小学英语基础语法总结(附练习)

1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考小学英语基础语法总结 （附练习）Contents第一章名词1. 名词的数2. 名词的格第二章 代词1. 人称代词2. 物主代词第三章冠词与数词1. 冠词2. 数词第四章 句型1陈述句2疑问句3祈使句4、 There be句型与 have has第五章时态第六章总结考试学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考* 红字及红字所示范围内的语法知识需重点掌握第一章名词（ Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数； 不可数名词表

2、示量时，通常用 “数词 +单位 +of+ 物质名词” 的形式， 如 apiece of bread (一片面包 ) ， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如： twopieces of bread(两片面包 ) 。* 名词复数 的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加s.词尾读音shop - shops (商店 )在清辅音后读 s bag - bags (书包 )在浊辅音后读 z window - windows (窗户 )在元音后读 z 2.以 s, x, sh, ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。class - classes (班级 )词尾读音 iz box - boxes (盒子 )match -

3、 matches (比赛 )brush - brushes (刷子 )3. 以“辅音字母 +y ” 结尾的词， 变 y 为 i 加 es.story - stories (故事 )词尾读音 iz 4.以“元音字母+y ” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加skey - keys词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys5. 以 “ o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“ s” , 但个别加 “ es”tomato - tomatoes (西红柿 )词尾读音 z potato - potatoes (土豆 )zoo - zoos (动物园 )photo - photos (照片 )* （以 “o”结尾，

4、复数加 “ es”）口诀：黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato) ，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6.以 f或 fe结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe为 ves.leaf - leaves (树叶 )词尾读音 vz 学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考knife - knives (小刀 )* （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，需把f 或 fe变 ves 的单词）口诀：妻子（ wife ）持刀（ knife ）去宰狼（ wolf ），小偷（ thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（ shelf ）保己命，半 (half)片树叶（ leaf ）

5、遮目光。* （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿 (giraffe) 站在屋檐 (roof) 下，左手拿着手绢 (handkerchief) ，右手拿着高尔夫球 (golf) 。例： roof - roofs (屋顶 )7. 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人 )tooth -teeth (牙齿 )child - children (儿童 )mouse - mice(老鼠 )foot - feet (脚 )woman - women (女人 )8. 名词单复数形式一样sheep - sheep (绵羊 )deer - deer（鹿）English - E

6、nglish（英国人）Chinese - Chinese（中国人）* （不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人 a 变 e；鹅，足，牙齿oo 变 ee；其实老鼠也好记ous 变 ic ；孩子加上ren ，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词 所有格的构成法（ 表示“谁谁谁的” ）1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如 :This is Toms desk .这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mike s book.那是迈克的书。2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s , 则仅加一个 . 如:the teachers reading room教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词

7、是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上s 。如：the children s palace少年宫men s room男厕所* 名词所有格口诀：名词所有格， s 前面加一撇，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式puter_ 2.apple_ 3.city_4.house_ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato_8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot_ 11.wife _ 12.potato_13.play_14.day_ 15.glass _1

8、6.radio_17.zoo_18.life _19.story_20.leaf_21.baby_22.dress_23.butterfly_24.deer_25.class_26.brush_27.key_28.English_29.mouse_30.man_二、汉译英1Tom的足球 _2.老师们的自行车 _3学生们的课桌_4. 哥哥的文具盒 _5姑姑的卡片 _6. 猴子们的香蕉 _7蚂蚁们的早餐 _8. 妈妈的包 _9姐姐的连衣裙 _10. 女孩们的苹果 _三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些是 Peter 的篮球吗？_2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_3有一些书在 Sam的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室

9、里。_四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table._2.This is Alice dress. _学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考3.I like tomato very much. _五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._能力测试卷（名词）一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2. boxb

10、usbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkeybabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6.childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike. _三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room.A

11、. ChinesesB. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out.A. two toothsB. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore.学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考A. Childrens booksB. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here.A. John sB. John5. Can you give me _?A. some papersB. a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A. s

12、ome boxB. some boxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white._2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor._第二章代词* 体现以上代词用法的巧妙例文：I ama student.Heis a doctor.Sheisa nurse.They are my friends.Youare very nice.We are playingin thepark now.It is a long snake.I am going to the supermarket

13、 now.Youare a polite boy.She is my elder sister.He always good at sportsThis is her cost.My coat is over there.Some friendsof mine is comingto my house.The key is yours.Your car is beautiful.Her dress is long.The long dress is hers.Their books are new.The bikes are学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考theirs.His friend

