北邮数电综合试验分析报告

1、北邮数电综合实验报告作者:日期:2点阵赛车游戏学院：信息与通信工程学院专业：通信工程班级：姓名：学号：班内序号：8 / 20一、设计课题的任务要求用8X8点阵进行5秒倒计时显示，当5秒倒计时结束后，点阵显示 赛道和赛车的初始位置，赛车游戏开始，并开始计时，用两个数码管 显示时间。用红色表示赛道，黄色表示赛车的初始位置，箭头表示赛 车行进的方向。用BTN1BTN3三个按键分别控制赛车的左移、前进、 右移，最终使赛车在不碰撞赛道的情况下走完全程，游戏结束，点阵 显示V”图案，数码管显示走完全程所耗费的时间。当游戏时间超过 59秒，或者赛车在行进过程中碰撞赛道，游戏失败，点阵显示X”图案。通过按键B

2、TN0进行复位，控制点阵返回到初始状态。二、系统设计1、设计思路这个过程乍一看蛮复杂的，但是当我经过仔细分析后发现，我的 代码可以按照这个游戏的运行过程来写。 这个游戏分为4个状态， 即倒计时，运行，成功和失败。倒计时部分根据不同数字在点阵 上的位置很容易设计出来，运行部分便是初始化赛道，赛车的位 置，然后用按键来控制赛车运动，在这个过程中要不断判断赛车 是否撞墙和到达终点，如果到达终点便进入第三个状态，成功， 即显示“ V”；若果撞墙便进入第四个状态，失败，即显示“ X”。 在游戏运行的同时数码管还要计时。2、总体框图(1系统结构图(2)ASM 图启动是否复位,计时*f移动/ ,NY是否碰到

3、边界是否到达终点NAir、显示“X”LJj/显示“ VJ是否复位倒计时ES移动撞显示(3)状态转移图(4)功能模块图显示“ X”V分频器控制器方向控制模块显示存储器点阵显示计时器数码管RES3、模块设计(1) 分频模块分频器：因为原有低频时钟为 50MHZ如果直接用这个时钟信号 同时实现计时和显示部分，故需两个分频器，分别将时钟频率分 为1Hz和1kHz, 1Hz用来控制倒计时和游戏运行过程中的计时， 1kHz用来控制点阵和数码管的显示。(2) 游戏模块刚开始的代码有一个判断是否复位的代码，如果RESET=,1将代码中定义的一些信号初始化，之后整个过程分为四个状态，即 STATE可取 0,1,

4、2,3四个值。0处于倒计时状态，1处于用按键控 制赛车运动的状态，2处于到达终点的状态，并且显示“ V 3处 于失败的状态，并且显示“ X”。当STATE=C时，游戏处于倒计时状态，倒计时五秒，利用五个数 字在点阵上的不同位置初始化点阵，分别对应五个数字，在时钟 1Hz下做倒计时五秒的工作。当STATE=1时，处于用按键控制赛车运动的状态，此期间分别用 BTN1 BTN2 BTN3来控制赛车的右，前，左的运动方向，运动期 间还要不断判断赛车是否撞到墙或者障碍物，以及判断赛车是否 到达终点，一次来确定游戏是否进入 STATE=2或 STATE=3犬态。当STATE=2寸，要在点阵上显示“ V&#

5、39;，即给点阵矩阵初始化显示 此图形的数据。当STATE=3寸，要在点阵上显示“ X”，即给点阵矩阵初始化显示此图形的数据。(3) 显示模块因为所有状态不能同时显示，故循环显示电路分别扫描。当时钟 频率足够大时，根据视觉暂留则可看到较为稳定的画面。点阵显示是在时钟频率1kHz下一行一行扫描，这样在不同时候就 可以显示不同的图形，比如倒计时的5,4,3,2,1 和赛道，赛车的位置；其次是数码管的显示，数码管首先有个控制计数的代码， 此计数是在时钟频率1Hz下工作的，然后在时钟频率1kHz的控制下分别让两个数码管显示，此即为计时器的显示三、仿真波形及波形分析倒计时波形点阵显示数码管显示及波形8

