.1 When I came in, he pretended _(r

27、ead) a book. 宾宾主主状状宾补宾补主语补足语主语补足语to stopto have takento be reading4. _(make) things worse, my car was held up by the traffic accident.5. We used to hear our teacher _ (sing) this song.6. The meeting _(hold) next week is very important.7. The dusty air makes it difficult _(get) a clear picture of spa

28、ce.三三. 翻译下列各句翻译下列各句singto be heldto getTo make1. 不定式的完成和进行式1. 给你添了这么多麻烦，真对不起。给你添了这么多麻烦，真对不起。Im sorry to have brought you so much trouble.2.我们没想到你已经请了他。我们没想到你已经请了他。We dont expect you to have invited her.3.据报道他们正在这个地区修建另外一条铁路。据报道他们正在这个地区修建另外一条铁路。They are reported to be building another railway across the region. 4.我们很高兴这一段时间和你一起学习。我们很高兴这一段时间和你一起学习。We are happy to have been studying together with you.练习巩固不定式的其他用法2. 不定式