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1、语言学第八章给定对话,考生分析涉及什么语言学内容设定情景 然后考生设定对话,Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean:
2、0;(a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X? (东北师范大学,2006) Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communication, particularly the relationships bet
3、ween sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used. Pragmatics includes the study of (1) How the interpretation and use of utterances dep
4、ends on knowledge of the real world; (2) How speakers use and understand speech acts; (3) How the structure of sentences is influenced by the
5、60;relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Pragmatics is sometimes contrasted with semantics, which deals with meaning without reference to the users and communicative fun
6、ctions of sentences. 36. Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. (南开大学,2004)A: When is the bus c
7、oming? B: There has been an accident further up the road. Yes, B is cooperative. On the face of it, Bs statement is not an answer to&
8、#160;As question. B doesnt say when.However, A will immediately interpret the statement as meaning -I dont know or-I am not sure.Just assume that B is being relevant and informativ
9、e. Given that Bs answer contains relevant information, A can work out that an accident further up the road, conventionally involves -traffic jam, and traffic jam preludes bus
10、coming. Thus, Bs answer is not simply a statement of when the bus comes; it contains an implicature concerning when the bus comes.37. What is the function
11、0;of context in communication? Try to explain the following utterances rather than just state facts. (1) The room is messy. (2) It would be&
12、#160;good if she had a green skirt on. It occurs before and / or after a word, a phrase or even a longer utterance or a text. The context often helps&
13、#160;in understanding the particular meaning of the word, phrase, etc. The context may also be the broader social situation in which a linguistic ite
14、m is used. (1) a. A mild criticism of someone who should have cleaned the room.b. In a language class where a student made a mistake, for he&
15、#160;intended to say tidy. c. The room was wanted for a meeting. (2)a.A mild way to express disagreement with someone who has complimented on a ladys ap
16、pearance. B.A regret that the customer had not taken the dress. c. That she wore a red shirt was not in agreement with the custom on the occasion.分析语料 运用音系1语音学1(1)
17、 voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop p speak(2) low front vowel æ pat(3) lateral liquid
18、0; llife(4) velar nasal nsing (5) voiced interdental fricative z zero词汇学1What are the main features of the English compounds?Orthographically a compound can be written as one
19、 word, two separate words with or without a hyphen in between. Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is determined by the last element. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is idiomatic, not calculable from themeanings of all its components. Phonetically, the word stress of a compound usually falls on the first element.语义学2认知语言学 1结合语言学内容,以及自己语言学习经历,说一下对competence的理解,即competence指什么?应该包括什么内容?Competence: According to Chomsky, a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called the linguistic competence.It is an e
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