专题3虚拟语气

1、专题 3虚拟语气1虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have +过反去分词与现在事实相一般过去时 (be 用 were)would/should/could/might +动词原形反与将来事实相一 般 过 去 时 /shouldWould/should/cold/might +动词原形反do/were to do注意 (1) 混合虚拟：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调

2、整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在 )（ 2）含蓄虚拟：有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如 :Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn t been for your help) I couldnit. 要是没有t你have done的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。有

3、时假设的情况还可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn t been busythat day, I would have gone there with them.)I would have finishedthe work, but I was ill. (If I hadn t been ill, I would have finishedthe work.)（ 3 ）当条 件 从 句 中 含 有 助 动 词should/were/had时

4、， 可 以 将if省 掉， 将should/were/had 提到句首， 注意否定词不跟着提到句首。Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off till next week.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.*1*2. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句 ”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了 ”等。表示现在不能实现

5、的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时 (be 用 were)；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could do”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“haddone”或 “could havedone”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order、recommend

6、等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形 ,should 可省略，但不可用其他词替代。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she （ should） be operated.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。在表示建议、要求、命令等的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用“（ should） +动词原形 ”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.His suggestio

7、n is that we (should)go to Shanghai.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在表示建议、要求、命令等的主语从句中，也要用 “should + 动词原形 ”的结构，并且 should 也可省略。It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she (should ) finish her homework this afternoon.注意：和建议、要求、命令等相关的一切名词性从句（宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、 主语从句） 都采用 should + 动

8、词原形的虚拟语气,should 可省略， 但不可用其他词替代在表示惊奇、 不相信、 理应如此等的主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+ 动词原形 ”的结构。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.*2*It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.注意：上句表示对这种事实（so careless）的惊奇，因此用虚拟语气。但是如果不表示惊奇等情感，那

9、么that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is a pity that you can t swim.3. 虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（ 1）虚拟语气在as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中.He treated/treats me as if I were his own daughter.( 谓语 treat 和“是他女儿 ”之间是 同时性，则从句谓语用一般过去时)They talked as if they were friends.(同时性 )They talked as if they had been friends for years. （先时性，用过去完成时）He

10、 said goodbye to us as if he would never come back again.( 后时性，用 would/could + 动词原形 )注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。(2) even if/even though 从句中 ，表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用would/could +动词原形。如：Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.(3）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high

11、)time (that)中 ，定”语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 (be 用 were) 或 should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在 )该 ”。如：It s time thatpickedI up my daughter.It s high time were going.(4）虚拟语气用在if only 引导的感叹句中，情况同wish。 如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.(5)would rather 后跟句子时，要用虚拟语气，情况有两种：和过去事实相反，用过去完成时；和现在或将来相反，用一般过去时,不用 were

12、 代替 was。I d rather I hadn t seen the film yesterday.I d rather you started now.I d rather you went there tomorrow.(6)用 “ may +动词原形 ”表示 祝愿 、 但愿 ”，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：*3*May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。(7)Be he rich or poor, she will marry him. (Whether he is rich or poor, she w

13、ill marryhim.)虚拟语气练习1.If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, will sendB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2.If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might

14、have been3.I didn t know his telephone number. , Iitthen.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4.Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill;

15、wouldnt have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be5.Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do6.I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should have told

16、; had it beenD. should have told; should it be7.Without your help, we_ so much.A. won t achieveB. didn t achieveC. dont achieveD. wouldnt have achieved8.You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take

17、; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; wont have made9.We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do*4*10.She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going11.Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he

18、 _ be tall when he grows up.A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. were able to12.My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. couldB. mustC. shouldD. might13.He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why he s refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should giveD. be given15.I insisted that he

19、 _ at once.A. be goneB. goC. would goD. might go16.Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolenB. shouldn t stealC. doesn t stealD. steal17.It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18.He acted as if he _ everything in the w

20、orld.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. wont know19.Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A. may hearB. will hearC. hearD. have heard20.They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A. caughtB. will catchC. might catchD. shall catch21.I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.A. areB. shall beC.

21、 wereD. should be23.It is high time we _ home.A. will goB. would goC. have goneD. went25.If only I _ to the lecture!A. listenB. will listenC. am listeningD. had listened28.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be37.- Would you have called h

22、er up had it been possible?- Yes, but I _. busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be*5*38.His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had beenB. wasC. beD. should be39.But for the snow, we _ earlier.A. will arriveB. should have arrivedC. arriveD. arrived40

23、. Here ansumbrella in case you _ it.A. should useB. neededC. needingD. to need41.It is natural that he _ his mind.A. changesB. changingC. changeD. to change42. It is a pity Mr. Zhang isn t here. If he _, my parentshappierwould. beA. comesB. has comeC. cameD. had come43._ you succeed and _ you be hea

24、lthy.A. May; mayB. Wish; wishC. Hope; hopeD. Should; may44. It s high time he _ home.A. goesB. wentC. will goD. is going to go45.I hoped _ my letter.A. her to answerB. that she would answerC. that she will answerD. her answering46.I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _ to the meeting.A. cameB. wou

25、ld comeC. had comeD. would have come47.If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _ much better.A. playB. must playC. will playD. would play48. “ Jane wants to see you tomorrow.”“ I would rather she _ today than tomorrow.”A. comesB. should comeC. comeD. came49.The secretary listened care

26、fully _ he might discover exactly what she wanted.A. so as thatB. in caseC. in order thatD. providing50.Supposing the weather _ bad, where would they go?A. will beB. isC. wereD. be51.Without the leadership of the Party, there _ no New China.A. would beB. has beenC. wasD. should be*6*52.The work woul

27、d require that _ at 5 every morning.A. she has been there B. she was thereC. she be thereD . she will be there53. The little hero s pale face suggested he _ dead.A. isB. wasC. should beD. be54.Galileo insisted that the earth _ round the sun.A. should moveB. moveC. movesD. A or B55.The rice _ if you

28、had been more careful.A. wouldn t be burningB. would not burnC. wouldn t have been burntD. would not burnt56._ I known it, I should have told him.A. HaveB. HadC. HavingD. If57.It is necessary that we _ a foreign language.A. must masterB. ought to masterC. masteredD. should master58.My idea is that w

29、e _ to our plan.A. must stickB. ought to stickC. should stickD. will stick2010 年高考英语试题分类汇编 虚拟语气59.-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, youhave done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustntC. shouldD. shouldnt60.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A.

30、was busyB. is busyC. had been busy.D. will be busy61.If hemy advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow62.John went to the hospital alone. If heme about it, I would have gone withhim.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told63. George is going to ta

31、lk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he_on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused64.If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken*7*65. -The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rai

32、ned even a drop, things would be much better now! And myvegetables .A. wouldnt dieB. didnt dieC. hadnt diedD. wouldnt have died66 Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy.A would have been savedB had been savedC will be savedD was saved67.I would have helped you, but

33、 I_ really occupied the whole week A wasB amC had beenD were68.But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey, but had to turn back halfwayA would haveB would have hadC will have Dhad69.Mary failed the driving test again If she _ harder, she _ the test easilyA practiced; would passB had practiced; would passC had practiced; would have passedD should practice; should have passed70. These achievements_ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen, a key leader of the New Chinas nuclear, m