初中英语笔记大全

1、初中英语笔记大全（精华版）Thisisthekeytothedoor.这是开门的钥匙。sb.call电话号码sth.at电话号码callsb.=phonesb.=ringsb.uppleasegivemeacall.请打电话给我family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is"，family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“areof表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用of，但有生命物体后要加“s”。以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。What'syourname,please?=Couldyoutellmeyourname,

2、please?=MayIhaveyourname,please?Nicetomeetyou.=Gladtomeetyou.=Pleasedtomeetyou.写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：hereisasetofkeysherearetwosetsofkeysgettosomewhere（gethome除夕卜）至U达+have（有生命物体的“有”）thereis（无生命物体的“有”）肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+V原型+否定：Don

3、9;tlet+宾语+V原型+/Let+宾语+not+V原型+have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”Let's（include说话的人和听话的人）问：shallwe?Letus（不include听话的人）问：willyou?联系动词be动词+adj.作表语感官动词look看sound听smell闻taste尝fell触反身代词：myself（我自己）yourself（你自己）himself（他自己）herself（她自己）itself（它自己）ourselves（我们自己）yourselves（你们自己）themselves（他们自己）Howmuch+be+商品？（

4、答：It's/They're）=Whatisthepriceof?(答：It's)cent美分Onedollar=100centsother(两者中的另一个)another(三者中的另一个)越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：bigbluehat帮助某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.helpsb.withsth.withthehelp(n.)ofsb.e.g.Hestudiesmathwell,withthehelpofteacher.一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?=(Isth

5、ere)anythingIcandoforyou?welcomea.受欢迎的v.欢迎n.欢迎getawarmwelcome得到热烈欢迎be动词不加动词原形"hundred,thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加"s"。hundredsof上百thousandsof上千buysth.forsb.=buysb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物anybody在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。each强调两者或两者以上的每

6、一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或二者以上的每一个，强调整体TherearemanytreesoneachsideoftheroadTherearemanytreesonbothsidesoftheroadthepriceislow(high)价格低(高)也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实息动词之前either放在句末（疑问句、否定句）too放在句末（肯定句）onacoldmorning在一个寒冷的早晨when?答不用具体时间whattime?:咨要用具体时间比赛contest和智力或知识有美的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛持续一段时间的节日一般用“f

7、estivalakindof一种manykindof许多种allkindsof各种各样kindof有几分如：Theelephantsarekindofcute.含有tink的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：Shedoesntthinktheyareboring.（她认为他们不无聊）问：Howareyou？答：Imfine.（我很好。）/Justsoso.（一般般。）表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Twodollarsisenough（足够）。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合

8、发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper/peip?/（pa为开音节）member/memb?/（mem为闭音节）happy/h?pi/（hap为闭音节）sorry/s?ri/（sor为闭音节）certainly/s?:tnil/Iamsorry.Icantgowithyou.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）Thanks./Thankyou./Thankyouverymuch.

9、/Thankalot./Manythanks.Youarewelcome./ThatsOK./Thatsallright.Itsmypleasure./Withpleasure.（这是我的荣幸。）makefriendwithsb.（和交朋友）Thanksfor+n./v.ing=Thankssb.for+n./v.ingbelow在下方（非正下方）反义词：above在上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under在下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在上面（正上方）keep+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答

10、的疑问句用“some”。问：Let答：OK./Allright./Thatsagoodidea./Thatsoundsgood./Sorry.sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。play+the+乐器Erhu除外be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。begoodwithsb.=getonwellwithsb.与某人相处的很好问：HowoftendoesRickrunonweekend?答：Rickusuallyrunsonweekend.always（总是）usually（通常）often（经常）sometime（有时）s

11、eldom（很少）never（从不）频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。感叹句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+（主）+（谓）！如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!How+adj./adv.+（主）+（谓）！如：Howbeautifultheflowersare!Canyouthinkwhathisjobis?含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。Starttodosth.开始做某事befamousfor因出名bebusydoingsth.ilt不小，bebusywithsth.bestrictwithsb.八木人木小J/|宣b

12、estrictinsth./doingsth.for+时间段做某事持续多久问：Howlongdoyouhavevolleyball?答：Ihavevolleyballfortwohours.asksb.somequestions.问某人些问题asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事no=notanybecause不和so同时使用，although（尽管）不和but同时使用。little修饰/、可数名词几乎没有（否定）alittle些（二）few修饰可数名词几乎没有（否定）afew些（小）either:两者中的任何一个都行。neither:两者中的任何一个都不。用"ma，提问的句子回答