14、s are kind.This book is his.The toys are ours.Our house is big.The big house is ours.代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag.3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5. These pens

15、are _ ( we ).二、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs._3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your boxes. _四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly._2. That is a bus._3. It is a mouse._五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _2.These are oursbooks._3. That are

16、 their teacher._4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考能力测试卷（代词）一、帮下面的好朋友团圆（连线）I她its我们her他（她，它）们we我they你的their他（她，它）们your她的she它的二、填空1She s a teacher . This is _ bag.2. He s a driver. This is _ taxi.3. I am a boy

17、 . _ name is Peter.4. -What s _ name?- My name is Tony.5. It s my puppy. _ name is Mimi.三、选择() 1.Your book is not so old as _.A. himB. heC. hisD. she() 2. _ book is it ? It s _.A.Whose herB.WhosehersC.Who hersD.Whomher() 3. He is a friend of _.A. ourB. usC. myD. mine四、改错1. I, you and he are all teac

18、hers._2. This is mine teddy bear._3. These are ours bags._4. These is their teachers._学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考第三章数词和冠词（ * 直接见基础词汇分类总结，找规律背记即可）一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词 表示 数量，序数词表示顺序。1. 基数词的写法： 2199 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“- ”。例： 21 twenty - one32 thirty - two99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred ”，表示几百，在几十几

19、与百位间加上and。例： 101 ahundred and one.320threehundred and twenty648sixhundredand forty-eight2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th 构成。例，four+ th- fourthsix + th - sixthseven + th - seventhten + th - tenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，one - firsttwo - secondthree - thirdfive- fiftheight - eighthnine - ninthtwelve - twe

20、lfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成 i ，然后在加eth. 例，twenty - twentieththirty - thirtiethforty - fortiethninety - ninetieth1） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- firstthirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third* 基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th （ fourth, sixth）一、二

21、、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（ first， second ， third）八去 t, 九去 e, （ eighth ， ninth ）； ve 要用 f 替；（ fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty 将 y 变成 i ; th前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a 或 an 是不定冠词， the 是定冠词。 a 用在辅音音素之前，如a desk, a tree; an 用在 元音 (a e i o u) 因素之前，如an apple,an hour, an English book.1.不定冠词（ a,an ）指人或事物的某一

22、种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考She is a teacher.That s an orange.2. 定冠词 the ，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus.The bus is big.3. 不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠 )3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at

23、home在家go to school去上学* 定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the 加在前。* 零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/ ”。1) at _home2) go to_ bed3) go to _school4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time6) _red

24、 apple7)_ English book8) _ spoon9)_ orange10) _melon11) _ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _“m” in the word“primary ”A.anB.aC.theD./2.This is _ orange bike .A.aB.anC.theD/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,aB,a ,theC.an , aD.an , the4.English is _ useful language in _ world

25、 .学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考A.an , the B.a , the C.the , /D./ , the5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.theB./C/aD.an6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , aB.the , theC.the , a D.a , the7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , aC.A, theD.An, /8.He was _ first to come .A.T

26、heB.aC.theD./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, anC.an , anD.a , the10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./,/B./ , a C.a , /D.the , the11.He is _ friend of mine .A.anB./ C.theD.a12.There is _ university near the farm .A.aB.anC.theD./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./B.theC.a

27、D.an14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , theC.an , an , the D./ , an , /15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.aB.anC.theD/16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser .A.a, aB.a , an C.an , aD. an , an四、用代词填空 :1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .A.We , y

28、ou , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We ,they, usB.Our,their, ourC.Our , theirs , ours D.Our, theirs ,we3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ?A.her , yours B.his , yourC.hers , youD.their , yourself4.“What are youdoing

29、 ? ”“I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考A.She , you , IB.I , she , youC.You , she , ID.I , you , she能力测试卷（冠词和数词）一、写出相邻的数词1.twenty2.five3.twelve4.fifty-eight5.ninety6.seventy7.thirty-eight8.one hundred9.one thousand10.one二、选

30、择正确答案1.There aredays in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-fiveB. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-fiveD. three hundred and sixty five2.There arestudents in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-sixB. eight hundred and forty sixC. eight hundred and forty-sixD. eight hundred fort

