动词词义辨析

1、动词词义辨析第一组：spe nd/ take /cost spend的主语通常是 人”，即 某人在花多少时间或金钱。” 例句：1）The boy spends a lot of money.（in） playing computer games.（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。）2）She spe nt lots of money on books last year.（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。） take前常以it作形式主语，作做某事需要花多少时间。”It takes + （人）+ 时间+ to do sth.1）How long does it take you to finish th

2、e work?（你需要多少时间才能完成那工作？）2）It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一个小时修理自行车。）3）It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（说真话需要很大的勇气。）（某 cost的主语通常是事物，即指某物值多少钱需要多少时间某人花了多少钱使 人）（丧失）（事/物）+ cost+（人）+时间/金钱1）The watch cost me two hun dred yua n.（这块手表花了我 200块钱。）2）Writi ng a novel cost ple nty of time.（写

3、本小说要花很多时间。）3）The girl's bad behavior cost her pare nts many sleepless ni ghts.（那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。）注意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。第二组：speak/say/tell/talk speak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。1）The stude nts speak En glish very flue ntly.（这些学生英语说得非常流利。）2）The Prime Mini ster spoke on the intern a

4、ti onal situati on.（首相就国际形势发表了演说。）3）She always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。） speak的习惯用语：Gen erally speak ing 般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of且不说；更不用说1）Ge nerally speak ing, man is stron ger tha n woma n.（一般而言，男人比女人强壮。）2) We can speak En glish, not to speak of Chin es

5、e.（我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。） say说出某句话或某件事；后接从句，（但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词）说明时间；书信、布告报纸上的说”习惯用法1）She said ,"I love you. ”（她说：我爱你。”）2）Say goodbye to them.（跟他们说再见。）3）She says she is busy.（她说她很忙。）4）My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十点整。）5）The paper says that there was a big fire in Shan ghai.（报上说上海发生了一场大火）。6）It is

6、 said that she has bee n away for a mon th.（据说她已走了一个月了）7）It goes without say ing that educati on is importa nt.（不用说，教育是重要的。）8）Tom is a good stude nt, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。）tell说谎；讲故事；说实话1）D on't tell a lie.（不要说谎。）2）She likes to tell stories.（她喜欢讲

7、故事。）3）We should always tell the truth.（我们应该永远说实话。）tell辨别；叫某人做某事；接间接”与 直接”宾语；tell +宾语+ that从句"Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.（有时我们无法辨别是非。）（他告诉我他要去那儿。）talk连续地说话；习惯用法1）What are the girls talki ng about ?（那些女孩们讲什么？）2）Y oung people like to talk politics.（年青人喜欢谈论政治。）3）I talked over the

8、matter with her.（我与她谈论了那个问题。）第三组：take /bri ng/carry/fetch take作带去"拿去"解；从近处把东西送到远处例句：1）She'll take her childre n to the park.（她要带孩子去公园。）2) It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.（下雨了；你最好把雨伞带上。） bring拿来；带来”；从远处把东西拿到近外1）Bri ng the dictio nary to me.（把字典拿给我。）2）Please

9、bring your report with you whe n you come tomorrow.（明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。） carry作 携带，带去；搬运”解1）She always carries a red han dbag.（她总是带一个红色手包。）2）Please carry this TV set upstairs.（请把这台电视搬到楼上去。） fetch作 去取来，拿来；叫某人来”解1）The football is over there. Fetch it please.（足球在那边呢，请把它拿回来。）2）Fetch the police at once. We

10、've found the robber.（马上去叫警察来，我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。第四组：wear/put on/ dress wear穿着，戴；留，表示 状态”是及物动词需加宾语 例句：1）She always wears a pair of glasses.（她总是戴着一副眼镜。）2）He wears a black jacket today.（他穿着一件黑色的夹克。） put on穿上，戴上，表示 动作” 例句：1）The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.（老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。）2）Put on th

11、e glovest,s cold outside.（戴上手套外面很凉。） dress作穿着的衣服”解；给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句：1）She is dressed in red.（她穿着红衣服。）2）The mother dresses the child every day.（那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3）She dresses herself in red.（此句等于第一个例句。）第五组：do /make do做”主要是用来表示 行动”行为”，如do omelets是 把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些 抽象名词，如do wrong （犯错）。"wrong是抽象