6、/ 20数码管显示四、源程序LIBRARY IEEE;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;ENTITY CAR ISPORT(CLK:IN STD_LOGIC; -时钟信号RESET:IN STD_LOGIC;-复位输入CONTROL:IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0);赛车控制ROW:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO-0)行控制输出COLR,COLG:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 D

7、OWNTO0)列控制输出CAT:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(5 DOWNTO 0-;数码管选通DISPLAY:OUT STD_L0GIC_VECT0R(6 DOWNTC数码管显示)；END CAR;ARCHITECTURE behave OF CAR ISSIGNAL TEMP1:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 49999;-分频信号SIGNAL TEMP2:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 49999999;SIGNAL CLK1K:STD_LOGIG-频率 1kHz 时钟SIGNAL CLK1HZ:STD_LOGIC;-频率 1Hz 时钟SIGNAL TIMEH:I

8、NTEGER RANGE 0 TO 5;-十位计数SIGNAL TIMEL:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 9;-个位计数SIGNAL LIGHTH:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 DOWNTO 0);-十位数码管控制信号SIGNAL l_l GHTL:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 DOWNTO 0) 个 位数码管控制信号TYPE PRESENT_STATE IS (H,L);-自定义变量SIGNAL P_STATE:PRESENT_STATE;SIGNAL STATE:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 3;-四个状态控制信号SIGNAL COUNT : INTEGER

9、 RANGE 0 TO 6;-倒计时控制信号SIGNAL CX,CY:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 7;-赛车坐标控制信号SIGNAL ROWS:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0-;行控制信号SIGNAL COLR7,COLR6,COLR5,COLR4,COLR3,COLR2,COLR1,COLR0,列控制信号COLG7,COLG6,COLG5,COLG4,COLG3,COLG2,COLG1,COLGO:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0);BEGINDIV1K:PROCESS(CLK)BEGINIF CLK'EVENT AND CLK

10、 = '1' THENIF TEMPI = 49999 THENTEMPI <= 0;ELSETEMPI <= TEMPI + 1;END IF;IF TEMP1 < 25000 THENCLK1K <= '0'ELSECLK1K <= '1'END IF;END IF;END PROCESS;DIV1HZ:PROCESS(CLK)-分频1kHz-分频1HzBEGIN14 / 20IF CLK'EVENT AND CLK = '1' THENIF TEMP2 = 49999999 THENTE

11、MP2 <= 0;ELSETEMP2 <= TEMP2 + 1;END IF;IF TEMP2 < 25000000 THENCLK1HZ <= 'O'ELSECLK1HZ <= '1'END IF;END IF;END PROCESS;GAMERUN:PROCESS(CLK1HZ,RESET)BEGINIF RESET = '1' THENSTATE <= 0;COUNT <= 6;CX <= 2;CY <= 0;TIMEH <= 0;TIMEL <= 0;COLG7 <=

12、 "00000000"COLG6 <= "00000000"COLG5 <= "00000000"COLG4 <= "00000000"COLG3 <= "00000000"COLG2 <= "00000000"COLG1 <= "00000000"COLG0 <= "00000000"ELSIF CLK1HZ'EVENT AND CLK1HZ = '1' THENCAS

13、E STATE ISWHEN 0 =>CASE COUNT ISWHEN 6 => COUNT <= 5;COLR7 <= "00000000"COLR6 <= "00000000"COLR5 <= "00000000"COLR4 <= "00000000"COLR3 <= "00000000"-游戏运行进程复位和初始化-点阵倒计时COLR2 <= "00000000"COLRO <= "00000000&

14、quot;WHEN 5 => COUNT <= 4;COLR7 <= "00111100"COLR6 <= "00100000"COLR5 <= "00100000"COLR4 <= "00111100"COLR3 <= "00000100"COLR2 <= "00000100"COLR1 <= "00000100"COLR0 <= "00111100"WHEN 4 =>

