韩礼德的语言功能观.

1、TTTT臂。V 韩礼德的7功能观-通过对儿竜语言发展的观察和研究韩礼徳区分 了语言的功能。他把儿童语言发展的过程看作是 逐渐掌握语言功能的过程，因此提出了幼儿语言 模式中的7种功能： (i)lnstrumental function 匸JL功能 (2)Reaulatory fu nction密制功能 Heuristic function 屛 发功能 (4)lnteactional function 4动功能 (5)Personal function 个人功能(G)lmaQinative function 想彖功fe (7)|nformative functiondJ、功能strumental

2、function工具功能 The instrumental function is to useIanguage to achieve a certain purpose in a straightforward manner. e.g. A child is crying or screaming in an attempt to attract attention of the surrounding adults. e.g.表示“我要那个东西”这种语义$产Regulatory function控制功能 The regulatory function is a process in whi

3、ch Ianguage is being used to attempt to guide other individuals to ones purposes. e.g表示“给我点奶等意义 ? e.g.选举演说Heuristic function启发功能 The heuristic function uses Ianguage to acquire, retain and assimilate knowiedge, as well as to explore the surroundingenvironment of the learner. e.g. A toddler is attemp

4、ting to imitate certain conversational phrases used by the adults and subsequently able to use it in the appropriate communicative context.-egr那是什么？ ”a八nL interactional function互动功能 The interactional function is usingIanguage to bridge personalities and build relationships between individuals.-eg对父母

5、及其他对他重要的人说U尔好”、 “见到你很高兴等 ? e.g. 士兵之间说行话以联络感情ASPersonal function个人功能 The personal function is relegated to explore ones innermost feelings and emoti onseg哦很高兴J “我不喜欢那个”等 ? eg写日记 IL imaginative function想象功能 The imaginative function governs the use of creativity of the human mind where Ianguage forms t

6、he imaginative strata in complex emotional and human portrayal in literature.-eg他是不是要离开我了？ ” eg 使用从未听说过的话语A informative function信息功能 The informative function is used to pass on information, organiza facts and data, and educate others of such information through deliberated Ianguage. e.g我头疼J “妈妈出去了”1

7、八 ? e.g.教师上课韩礼德的元功能学说从16个半月开始，幼儿语言开始向成人语 言转化。在这个时期，幼儿开始运用成人 语言中的词汇和语法。他们的语言功能也 更为抽象和复杂。山于成人的语言更为复 杂而且耍完成很多功能，因此幼儿语言最 初的功能范围逐渐缩小为一组高度字符化 并H抽象的功能，及元功能： (i)ldeational metmfunction概念功自总 (2)lnterpersonal metafunction人际功能 (3)Textual metafunction语篇功能Ideational metafunction概念功能-概念功能就是向听话人传递新信息。及物性系统Tran sit

8、ivity参与考P artici pants过程Processes环境物质过程Material Processes 心理过用Mental Processes 关系过 fV Relational Processes言语过程Verbal Processes 行为过程Behavioural Processes厂弋存在过程 Existential语态VoiceCircunstances Processes加 Interpersonal metafunction人际功能-人际功能包括了衣达社会和个人关系的所 有语言使用。语气主语SubjectMood助动 Auxiliary Verbs限定成分Finit

9、e悄态动wIModal Verbs剩余部分Residue谓语P redicator 补足语 Com plement 附加语Adjunctthat tea potthe dukehasgivento my aunt last year补足语主语限定成分谓语附加语com plementsunjectfinitep redicatoradjunct剩余成分语气剩余成分residuemoodresidueextual metafunction语篇功能-语篇功能是指语言中有一种机制，町以将 任何一段口头或书而的话语组织成连贯统 一的篇章，使一个活的言语信息片段区别 于一堆随机排列的句子。主位Theme述

10、位Rheme讎徳认为，句子是概念意义、人际意义和语篇意义同 （於保a的产物。例如：%念意义 ideational 物质过程 materialThis houseWasbuiltBy John Smithn 标 goal： 受影响者过 FT process: 物质 material参与者 p artici pant: 右生命的人际意义 interpers onal 陈述 declarative语气mood剩余成分residueKi/V subject限定成分finitep redicator附加谄 adjunct语篇窓义 textual 无标记主位 unmarked theme主位theme述位

11、rheme已旬信息given新诲new*Metafunctional Layering系统网络system networks The metafufictional theory is part of the functional” side of SFG, but it is also important in the systemic side of SFG. Each metafunction has a principal system in the networks for clauses, verbal groups and nominal groups. These princi

12、pal systems are shown in Figure below, taken from Matthiessen &,Bateman 1991.八A 亠 Figure: Principal systemsclauseverbal groiij) nominal groupideational TRANSITRIK TENSE MODinCATIONiiiteq)ersonal M(X)DMODALHYPERSONtextualTHEMEVOICEDETERMINATIONA An important theoretical point is that in general, in the system networks