31、y-six3.My brother is in.A. Three Class, One GradeB. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class ThreeD. class three, grade one4.He was doing some washing.A. at eight yesterday morningB. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eightD. by eight yesterday morning5.There aremonthsin a year.December

32、 isthemonthof the year.A. twelve; twelve B.twelve; twelfth C.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth6.Sunday is theday of the week.A. seventhB. firstC. secondD. third7.Autumn isseason in a year.A. the fourthB. the thirdC. a thirdD. third8.Tom wasto get to school and I was.A. first; ninthB. the first; the ni

33、nthC. a first; a ninth D. thesecond; the ninth9.What s the date today?Its.A. Friday B. time to goC. cloudyD. June 410.Monday is the second day, and.A. Tuesday is the fourthB. Thursday is the fifth学习资料th学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考C. the second is TuesdayD. the second is Thursday第四章句型( 明白句子意思，多读例句仿写着会用即可)一、陈述句定义：凡

34、是说明一件事情， 提出一个看法， 或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。时态具体句型句子构成动词做谓语主语 +be (am/is / are )+（ not ） +其他 +.一般现在时实意动词做谓语主语 +dont/ doesnt+其他 +.情态动词 +实意动词主语 +情态动词 +（ not） +动词原形 +其他 +.现在进行时动词做谓语主语 +be 动词 (am /is /are)+现在分词 +其他 +.大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。肯定句变否定句肯定句变否定句就是加not no或表示否定的词英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同陈述

35、句练习把下列陈述句变成否定句。1.My father watches TV every day .My father _ _ TV every day .2.Kate often does her homework at six .Kate _ often _ her homework at six.3.I go to school at seven .I _ _ to school at seven .4.She usually goes home by bus .She _ usually _ home by bus .5.They are good students .They _ _

36、good students .学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考6.He is clever .He _ _ clever .7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning .He _ _ _ bread for breakfast every morning .8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .I _ often _ _ tea in the afternoon .9.He has some eggs .He _ _ _ eggs .10.Kim likes his new bike .Ki

37、m _ _ his new bike .二、疑问句疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。一、一般疑问句：一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no 句型，需要用yes 或 no来回答。1.be （ am/is/are） +主语 +其它部分 ?2. 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它部分 ?肯定回答用“Yes, 主语情态动词 . ” , 否定回答用“ No, 主语情态动词+not. ”.be 或情态动词和not 可用缩写形式, 主要有 isn t,arent,wasn t,weren t,can t,mustn t,needn t 等 .Eg1. 问

38、句： Is this your English book?肯答： Yes,it is.否答： No,it isnt.Eg2. 问句： Are these your English books?肯答： Yes,they are.否答： No,they aren t.Eg3. 问句： Can you speak English?肯答： Yes,I can.否答： No,I can t.另一家族为含行为动词（或称为实义动词）的一般疑问句, 其结构为：助动词 +主语 +动词原形 +其它?肯定回答用“ Yes, 主语 + dodoes. ”, 否定回答用“ No, 主语 +dondoes not. ”.

39、助动词也常用缩写形式, 主要有 don t,doesn t,didnt 等 .学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考Eg4. 问句： Do your parents like English?肯答： Yes,they do.否答： No,they don t.三、一般疑问句的回答正如前面所述, 回答一般疑问句时有肯定回答和否定回答两种方式, 肯定回答以 Yes 起句 , 否定回答用No开头 . 但对一般疑问句的回答也不是一成不变的. 肯定回答还可以用OK./Certainly.等；否定回答可用Sorry./Sorry,I cant.等 .Eg5. 问句： Can you speak Englis

40、h?肯答： Certainly Of course.否答： Sorry,I can t.Eg6.I am an English teacher. Are you an English teacher?Eg7.We can speak English fluently. Can you speak English fluently?Eg8.We read Englishevery morning. Do you read Englishevery morning?Eg9.Toms father listens to English on the radio every evening.Does

41、Toms father listen to English on the radio every evening?六、“ some”还是“ any” ?在一般疑问句中, 要表达“一些”时, 一般用 any, 但如果这个问句是用来表达“建议、请求、邀请”等交际功能时, 应该用 some.Eg10.Is there any tea in the cup?Eg11.Do you have any children?Eg12.May I have some fish?Eg13.Would you like some tea?Eg14.Shall we buy some vegetables?Eg15.Can I borrow some money from you?Eg16.Why not have some bread?Eg17.How about some orange juice?二、特殊疑问句 ：以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which或疑问副词when, where, how, why放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