15、 COUNT <=3;COLR7 <= "00100100"COLR6 <= "00100100"COLR5 <= "00100100"COLR4 <= "00111100"COLR3 <= "00000100"COLR2 <= "00000100"COLR1 <= "00000100"COLR0 <= "00000100"WHEN 3 => COUNT <= 2;COL

16、R7 <= "00111100"COLR6 <= "00000100"COLR5 <= "00000100"COLR4 <= "00111100"COLR3 <= "00000100"COLR2 <= "00000100"COLR1 <= "00000100"COLR0 <= "00111100"WHEN 2 => COUNT <= 1;COLR7 <= "00

17、111100"COLR6 <= "00000100"COLR5 <= "00000100"COLR4 <= "00111100"COLR3 <= "00100000"COLR2 <= "00100000"COLR1 <= "00100000"COLR0 <= "00111100"WHEN 1 => COUNT <= 0;COLR7 <= "00001000"COLR6

18、 <= "00001000"COLR5 <= "00001000"COLR4 <= "00001000"COLR3 <= "00001000"COLR2 <= "00001000"18 / 20C0LR1 <= "00001000"COLRO <= "00001000"WHEN 0 => COUNT <= 6;STATE <= 1;END CASE;WHEN 1 =>IF TIMEL = 9

19、 THENTIMEL <= 0;IF TIMEH = 5 THENTIMEH <= 0;IF CY /= 7 THENSTATE <= 3;ELSESTATE <= 2;END IF;ELSETIMEH <= TIMEH + 1;END IF;ELSETIMEL <= TIMEL + 1;END IF;COLG7 <= "00001110"COLG6 <= "00000000"COLG5 <= "00000000"COLG4 <= "00000000"CO

20、LG3 <= "00000000"COLG2 <= "00000000"COLG1 <= "00000000"COLG0 <= "00000000"COLR7 <= "00011111"COLR6 <= "00010001"COLR5 <= "00010001"COLR4 <= "00100010"COLR3 <= "01000100"COLR2 <= &q

21、uot;10001000"COLR1 <= "10001000"COLR0 <= "10001000"CASE CY ISWHEN 0 => COLG0(7-CX) <= '1'WHEN 1 => COLG1(7-CX) <= '1'WHEN 2 => COLG2(7-CX) <= '1'WHEN 3 => COLG3(7-CX) <= '1'WHEN 4 => COLG4(7-CX) <= '1

22、9;-数码管计时-初始化赛道-赛车坐标WHEN 5 => COLG5(7-CX) <= '1'20 / 20WHEN 6 => COLG6(7-CX) <= '1'WHEN 7 => COLG7(7-CX) <= '1'END CASE;CASE CONTROL IS-按键控制赛车WHEN "100" => CX <= CX - 1;WHEN "010" => CY <= CY + 1;WHEN "001" => CX &

23、lt;= CX + 1;WHEN OTHERS => NULL;END CASE;CASE CY IS-判断移动后是否撞墙WHEN 0 => IF COLR0(7-CX) = '1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG0(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 1 => IF COLR1(7-CX) = '1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG1(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 2 => IF COLR2(7-CX) =

24、'1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG2(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 3 => IF COLR3(7-CX) = '1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG3(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 4 => IF COLR4(7-CX) = '1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG4(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 5 => IF COLR5

25、(7-CX) = '1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG5(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 6 => IF COLR6(7-CX) = '1' THEN STATE <= 3; ELSE COLG6(7-CX) <= '1'END IF;WHEN 7 => STATE <= 2;END CASE;IF CY = 7 THEN STATE <= 2; END IF;-判断移动后是否到达终点WHEN 2 =>COLR7 <= "

26、00000000"-到达终点后显示“ V'COLR6 <= "00000000"COLR5 <= "00000000"COLR4 <= "00000000"COLR3 <= "00000000"COLR2 <= "00000000"COLR1 <= "00000000"COLR0 <= "00000000"COLG7 <= "00000000"COLG6 <= &q

27、uot;00000001"COLG5 <= "10000010"COLG4 <= "01000100"COLG3 <= "00101000"COLG2 <= "00010000"COLG1 <= "00000000"COLG0 <= "00000000"WHEN 3 =>COLG7 <= "00000000"-撞墙后显示“ X”C0LG6 <= "00000000"COLG

