中考英语语法专题篇语法互动(十三)_复合句(宾语从句.

1、语法互动（十三）从甸K甸语法互动（十三） 复合句课标考点1. 掌握宾语从句的分类及其用法。2. 掌握状语从句的分类及其用法。3. 掌握定语从句的分类及其用法。考点一：宾语从句1.引导词在以that引导的宾语从句中，若是that引导陈述句作宾 语，that可以省略。如：The radio says （that） it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。语法互动(十三)(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导特殊疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改 用陈述语序。如：Could you tell meto you

2、?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？(3) 以whether或if引导一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语 的从句，从句改用陈述语序。如：I wonderyou have told the news to Li Lei我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。语法互动(十三)2时态(1) 当主句为一般现在时.现在逬行时.或一般将来时时 ,从句使用相对应的时态。如：Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morningjJ 明想要知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。(2) 当主句为一般过去时时，从句要用相对应的过去时。 如：We asked what Jean

3、was doing then. 我们i可Jtan那时正在做什么。语法互动（十三）（3）当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要 使用一般现在时。如：Lisa asked whether lightfaster than sound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声速快。Polly said no news is good news.波利说没有消息就是好消息。语法互动（十三）3语序(1) 陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is a good boy. The teacher said. -The teacher said (that) he was a good boy.(2)

4、 般疑问句和特殊疑i可句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述 语序。Does he work hard ? I wonder-1 wonder if/whetherWhen did he leave ? I dont know. TI dont know when heleft.语法互动（十三）提醒宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+ to do-结构的简单句。I dont dnow what I should say.-1 dont know what语法互动（十三）4. 直接引语与间接引语（1）人称的变化随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新She said U am t

5、ired.她说：“我累了。”-She said thattired.她说她累了。The headmaster said to usYou must study hard now校长说：“你们现在一定要努力学习。”-The headmaster told us thathad to study hardthem校长告诉我们，我们那时必须努力学习。语法互动(十三)(2)引导词和语序语法互动(十三)(3)时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时 态一致。其规律一般是：一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时 一般将来时一过去将来时 现在进行时一过去进行时 现在完成时一过去完成时

6、过去完成时不变将来进行时一过去将来进行时将来完成时一过去将来完成时语法互动(十三)(4) 指示代词、时间和地点状语等的变化thisthatthesethosenowtodaythat daytonightthis week(year, term)yesterdaylast week(year, term)the week(year, term)beforetwo years agotomorrowthe next(following)day next week(year, term)the next week(year, term) here come bring语法互动(十三)考点二：状语从

7、句1.用法分类(1) 时间状语从句由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as, since等引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。如：I feel very happy Imeet my friends again.当我再次遇见我的朋友们时我感到很高兴。We have made many dumplingswe began to cook.自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。He didnt go to bedhe finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed表示的动作不能持续)引导词where

8、, whereverbecause 9 as和since（既然）so that（以便），in order that（为了，目的是）语法互动（十三）（3）其他状语从句及其引导词though（虽然），although（虽然），even if = even though（即使）语法互动（十三）III call himhe comes back.他一回来我就给他打电话。Father was cleaning the carI was playingcomputer games.当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。（2）条件状语从句由if（如果）引导的状语从句，叫做条件状语从句。it doesnt

9、rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike. 如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。than, asas, not so/asasthat, so that, sothat, suchthat（以至于）语法互动（十三）2 主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时 态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况:（丄）主现从现：若主句足祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时， 那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。The traffic must stop when th

10、e lights当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。语法互动（十三）（2）主将从现：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。如:I will visit my good friend when Itime.当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。If shehere tomorrow, I will go to the park with her.女口果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。（3）宾语从句和状语从句同时出现I dont know if（是否）he will come.If（女口果）he comes9 I will tell him about the accident.我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，

11、我将告 诉他这起事故。I don*t know when（什么时候）he will come tomorrow. When（当 的时候）he comes, I will tell him about the news.我不知道他 明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。语法互动(十三)(4) 过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从 句可以用一般过去时，或过去进行时。Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。3.引导词与连词的使用because与so不能同时用在一个主、从复合句中； although/tho

12、ugh与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。Though/Although it was late, they kept working尽管很晚了，他们仍然继续工作。语法互动(十三)考点三：定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that;关系副词有when, where, whyo1.关系代词的基本用法作主语指人who/that作宾语who/whom/that作定语whose指物 which/thatwhich/thatwhose语法互动(十三)2 关系代词的特殊用法that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词，有的只能用that, 有的只能用whi

13、cho(1 )下列情况只能用that 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。如：All (that)you have to do is to practise every day.There isnft much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时。如：The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen*语法互动(十三) 先行词被al

14、l, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不 定代词修饰时。如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰 时。如：The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very bookI want to read.This is the same skirt that I want to buy(同一条裙子)语法互动（十三） 当主句是以who或

15、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从 句用that引导。如：Who is the man that is standing there?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this? 先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and thingswe couldremember.语法互动(十三) time作先行词，前面如果有序数词或last来修饰时，定 语从句用that来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last来修饰时, 既可用when也可用that来引导。This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.The first time (that) I saw him was in 1972.下列情况只能用which 关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词+ which的结构。This is the book foryou ask.这是你要的书。 引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用whichoThis novel , which I have read three times, is very touching 这本小说很