13、用can/can't或must/mustn't;用Can”提问的句子回答用can/can't;用"must"提问的句子回答用need/needn't.如：1.MayIparkmycarhere?Yes,youcan/must./No,youcan't/mustn't.2. CanIwatchTV?Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.3. MustIcleantheclassroomthismorning?Yes,youneed./No,youneedn't.beafraidofdoingsth./b

14、eafraidofsth.害怕做某事/某物befondof=likemakeacontinuationtosth.对有贡献dowellin=begoodat擅长比较级+and+比较级越来越giveback=return归还法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形intheworld在世界上全世界allovertheworld/aroundtheworld/thewholewordintheschool在学校里inschool在学校学习outside在外面outsidethegate

15、tothepark在公园门外turning转角godown+沿着路走gostraightdown+沿着路直走enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefuntakeawalk=goforawalk=haveawalkthebeginningof的开始atthebeginningof强调在开始的那一刻inthebeginning起初，一开始fromthebeginning开始时frombeginningtoend从开始到结束visit+地点、参观某地avisitto+地点、参观某地havefundoingsth.做很开心地点+isagre

16、atplacetodosth.是一个做的地方bebusywithsth.忙于某事thewayto去的路onthewayto+地点在去的路上onone'swayto+地点某人在去的路上onmywaytohome在我回家的路上把某物递给某人passsth.tosb.passsb.sth.in大地方arriveat小地方arriveatschool到达学校gettoschoolreachschool主语+hope(that)+从句主语+hope+todosth.liveon靠为生take主语为物Ittakessb.时间、金钱时间、金钱to.dosth.做某事要花某人多少花费spend主语为人

17、spend时间、金钱onsth./(in)doingsth.cost主语为物(强调金钱)Thisbookcostsme3yuan.pay主语为人pay金钱tosb.forsth.为了某物付钱给某人pay金钱tosb.=paysb.金钱paysb.付钱给某人between两者之间among三者或三者以上之间across指在表面穿过、有接触面through指从内部穿过over指从上空穿过、没有接触面Whynotdosth.?表建议：为什么不做呢？Whydon'tyoudosth.?表疑问：你为什么不要?because句子because名词/名词短语/代词,I didn'I didn

18、't go to schoolt go to schoolbecauseIwasill.becauseoftheillness.kindofakindofadj.n.manykindsofallkindsof're kind of cute.如：Peoplelikethiskindofanimals,becausetheyinthesouthof在南音Basleep睡着的adj.fallasleep入睡beasleep正睡着befriendlytosb.对某人友好don'tforgettodosth.不要忘记做某事tellsb.todosth.叫某人去做某事tellsb

19、.nottodosth.叫某人不去做某事stoptodosth.停下正在做的，去做某事stopdoingsth.停下正在做的是介词+doingsth.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事Whichplacedoyoulivein=Wheredoyoulive?Isn'thecute?否定疑问句Samwantstoplaybasketball,doesn'the?Whynotdosth.?=Whydon'tyoudosth.?翻译疑问句practicedoingsth.usesth.todosth.比较级中的代词用saidtooneself练习做某事that,如：

20、ThemapofBeijing自言自语isbetterthanthatofTianjin.becarefulnottodosth.小心别做某事doone'sbest尽某人的全力bemadeof看得出原材料的bemakefrom看不出原材料的besatisfiedwith对满意befullof满是inthefrontof在内部的前面infrontof在外部的前面条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：Wdhaveasportsmeetingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.It's（形式主语）+adj.+（forsb.）+todosth.（主语）做

21、某事怎么样。如：It'simportantforhimtoplaythepiano.弹钢琴对他很重要。It's+adj.+ofsb.todosth.（adj.应为sb.的本身性质）如：It'skindofyoutohelpme.你帮助了我，你真好。goacrossthebridge过桥in+时间段（将来时）多久后十夕after（放在时间前）在之后，多久之后later（放在时间后）Whatdoesshedo?=What'sshe?=What'sherjob?work（UN）job（CN）sometimes频度副词；有时sometime某时，某个不确je的时

22、间如：IhopeIcanvisitHongKongsometime.sometimes几次sometime一些时间give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.给某人某物（sth.直接宾语,sb.间接宾语）getsth.fromsb.从某人那里得到某物wear穿的状态puton穿上talkto/withsb.与某人交谈beindanger处于危险中beoutofdanger脱离危险beout外出asksb.sth.问某人某事asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事waitress女服务员workwithsb.与某人工作workwithsth.工作与某物有关belatefor做迟到了ne

23、edsth.需要某物need（实义动词）needtodosth.需要做某事needdoing需要被如：Theflowersneedwatering.花需要被浇水。learnbyoneself=teachoneself自学teachsb.sth.教某人某事teachsb.todosth.教某人去做某事watch长时间的看see强调看的结果看look强调看的过程、动作read阅读showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.lately最近seesb.doingsth.看到某人正做某事waittodosth.等待做某事cawtwaittodosth.迫不及待地想要做某事thanksfor+n.