28、5 <= "00000000"COLG4 <= "00000000"COLG3 <= "00000000"COLG2 <= "00000000"COLG1 <= "00000000"COLG0 <= "00000000"COLR7 <= "00000000"COLR6 <= "01000010"COLR5 <= "00100100"COLR4 <= &quo

29、t;00011000"COLR3 <= "00011000"COLR2 <= "00100100"COLR1 <= "01000010"COLR0 <= "00000000"END CASE;END IF;END PROCESS;LSTSHOW:PROCESS(CLK1K)-在点阵上显示倒计时、赛道、和赛车BEGINIF CLK1K'EVENT AND CLK1K = '1' THENCASE ROWS ISWHEN "11111110"

30、 => COLR <= COLR0; COLG <= COLG0; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "11111101"WHEN "11111101" => COLR <= COLR1; COLG <= COLG1; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "11111011"WHEN "11111011" => COLR <= COLR2; COLG <= COLG2; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <=

31、"11110111"WHEN "11110111" => COLR <= COLR3; COLG <= COLG3; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "11101111"WHEN "11101111" => COLR <= COLR4; COLG <= COLG4; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "11011111"WHEN "11011111" => COLR <= COLR5;

32、COLG <= COLG5; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "10111111"WHEN "10111111" => COLR <= COLR6; COLG <= COLG6; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "01111111"WHEN "01111111" => COLR <= COLR7; COLG <= COLG7; ROW <= ROWS; ROWS <= "11111110"WHEN

33、OTHERS => ROWS <= "11111110"END CASE;END IF;END PROCESS;-将计时译码至数码管上SHOWT:PROCESS(CLK1K,TIMEH,TIMEL)BEGINCASE TIMEH ISWHEN 5=>LIGHTH<="1011011"WHEN 4=>LIGHTH<="0110011"WHEN 3=>LIGHTH<="1111001"WHEN 2=>LIGHTH<="1101101"WHE

34、N 1=>LIGHTH<="0110000"WHEN 0=>LIGHTH<="1111110"WHEN OTHERS=>LIGHTH<="0000000"END CASE;CASE TIMEL ISWHEN 9=>LIGHTL<="1111011"WHEN 8=>LIGHTL<="1111111"WHEN 7=>LIGHTL<="1110000"WHEN 6=>LIGHTL<="10

35、11111"WHEN 5=>LIGHTL<="1011011"WHEN 4=>LIGHTL<="0110011"WHEN 3=>LIGHTL<="1111001"WHEN 2=>LIGHTL<="1101101"WHEN 1=>LIGHTL<="0110000"WHEN 0=>LIGHTL<="1111110"WHEN OTHERS=>LIGHTL<="0000000&qu

36、ot; END CASE;-利用视觉暂留显示计时IF CLK1K'EVENT AND CLK1K='1' THEN CASE P_STATE ISWHEN L => P_STATE <= H; CAT <= "111110"DISPLAY <= l_l GHTL;WHEN H => P_STATE <= L;CAT <= "111101" DISPLAY <= l_l GHTH;END CASE;END IF;END PROCESS;END behave;五、功能说明：1、复位：当按

37、下BTN0时，赛道，计时等控制模块初始化，游戏重启2、方向控制：BTN1BTN2 BTN3分别控制赛车向右，上，左运动3、当赛车撞墙或障 碍物时，游戏失败，显示“ X”4、当赛车到达终点24 / 20时，游戏成功，显示“ V”六、元器件清单及资源利用情况：1、元器件系统时钟CLK点阵行显示ROW0R0W7红点阵列显示COLR0 COLR7,绿点阵列显示 COLG0 COLG7 数码管控制选通CAT CAT6数码管显示 DISPLAY0卜DISPLAY6拨码开关 BTN1,BTN2,BTN3,BTN44 F te d*j|pqwffl.rin血;亦庶*曲 cah |乔昭*Tar ._wrSW*R

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