12、名词常与do搭配的短语有： do on e,s dosome do sb. a favor帮人忙 do with利用；忍受；需要 do away with 废除 do without用不着；不需要 have do sb. do nothing but do除了做以外什么也没做 do bus in ess做生意例句：1）1,11 do the dishes today.（我来洗盘子。）2）I,ve done my homework.（我已经做完了作业。）3）Cry ing does harm to you.（哭对你没有益处。）4）Will you do me a favor?（能否帮我一个忙？）

13、5）We cannot do without a teleph one in our bus in ess.（我们做生意没有电话是不行的。）6）The new teacher did n,t know what to do with the class.（新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。）7）1 did nothing but watch TV last ni ght.（昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。）8）Who does your hair?（平常是谁给你做头发的？） make'作”，表示 制造”，其后的宾语是 make的产品。女口 make clothes制做衣服；make

14、后常跟一些可数名词常与 make动词搭配的短语有： make a make an make make例句：1）They have make great progress in lear ning En glish.（在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。）2）Who is going to make a speech today?（谁来演说？）3）D on ,t make a no ise.嘘！（不要出声。）4）She makes her livi ng as a teacher.（她作教师来维持生计。）第一组：lie/lay/lie1）lie不及物动词，躺；位于lie lay lain l

15、yi ng例句：Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.She has lain in bed for three days.2）lay 及物动词，放置；下蛋laylaid laid layi ng例句： These hens lay eggs every day He laid his hand on my shoulder. lie 不及物动词， 说 谎lie lied lied lyi ng例句： Don?t lie to me. She lies about her career第二组：hear/liste n to hear听；是一种 自然无意的动

16、作。” hear o听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hearlisten是一种 有意的动作。"如后面有宾语则需加to；如没有宾语，listen后不可加to。例句： Listen， somebody is crying. I listened but heard nothing. Listen to me.第三组：sit/set/seat sit不及物动；坐；就座；sit sat sat sitt ing例句： He sat at the table writing a letter.（他坐在书桌旁写信。） Sit here un til she

17、comes back.（坐在这里等她回来。） set安置；下沉；点燃；出考题；定时；树立（榜样）set set set sett ing例句： Tom, set the table for dinner.（Tom，摆好桌子准备吃饭。） He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.（他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。） My teacher set very difficult questi ons for the exam.（我们老师试题出得非常难。） The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（太阳从东方升起从西

18、方落下。） seat使坐；容纳seat seated seated seati ng例句：）The theater can seat at least 2000 people.（这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。） Please be seated.（请坐下。）此句等于Sit down please. He seated himself n ext to her.（他坐在她的旁边。）第四组：rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse1）rise（太阳、月亮）升起，起来；（物价）上涨；（水）高涨rise rose rise n rising例句： Everyone knows tha

19、t the sun rises in the east.（每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。） Prices have rise n quickly.（物价快速上涨了。） She rose to her feet.（她站了起来。）2）raise举起；养育；募款raise raised raised raisi ng例句： Raise your hand please.（请你把手举起来。） The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.（这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。） They are raising founds for the expediti on.（

20、他们正在筹募探险的基金。） arise（问题、困难）发生、产生、出现；起（风、雾）arise arose arise naris ing例句： A strong wind arose this morning.（今天早上刮起强风。） A differe nt problem has arise n.（不同的问题发生了。） A mist arose from the lake.（湖上起雾了。） arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的激发”arouse aroused aroused arous ing例句： The book aroused my interest in learning Engl

21、ish.（这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。） The speaker aroused the an ger of the audie nee.（演讲者激起了听众的怒气。） rouse通常表示比较具体的叫醒”或 唤醒”rouse roused roused rous ing例句： The sound roused him from refleetion.（声音使他从深思中惊醒。） The lies he heard about his friend roused his an ger.（听到有人对他朋友造谣，使他怒火中烧。）第五组：lend/借出 borrow1）le nd +人+物=lend +

22、物+ to + 人例口： Please lend me your dictionary. = Please lend your dictionary to me.（请把你的字典借给我。） I will lend you $200, but I can?t lend mo ney to him.（我借给你200美元，但我不能借钱给他。）borrow借入borrow +物+ from +人 She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.（她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。） He ofte n borrows money from me