24、/动名词表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前。bewithsb.与某人在一起everyone指人everybodyeveryone可以指人，也可以指物描述头发：漂亮+长短+形状+颜色is / am描述人的长相：have/has+hair/eyes/ears/mouth/nose-/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/ofmediumheightstrong的反义词：weak虚弱的lovetodosth.喜爱做某事wear用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：MissLiiswearinganewdresstoday.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。pop

25、ular流行；受欢迎的pop流行good-looking外在美（指男性或女性）beautiful外在美或内在美（指女性或物）ordinary-looking相貌平平ugly-looking相貌不好看的；相貌丑的handsome漂亮；英俊kindof=alittlebit+adj./adv.=alittlebitof+n.tellsb.joke给某人讲笑话makeajokewithsb.和某人开玩笑Don'tmakesuchkindofjokeswithothers别和别人开这种玩笑多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the；a）数词一描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）出处材料性质

26、、类别_名词asmallroundtable.如：afamousGermanmedicalschool.anexpensiveJapanesesportscar.remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事-Whocleanedtheclassroom?-Thestudentsdid.特别喜欢：likealot/verymuch有一点喜欢：likealittle一点都不喜欢：（doesn't）don'tlikeatalloutgoing夕卜向的! = How fine the weather is !Whatfineweatheri

27、tissth.wouldliketodosth.sb.todosth.-Wouldyoulikesth.?-Yes,please./No,thanks.-Wouldyouliketodosth.?-Yes,I'dliketo./I'dliketo,butIroundtheworld全世界junkfood垃圾食物makeareasontodosth.为做某事编一个理由givethereasonforsth.y给出某事/做某事的理由givethereasonfordoingsth.如：givemeyourreasonsforbeinglate.beonavisit（n.）to=vi

28、sit（v.）stay+adj.保持practise".)practicepractice(v.)n./pron./doingsth.practice(n.)(没有practise)如：Practicemakesperfect熟能生巧在山顶上onthetopofthemountain在半山腰halfwayupthemountain在山月却下atthefootofthemountainbeangrywithsb.Ittakessb.时间todosth.做某事花某人多少时间onsth.人spend时间/金钱(in)doingsth.forsth.人paysb.金钱物costsb.钱mos

29、tof中的大多数dosth.（看见经常做或做过）watchsb./sth.一doingsth.（看见正在做）todosth.Itistimeforsth.forsb.todosth.Hedoesntwanttodoanything.=Hewantstodonothing.Helponeselftosth.受欢迎playajokeonsb.和某人开玩笑dresssb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式to+v.(不定式)makesb.dosth.省略to的不定式letsb.dosth.havesb.dosth.helpsb.(to)dosth.可加可不加another + n.wouldlikes

30、b.todosth.it'sfuntodosth.havefundoingsth.动词原形：过去式am/is1was动词原形|过去式are1werebear（忍受）1borebeat（打击；.打败）1beatbecome|becamebeginjbeganbreak（使一,破碎）broke1bring|broughtbuild（建造）lbuiltbuyjboughtcancouldcatchcaughtcome1camecost1costcut1cutdo/doesdiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrive1droveeat1atefall1fellfeedfedfightf

31、oughtfindfoundfly1flewforget1forgotget1gotgivegavegowentgrowgrewlhung（闲hang（吊）|逛）hanged（j吊）Ihave/hashadlI.I.hearheardlholdheldhurthurtkeepkeptknowknewlay（蛋蛋）laidlead（引导）ledlearnlearndleaveleaflie（说谎）lied/layletIlet1loseIlost1make1made.maymightmeanmeantmeetmetpaypaidwinwonput1putreadjreadriderodering

32、rangrun1ransay1saidsee1sawselljsold,I.sendsentwillwouldIwritewrote1Ishallshould11showedi去show分词：1shown1singIsang1sit1sat1sleep1sleptspeak!spokestand!stoodsweep!sweptswimswamtaketookteachtaught1tell1toldj1think1thought1throw（抛；！扔）!threwwear!worelIt'stimeforsb.todosth.beworry（adj.）about（担心）=worry（

