最实用的翻译策略

1、最实用的翻译策略-汉英翻译八条“戒律”英语学习者一般愿做英译汉题目，怵做汉译英题目。由于历史和文化上的差异，汉英词语之间存在着或显或隐的翻译上的陷阱，导致汉译英(CE)远比英译汉(EC)易于出错。用鲁迅的话说，就是“词典不离手，冷汗不离身。”这提醒译者必须对这些差异心中有数，然后再调和这些差异，“摆平”这些差异。为此，要迈好下面八道坎儿，时刻要留心这八条“戒律”只想为你擦亮满天星光，以免在熟路上“迷失方向”。一、戒“从一而终” 汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用那个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了

2、。比如：都是“问题”，下面的翻译各不相同，几乎是打一枪换一个地方。共同关心的问题questions of common interest解决问题olve a problem问题的关键the heart of the matter关键问题a key problem原则问题a question/ matter of principle悬而未决的问题an outstanding issue没有什么问题。Without any mishap摩托车有点问题。Something is wrong with the motorcycle.问题不在这里。That is not the point.最近揭发出相

3、当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。Serious cases of embezzlement, bribery, and bureaucracy have been brought to light recently.译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”，翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。沙博里将水浒传译为：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。杨宪益译将屈原的国殇译为：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社将儒林外史译为：The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。二、戒望文生义，

4、机械直译 这多半是初学者犯的毛病，他们易于被表面现象所迷惑，做出令人啼笑皆非的事情。黄牛（yellow cowox前误后正，下同）与黄鹂（yellow bird oriole）从小青梅竹马(green plum bamboo horsegrew up together)，黄牛喜欢青稞(green seedling highland barley)、黄瓜( yellow meloncucumber、紫菜（purple vegetable laver）、白菜( white vegetable Chinese cabbage)，黄鹂喜欢紫薇(purple rose crape myrtle)、红木(

5、red woodpad auk)、红豆杉(red firChinese yew)。黑社会(black society sinister gang)的黑猩猩(black orangutan chimpanzee)用黑话(black wordargot)给他们作了红娘(red mothermatchmaker)。二者选了个猴年马月的黄道吉日(yellow waylucky day)，在长满兰花(blue flowerorchid)、紫丁香(purple cloverlilac)紫茉莉(purple jasmine four-oclock)的绿洲( green continent oasis)上，举

6、行了别开生面的婚礼。双双当场交换了礼物，黄牛给黄鹂的礼物是蓝宝石(blue gem sapphire)、红宝石(red gemruby)；黄鹂给黄牛的是白话(white word vernacular)水浒、白兰地(white blue land brandy)。他们从此红运(red fortune good luck)当头，青云直上(blue cloud soar higher and higher)。 （选自艾临每天幽它一默）三、戒“水土不符”，习惯搭配失当 这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”，甚至大家也难免有闪失。

7、白洋淀的导游牌上，“红菱”被硬硬地翻译成Red Ling。菱角有对应词的，应改为Red WaterChestnut。这里常常有外国人参观，如此翻译，令人汗颜！ 下面的几段译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯。老者道：“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远，正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰，周围寸草不生，若过此山，就是铜脑盖，铁身躯，也要化成汁哩。”“Its impossible to get to the west,” the old man replied, “The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross

8、 them to get to the west, but theyre over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them.” （詹纳尔译西游记·孙悟空一调芭蕉扇）美国把贸易和人权扯在一起，只会损害两国的经济利益。The US policy of linking trade with human rights ca

9、n only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.关起门来搞建设是不成的，中国的发展离不开世界。China cant develop in isolation from the rest of the world.四、戒主语暗淡  主语是句子的灵魂， 定住译文的主语的是关键性一步棋。主语定偏了，整个句子将显得松散乏力，甚至误导读者。如果这个问题不解决，势必影响两国的利益。Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between t

10、he two countries seriously.If the problem is not solved , it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries在上面的两种译文中，显然第一种译文主语选得好，句子流畅。共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。Any day will do? 哪一天都可以？ Any messages for me? 有我的留言吗？ Are you by yourself? 你一个人来吗？ All right with you? 你没有问题吧？ Are you free tomorrow?

