牛津英语新版八年级下册Unit7Grammar被动语态课件

1、被动语态被动语态丹阳市后巷实验学校 葛家琳被动语态.主动语态与被动语态主动语态与被动语态： 英语的动词有两种语态，即英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态主动语态(The Active Voice)与与被动语态被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者表示主语是动作的承受者。Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态被动语态)判断下面的句子属于主动语态还是被动语态判断下面的句子属

2、于主动语态还是被动语态e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . ( ） Trains are made in Zhuzhou. （ ）2.The farmers grow cotton every year. （ ）Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. （ ）This book was bought by my father.( )My father bought this book.( )主动语态主动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态各种时态被动语态的结构1.一般

3、现在时态的被动语态结构一般现在时态的被动语态结构: 主语主语+am/is/are + vt 过去分词过去分词2.一般过去时态的被动语态结构一般过去时态的被动语态结构:主语主语+ was/ were + vt 过去分词过去分词3.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态:主语主语+情态动词情态动词+be+ vt 过去分词过去分词5.现在进行时态的被动语态现在进行时态的被动语态:主语主语+ am/ is /are+being + vt 过去分词过去分词6.过去进行时态的被动语态：过去进行时态的被动语态：主语主语+ was / were + being+ vt 过去过去分词分词7.现在完成时态的

4、被动语态现在完成时态的被动语态:主语主语+ have/has been + vt 过去分词过去分词4.一般将来时的被动语态结构一般将来时的被动语态结构:主语主语+ will/shall/be going to +be + vt 过去分词过去分词结构：结构：主语主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词一、一、一般现在时态的被动语态一般现在时态的被动语态动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）1、一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，looked played2、结尾是结尾是e的动词加的动词加-d ， lived used3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音

5、节词，先末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再加，再加-ed， planned tripped4、结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”为为“i” ， 再加再加-ed ， study-studied， carry-carried1.speak 2.use3.make 4.write 5.grow 6.plant7.control 8.ask9.plan 10.send 11. build 12.invite不规则动词的过去分词要牢记请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：spoke spokenused

6、 usedmade madewrote writtengrew grownplanted plantedcontrolled controlledasked askedplanned plannedsent sentbuilt builtinvited inviteddo did done are were been 主动语态变被动语态的步骤：主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1 1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2 2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3 3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由byb

7、y引出，引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。e.g many people speak English.Englishis spokenby many people.口诀：主变宾，口诀：主变宾， 宾变主，宾变主， 谓语动词用谓语动词用 be done1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时态的被动语态构成：一般现在时态的被动语态构成：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词She water

8、s the flowers every day.The flowersevery day.are watered by herHe plays basketball every week. Basketball is played by him every week.They do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school.把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、They speak English in Canada .(English.)2、People use

9、 wood for making tables. （wood.）3、They make computers in the USA.（Computers）4、They grow rice in South China.（Rice）English is spoken （by them） in Canada.Wood is used for making tables (by people).Rice is grown in South China (by them).Computer are made in the USA (by them). 二、二、一般过去时态的被动语态一般过去时态的被动语态

10、 主语主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词e.g. The bridge was built last year.e.g. It was used in the old days.e.g. The book was bought two years ago.2. I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me) last term.一般过去时态的被动语态的构成：一般过去时态的被动语态的构成： was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词The light was invented by Th

11、omas Edison .Thomas Edison invented the light. The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.were planted The bridge waswas invitedplay把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；1.They planted these trees on weekends . These trees on weekends.2.The w

12、orkers built the bridge in 1968 built by the workers in 1968.3.People invited Yao Ming to play basketball in the USA. Yao Ming to basketball in the USA.4.IBM produced this new type of laptop computer. This new type of laptop computer by IBM.was produced三、一般将来时态的被动语态结构：主语+will be/be going to be/shall

13、 be+动词的过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.一般将来时态的被动语态的构成一般将来时态的被动语态的构成: :主语主语+will be/be going to be/shall be+will be/be going to be/shall be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词1、We will have a sports meeting next week.2、 Children will take some photos in the schoo