33、v.）aboutgoondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.结束去做某件事叶子半数自己黄:妻壬拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼一就像盗贼逃命亡。leaf-leaveshalfhalvesself-selveswife-wivesknive/knives'shelfshelves，一wolf二wolvesijhie!“二t-hjeves.-ilife一Tivessothat如此以致discusswithsb.sth.findsb.doingsth.seesb.doingsth.watchsb.doingsth.seesb.doingsth.(经过时看到正在做)seesb.d

34、osth.(看见整个过程)assoonas一就Standsth.Maybeadv.exercise(v.)=doexercise(n.)/dosportsDomoreexercise(un.),youwillbehealthier.Domorning/eyesexercises有修饰词作为(cn.)频率副词例如位置实义动词前，助动词、be动词、情态动词后Iusuallygotothepark.Sheusuallygoestothepark.Sheusuallywenttotheparklastyear.频率副词不影响动词形成HowoftenHowmanyHowmuchHowlong时间多久Ho

35、wfar距离多远Howsoon多快例：Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Intwodays.Howmanytimes多少次eresting东西令人觉得很有趣intered感到谁很有趣Thanksfordoingsth.trytodosth.尽力做某事thydoingsth.尝试做某事vegetable(cn.)fruit(un.)bedifferentfrom与不同lookafter=takecareof照顾(重视)healthn.healthyadj.style风格、方式grade评价mark直观的分数helpsb

36、.(to)do(v.)sth.helpsb.withsth.theold老人kindperson热心人thesameas与样kindof=alittle(bit)keepingoodhealthy=keephealthymakeaplanfor为做计划although=though让步状语从句：虽然、尽管ahardjob难的adjahardstone®的hardhard-working努力的workhard努力地advIt'srainyhard 雨卜很大maybeadv.may be 情态 v.一Maybeheisastudent例y一v.(原)Hemaybeastudent

37、begoodatsth./doingsth.advice(un.)建议apieceofadvice.sore肌肉引发炎症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身体部位后lotsof=alotofgoodfineadv.well一心人上adj.表本身体好fineWhatsthematterwithsb?What'sthetroublewithsb?What'swrong(adj)withsb?What'shappenectosb?tired(adj.)主观感受到疲劳tieing令人感到疲劳certainly当然soundlike+名词/名词词组sometimes时，常用于一般现在

38、时sometimes几次sometime#个时候，常用于将来时sometime一段时间，常用于现在完成时wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事=wouldlikesb.todosth.trytodosth.尽力做某事trynottodosth.尽力不做某事hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hopetodosth.希望去做某事；hope+that从句(that可以省略)。另外，hope后面+so表示“希望如此”；hopenot表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wishtodosth.希望做某事；wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事；wishthat从句，从句所表示的希望

39、一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。abalanceofbalanced(adj.)traditional(adj.)tradition(n.)like名词短语像forexample句子Needsth./todosth.Begoodforsth./doingsth.get变得maybe(adv.)mayv.(原)bewithsth.toomuchn.(un)toomanyn.(cn)muchtooadj.western西方的形式主语It's+adj.todosth.improve提高haveapaininthe+身体部位名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数womanman跟着所修饰词单复数变化s

40、port作为修饰词总为复数therebe+主语+doingsth.if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill表语：Theboyisill.表语：Theboyissick.sick定语：Thisisasickboy.不擅长：beweakis擅长：begoodatAngrywithsb.aboutsb.为某事生某人的气。for表目的，例：Wecomehereforvacation.spendtimewithsb.花时间在某人身上spend®费onsth.sb.spend（in）doingsth.将来时：1.will+v.（原）2.begoingtodosth.3.用现在进行时表将来

41、时有方向性的词 计划好的事babysittingbabysitbabysatsb.pay钱forsth.Heisleavinginthemorning.thHeisleavingonthemorningof28th.Heisleavingonacoldmorning.有adj.修饰表示天气气候用ongoaway离开Haveagoodtime=Enjoyyourselfsendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.-单数复数中日友好莫要及ChineseJapaneseChineseJapanese英法联盟元音牵EnglishmanFrench

42、manEnglishmenFrenchmenbefamousas作为出名Jaychouisfamousasasinger.famous（adj.）Shantouisfamousforthebeautifulbeach.befamousfor因而出名Jaychouisfamousforhissong.think（过去式：thought）:thinkaboutsth./doingsth.思考thinkof:想起decide（决定）todosth./onsth./ondoingsth.在某大眇M中心in：GreeceisinEurope.（European欧洲的）leavesomewhere离开某地

43、leaveforsomewhere离开去某地planfplannedfplanningnatural自然的finishdoingsth.完成某事hopetodosth./从句n.planplantodosth.v.plansth.Ican'twaittodosth.我迫不及待想做某事thenumberof的数量dependon依赖于inthemountain在山区sothat如此以致tootokeep+宾语+adj.（宾补）v.openThewindowsisadj.开着的（closedadj.关着的）closeddecidetodosth./onsth./ondoingsth.宾语从