23、.（他经常从我这儿借钱。）第六组：fall/feel/fell/fail/fail fell f落 en；跌倒fall asleep 睡着 /fall behind 落后例句： An apple fell to the ground.（一个苹果落在地上。） Be careful on the ice or you will fall.（在冰上要小心，否则你会跌倒。）feel felt feltfeel like + doi ng sth.想要；feel sleepy.想睡例句： Can you feel your heart beat violently?（你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗？）

24、Both my legs did n?t feel.（我的双腿没有感觉。） I sudde nly felt a pain in my back.（我突然感到背部疼痛。） Do you feel like tak ing a walk?（你想不想去散步？）fell felled f砍伐d例句： A lot of trees were felled last night.（昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。）fail failed 失败d例句： He has failed in En glish exam aga in.（他英语考试又没及格。）第七组：win/beatwin won wonwin a pri

25、ze 得到奖品 win a war打了胜仗win a game 赢得比赛 win an election 选举获胜例句： Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.（昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。） Who do you thi nk will win the beauty con test?（你认为那场选美谁会获胜？） beatbeatbeate nbeat是打败了对手例句： He beat me in the race.（他在赛跑中赢了我。） We have beate n their team for 3 years.（我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。）

26、 My heart beat fast at the sight of her.（一看见她，我的心跳就加快。）deserve是应得。 eg:You deserve a rest after all that hard work.He deserves this glory.worth是价值。This necklace is worth 100US dollars.This novel is worth readi ngworthy是形容词The cause is worthy of our con ti nued support.这一事业值得我们不断地支持。He is a worthy man

27、.他是值得我们尊重。动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay;hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat 等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。 女口： borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、 意义相似的词的辨义。 女口： advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：expla in, sa

28、y; discover, i nvent, un cover; find, find out 等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find,get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn dow n, turn up 等。（一）易混动词1、lay （放）,lie （躺）与 lie （说谎）：放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词躺lie lay lain lying 不及物动词说谎lie lied lie

29、d lying 不及物动词2、 rise和raise： rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是 risen,而raise是及物动 词，是规则动词。3、 hear与listen to: hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而 listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look : see用作看电影，剧目； watch则用作看电视比赛，而 watch还有在旁观看之意。女口： Are you going to play or only watch? ； look 一般用作不及物动词， 只是当盯着 某人

30、看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、 wind和wound : wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形 wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wou nded。6、 hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung ； 二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是han ged。7、 hear的过去分词 born与borne： bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词 born， borne。只有当 be+born 短语后没有by介词短语时，才

31、可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai.而作它用时 要用borne。如：She has borne five children.但如果作忍受讲，则一律用 borne。8、 sit与seat： seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要 用 be seatec。如：They were seated at their desks.或用 seat on eself,比女口 :I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用 borrow ,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截

32、止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、 win 与 beat： win 作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argume nt, a battle, a prize, a con test,a race, a bet,但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如：l have won him.即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而 beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、 steal与rob: steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而 rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、 fit与suit: fit

33、与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小 的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。13、 take, bring与fetch:英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来（即双程）。所以拿 来，带来是 bring，拿去带走是 take，而去取回来是 fetch。14、 shut与close: shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如：在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如：Shut your mouth!（闭嘴）；又如:Shut up.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close o15、 answe

34、r与reply :作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach, arrive与get to: reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive（at/in）。17、 cost, spend与take:英文中花费有三个词 cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 花 费"讲，主语不能是人，而 spend的主语不能是物。如：she spent all his

35、 money on stamps.而 take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法 是用形式主语 it，女口 It takes me three hours to finish this work.18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用 missed,而要用 missing.19、 have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲；但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress

36、 既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressedin a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my childre n in the morning every day.20、begin 与 startbegin与Start均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start: 1）机器的开动发动；2）旅途的开始。女口 :we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in t

37、he street。21、allow 与 permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find 与 foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词建立"的原形，其过去式和过去分词是 founded， founded，如：The People?s Republic of Chi na was fou nded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与 tell英文中讲有 4个词，spea

38、k, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但 speak后 加语言名词时则用作及物动词， 女口： Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell 常用作接双宾语，女口： Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法， 女口：在作讲实话，讲谎言， 表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词， 女口： My watch was broken. It couldn?t tell time correctly 。 在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said b在作辨别不同讲时是 tell，如：Can you tell

39、me the differenee between the two ?而讲别人好坏话时用 speak,如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 与 sorryexcuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与 care to docare for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea ?但 care for 作照顾讲时与 look after 相同。26、 与名词易混的动词有：ad