14、lyard tomorrow.3、 The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4、They are going to have a meeting tomorrow.5、She is going to buy some food

15、 later.6、Li Ming and Danny are going to take photos. A meeting is going to be had by them tomorrowSome food is going to be bought by her later.Some photos are going to be taken by Li Ming and Danny.四、含情态动词的被动语态构成：结构：主语+情态动词（can/may/must/should）+be+及物动词过去分词e.g. This bike can be repaired.e.g. The tree

16、 must be put straight in the hole.e.g. The classroom should be cleaned every day.We should clean the classroom every day.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The ba

17、by can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.五、现在进行时态的被动语态构成结构： 主语+ am/is/are + being +过去分词e.g. The school is being built now.e.g. The homework is being done by him now.e.g. The apples are being picked by

18、farmers now.1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时被动语态构成：现在进行时被动语态构成： 主语主语+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词将下列句子变成被动语态1.He is cleaning the room now.2.We are reading books .3.She is listening to the music now.The room is being cleaned by himBooks ar

19、e being read by us.The music is being listened to by her.六、现在完成时的被动语态 结构：主语+ have/has + been+及物动词的过去分词意义：已经被e.g. The room has been cleaned .e.g. The bike has been repaired already.e.g. The passage has been translated into Chinese.1.We have made a keyby us.A keyhas been made将下列句子变成被动语态1.We have alrea

20、dy finished our work2.They have eaten all the bread.3.She has learnt 2,000 words.4.Tom has had 20 English books.Our work has already been finished by us.The bread has already been eaten by them.2,000 words have already been learnt by her.20 English books have been had by Tom. 七、过去进行时态的被动语态构成：结构： 主语+

21、was/were being +及物动词的过去分词意义：过去正在被e.g. The school was being built this time last year.e.g. The apples were being picked by farmers at 2p.m yesterday.八、过去完成时的被动语态结构：主语+ had + been+及物动词的过去分词意义：过去已经被e.g. The room had been cleaned .e.g. The bike had been repaired already.e.g. The passage had been transla

22、ted into Chinese.二、常见语态转换二、常见语态转换（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。引入练习引入练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? _ the bridge _ in 199

23、8?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小结：小结：1、被动语态的转换，在、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定过去分词中，确定_ 是关键，是关键，_永不永不变。变。2、Be的时态由的时态由_确定；确定；be的单的单/复数由复数

24、由_确定。确定。3、问句提前、问句提前_; 否定否定_后加后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe 形形过去分词过去分词主动时态主动时态 被动主语被动主语be动词动词be(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。引入练习引入练习2。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We

25、 must plant more trees. More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _ _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here? _ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubbish here. Rubbish _ _ _ here.6.We cant see many stars. Many stars _ _ _ . 小结：小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：含情态动词的被动结构： _.2.疑问句提前疑问句提前_; 否定句：否定句：_+not.c

26、an be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustnt be thrown cant be seen 情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词感官动词感官动词( (hear, see, watch, feel, notice等等) )和使役动词和使役动词( (let ,make have等等) )在主动语态中在主动语态中后接不带后接不带toto的动词不定式的动词不定式, ,但是改为被动语态时但是改为被动语态时, , 把把toto加在动词原形之前加在动词原形之前. .They made the boys work

27、 12 hours a day.The boys were made to work 12 hours a day.We often see him go for a walk by the river.He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.1. The teachers often make us read books in the morning. We are often made to read books in the morning by the teachers.2. We noticed him talk with my

28、brother just now.He was noticed to talk with my brother just now.3. We saw her help Tom when we enter the room.She was seen to help Tom when we enter the room.4. I made him stop while he was doing the work.He was made to stop while he was doing the work. 中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible. People m

29、ust _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题）A arent; take away B taken awayC isnt; taken away D be taken away3.He _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考

30、题）was toldTThey sent upwere planted are grown Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeingstoppedhasbeenkept1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I f