44、句：陈述句语序getto=reach=arrivein/atWould/Willyouplease+v（原）sitatthetable用餐thefinal（adj.最后的）exam期末考试How提问方式方法thousand千million百万前面加确数不加sbillion十亿地+is+距离+（away）fromB地有具体距离不再用farMyhomeisfar（away）frommyschool.Myhome10kilometers（away）frommyschool.It's+距离+fromAtoB划线部分提问：It'stenkilometresfrommyhometoscho

45、ol.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?Ittakesb.todosth.例：Ittakeshimabout10minutestoridetothestation.ride车程：Anhour'sbusridewilltakeyouthere.It's10kilometers.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?It's10minuteswalk.final=atlast=intheendnotall(部分否定)并非所有：Notallstudentsarehere.bedifferent(adj.)fromdiffer

46、ence(adj.),Itdependsontheweather.dependItdependsonhowmuchmoneyyouaregoingtospend.mustbe肯定推测maybe可能can't不能是a bit / a littlealot/far/much用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用asmallnumberof少数的anumberof许多n.(pl.)agreat/largenumberofWhatdoyouthinkof?=Howdoyoulike?need(实义动词)+sth./todosth.thenumberof的数量，谓动用单数(is)Thenum

47、berofthestudentsis100.worry (v. ) Don't beworry(adj.)invite(v.)invitation(n.)What(a/an)adj.n.(主谓)Howadj.主谓不得不（客观）have to人称及时态变化Shehastogethomebefore5:00.Ihadtostudyuntill12:00lastnight.否定借助动词do:Shedon'thavetogethomebefore5:00.discusssth.讨论某事soon间隔快quick反应快adj.fast移动速度快adj.&adv.n火车、traint

48、raining(n.)trainer训练员v.训I练ThisisaphotoofTom:这是一张照Tom的照片ThisisTom'sphoto:这是Tom照的照片onone'swayto:谁在前往的路上by the way : inways :Excuse , you ' Oct.(the)24 th顺便提一下万面reinmyway:你挡到我了读：Oct.the24th24thOct.anothertwodays一个整体厂工亡靛刘口*hisanswerisright.这意味着他的笞委是正确的.meaning(n.)意思:Boyouknowthemeaningofthev

49、ord?enjoydoingsth.begoodat=asas省略to的不定式：makesb.d。(原型)sth.n.abitofalittleadj.abitalotoflot'sofn.alotadj./adv./v.v.:喜欢likeprop.:像win项目奖项beat对手onthefarm:在农场上takepartin=joininlikehelpingothershowever=butwho谁whose谁的宾格whomwhowho主格:宾格:Whoisthebest?Whomareyougoingwith?makesb.adj.(宾补)lieflyinganother+数字+

50、复数名词byplane=byairbreakfbrokefbrokenbe+过去分词被动语态WhattodoHerestv.使感兴趣：Terestingv.：careaboutn.：takecareoflookaftercareadj.：carefuladj.：carefullywouldliketodosth.Youdbetterdosth./notdosth.viewvju:n

51、.观点facetoface面对面another在做形容词时意为“又一个，再一个，另外的”，其后可以接可数名词的单数或复数。如：Ihaveanothertwobookstoread.another，theother，others，theothers another既可作形容词又可作代词，泛指“再一个，又一个”，表示“总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个”，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词单数，其前不加冠词。如：Thisdressisdirty，pleasechangeanotheroneforme. theother表示“两个中的另一个”，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也可用

52、theother+可数名词单数。如：Hisparentsbothworkinahospital.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisanurse. others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用other+可数名词复数来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。如：SomestudentslikeEnglishandotherstudents(others)likephysics. theothers指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。如：Thisdictionaryisbetterthantheothers.形容词、副词的比较级1. 比较级的定义大多数形容词都有三

53、个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”。比较级前面一般用much,even，alittle修饰。2. 比较级的构成(1) 规则变化 单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如：calmcalmertalltallersmartsmarter 以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如：nicenicerfinefinerlargelarger 以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加er如：earlyearlierhappyhappierbusybusier 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加er如：bigbiggerthinth

54、innerhothotter 多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如：popularmorepopularimportantmoreimportant(2) 不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的：goodbetterbad/illworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfarfarther/furtheroldolder/elder3. 比较级的用法(1) 当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。 表达"A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式：A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B如：Iamastallasyou.HerunsasfastasI. 表达«A不如B”用nota