40、vise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath( n.); breathe(v.), breath( n.); choose(v.), choice( n.); succeed(v.), success (n.);27、 意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest 提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象， seem暗示一定根据的判定，即pear外表印象而实际或结

41、果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover (发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent (发明)研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remi nd提醒某人做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for,look down on, get on with29、 动词 + 介词 to 的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to,turn

42、 to, attend to, belong to,devote to, reply to30、 与 in 相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in,take in, check in, engage in, fill in, t rade in (二)动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上 选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1) 动词+副词(不及物)Harry turned up after

43、the party whe n every one had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(2) 动词+副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had bee n left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away.她送掉了它们。(3) 动词+介词(及物)rm looki ng for my glass

44、es.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。女口： She's got more work than she can cope with.她的工作多得使她应付不了。(4) 动词+副词+介词I look forward to see ing you soon. 我盼望不久就见至 M尔。注：动词+介词” 动词+名词+副词” 动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变 成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.（ 不能漏掉aft

45、er）这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差 异。（1）同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如： hear from收到的来信，hear of听 说。 look after 照料，look at 看，look for 寻找。同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。女口：ring back回电话，ring off挂断电话，ringup打电话 put away放好，put on穿，上演，put up挂起，举起。不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找，call for去取（某物），去接（某人）,

46、ask for请求，wait for等候，send for派人去叫。不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如： break out发生，爆炸，carry out进 行，开展，go out 熄灭，ha nd out 分发,let out 放出，look out 当心，sell out 卖完，set out 出发，take out 取出,work out 算出。 break down 出毛病,come down 落下来,get down 下车,take down 取下,write down 写下。动词词义辨析检测练习1.1 can hardlythe differe nee betwee n

47、the two words.A. point B.speak C.say D.tell2.1 you will write me back soon.A. wish B.hope C.wa nt D.n eed3.1 asked him tome a few minu tes so that I could have a word with him.A. spend B.spare C.save D.share4. Father will notus to touch anything in his room whe n he is away.A. have B.let C. agree D.

48、 allow5.1 lear ned toa bicycle as a small boy.A. ride B. drive C. operate D.ru n6.1 canyou to the railway stati on in my car.A. sendB.pick C.ride D.take7.lf no onethe phone at home, ring me at work.A. an swers B. returns C. replies D. receives8.1 don't know the restaura nt, but it'sto be qui

49、te a good one.A.said B.toldC.spoke nD.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd betterthem for her.A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously.A. hurt B. killed C. broke n D.cut11. Careless drivi nga lot of highway a

50、ccide nts.A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results12. I'vemy umbrella in the office and ni have to fetch it.A. forgot B.leftC. rema in edD.lost13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place willyou a lot of good.A. make B.do C.give D.get14. His heartfast whe n the teacher asked him a

51、difficult questi on.A. beat B.hit C. jumpedD.ra n15. The cook ing chicke nvery good.A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes16. Most childre n stay at home un til theyschool age.A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive17. A sin gle mistake here couldyou your life.A. pay B.take C. spe nd D.cost18. The boy work

52、s hard. Ihim to succeed in the exam.A. like B. expect C. thi nkD.n eed19. Weeach other the best of luck in the exam in ati on.A. hoped B. wan ted C. expected D. wished20. I'm afraid Mr Brow n isn't in. Would you like toa message?A.giveB.l eaveC.carry D.take21. Do you know the girla red coat?

53、A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on22. The assista nt suggested Marythe blue skirt.A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy23. Our teacher suggested Wang Linto America for further study.A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent24. Old Mr Jackson in sistedto the Frien dship Hospita

54、l.A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent25. The father in sisted that their son Tomclever eno ugh to study music.A. be B. should be C.was D. would be26.1 the televisi on set for 1,500 yua n.A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spe nt27.1 play football than basketball.A. would rather B. had be

55、tter C. like better D. prefer28. - What are you doing? - I'm lookingthe childre n. They shouldbe back for lunch now.A.afterB.atC.forD.up29. The sports meet will betill n ext week because of the bad weather.A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put dow n30.1 really don't want to go to the party

56、, but I don't see how I canit.A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off31. Readers canquite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through32. Ma ny foreig nersthe Great Wall as the World's Seventh Won der.A. look at B. look for C. look arou ndD. look on33.1 can' t hear clearly