11、 明天有空吗？ Are you kidding me? 你在跟我开玩笑吧？ As soon as possible! 尽可能快！ Back in a moment! 马上回来！ Believe it or not! 信不信由你！ Better luck next time! 下次会更好！ Boy will be boys 本性难移！ Come to the point! 有话直说！ Do you accept plastic? 收不收行用卡？ Does it keep long? 可以保存吗？ Don't be so fussy! 别挑剔了！ Don't count on me

12、! 别指望我！ Don't fall for it! 不要上当！ Don't get me wrong! 你搞错了！ Don't give me that! 少来这套！ Don't let me down! 别让我失望！ Don't lose your head! 别乐昏了头！ Don't over do it! 别做过头了！ Don't sit there daydreaming! 别闲着做白日梦！ Don't stand on ceremony! 别太拘束！ Drop me a line! 要写信给我！Easy come ea

13、sy go! 来得容易去得也快！ First come first served! 先到先得！ Get a move on! 快点吧！ Get off my back! 不要嘲笑我！ Give him the works! 给他点教训！ Give me a break! 饶了我吧！ Give me a hand! 帮我一个忙！ Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同！ I'll treat you to lunch. 午餐我请你！ In one ear, out the other ear. 一耳进，一耳出！ I'm spaced-out! 我开小差了！

14、 I beg your pardon! 请你再说一遍！ I can't afford that! 我付不起！ I can't follow you! 我不懂你说的！ I can't help it! 我情不自禁！ I couldn't reach him! 我联络不上他！ I cross my heart! 我发誓是真的！ I don't mean it! 我不是故意的！ I feel very miserable! 我好沮丧！ I have no choice! 我别无选择了！ I watch my money! 视财如命！ I'll be i

15、n touch! 保持联络！ I'll check it out! 我去看看！ I'll show you around! 我带你四处逛逛！ I'll see to it! 我会留意的！ I'm crazy for you! 我为你疯狂！ You make me jump! 你下了我一跳！ Make up your mind. 作个决定吧！ Make yourself at home! 就当在家一样！ My mouth is watering! 我要流口水了！ Never heard of it! 没听说过！ Nice talking to you! 很高兴和你

16、聊天！ No doubt about it! 勿庸置疑！ No pain no gain! 不经一事，不长一智！ None of your business! 要你管？ There is nothing on your business! 这没你的事！ Now you are really talking! 说得对！ Please don't rush me! 请不要吹促我！ Please keep me informed! 请一定要通知我！ She looks blue today. 她今天很忧郁！ She is under the weather. 她心情不好！ So far, s

17、o good. 过得去Speaking of the devil! 一说曹操，曹操就到！ Stay away from me! 离我远一点！ Stay on the ball! 集中注意力！ That makes no difference. 不都一样吗？ That's a touchy issue! 这是个辣手得问题！ That's always the case! 习以为常！ That's going too far! 这太离谱了！ That's more like that! 这才象话嘛！ The answer is zero! 白忙了！ The dice

18、 is cast! 已成定局了！ The same as usual! 一如既往！ The walls have ears! 隔墙有耳！ There you go again! 你又来了！ Time is running out! 没有时间了！Greetings 问候语1. Hello. 你好！2. Good morning. 早上好。3. I am Kate Green. 我是凯特·格林。4. Are you Tom Brown? 你是汤姆·布朗吗？5. Yes, I am. 是的，我是。6. How do you do? 你好！How do you do? 你好！7.

19、How are you? 你好吗？Fine, thanks. 很好，谢谢。8. How is your mother? 你妈妈好吗？9. She is very well, thank you. 她很好，谢谢你。10. Good afternoon. 午安。11. Good evening. 晚上好。12. Good night. 晚安。13. Good-bye. 再见。14. See you in the evening. 晚上见。15. So long. 再见。Classroom expressions 课堂用语16. Stand up, please. 请站起来。17. Sit down

20、, please. 请坐下。18. I am sorry. I am late. May I come in? 对不起，我迟到了，我可以进来吗？19. Come in, please. 请进。20. Open your books, please. 请打开书本。21. Close your books, please. 请把书合上。22. Do you understand? 你明白了吗？23. Yes, I see. 是的，我明白了。24. No, I don't quite understand. 不，我不大明白。25. Listen to me and then repeat.

21、听我读，然后重复一遍。26. Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。27. Read after me, please. 请跟我读。28. This is Lesson Two. 这是第二课。29. It's time to begin. 是开始的时候了。30. Class is over. 下课。Identifying objects 辨别物品31. What's this? 这是什么？32. This is a pencil. 这是一支铅笔。33. Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？34. No, it is Mike&

22、#39;s. 不，这是麦克的书。35. Whose pen is this? 这是谁的钢笔？ 36. It's mine. 它是我的。37. What's that? 那是什么？38. Is that a ruler? 那是一把尺子吗？39. No, it isn't. 不，不是。40. It's a TV. 那是一台电视机。41. Is this cup yours? 这个茶杯是你的吗？42. Yes, it is mine. 是的，是我的。43. Where is the store? 商店在哪里？44. It is over there. 它在那边。45.

23、 Is this picture his? 这张图片是他的吗？46. What are these? 这些是什么？47. These are horses. 这些是马。48. Where are the sheep? 绵羊在哪里？49. There they are. 它们在那里。50. These are her books. 这些是她的书。 51. Where are your trousers? 你的裤子在哪里？52. They are here. 它们在这里。53. Are they Jack's cakes? 那些是杰克的蛋糕吗？54. No, they aren't. 不，不是。55. Those are yours. 那些是你