(完整版)被动语态构成及用法详解

1、被动语态用法详解情况王动St态镀动谱苍|烹示主痔是社1作的执行者弟调主语是动作的承受者时 态_股现在时Miny people speak Engish in the waridEnglish is ipokwi by nany people in th# worldHe wrote this look in 19SM.T£us book was writkn by him m 1994.一骰将未时We will hold a neeting lomoirov?.A meeti ng will be hdd by us lomDrraw过去将来时He saia that they wo

2、uld IniWa budge.He said that a bridge would t>c tmill现在进行时They 鮎匕 dt$wsng ths questjonnowThis question is hang discussed aow过去进行时He was ffejng my car al six y&st-erday.NEy car v/as btuig fixed by him at sx yeteiday现在訥tWe have aireaciy deaned our dafsroom.Our d-asstoom has already b«n dea

3、ned by us.过去完咸时I had finished my corrosition before supper.coiiposition had been finished before supper.可型主十谓4宾parked my car ouiide the park.My 匚如 was parked outsde Qielyme.主十谓我宾She tolci us an interesting slatyWe 沁舵 told 聞 ihteretifig story by hcrJ An mtetrsting story was told to U5 fayMf 一主命+野补Wc

4、chose Jack inonitar.Jack vjas (iuosai monitor by us.短语动词Sht tpok»re of thechildrenThe duUfEn ww takencare ofbyher.情态动词十动词We can change 沁er inU vapourWater can be changed iuto vapourTENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.V.samisare+V(p.p)一般将来时will'be going tobe (about)to+V.will be +V(p.p)现在进行时amisare+V.inga

5、misare+being+V(p.p)一般过去时waswere V.edwaswere+V(p.p)现在完成时havehas+V.p.phavehas+been+V(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+V(p.p)过去进行时waswere+V.ingwaswere+being+V(p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+V(p.p)被动语态牢记一点，be加动词过去分词。分析句中主和谓，承受者作主语即被动。短语动词不可忘介、副词。另有不及物动词，只有主动无被动。还要注意其时态，与主动语态全相同。不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：ap

6、pear, die （死亡） ,disappea（消失），end （vi. 结束），fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silenee, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very littleremained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词； raise, seat是及物动词。（错） The price has been risen.（对） The

7、price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错） The price has raised.（对） The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。 特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, ow

8、n, wish, cost,no tice, watch agree with, arrive at /in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happe n to, take part in, walk in to, bel ong toThis key just fits the lock.3）系动词无被动语态 （“ keep除外）： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds

9、 good.4） 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live,lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last ni ght.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes to swim.（错） To swim is liked by her.有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时， 有些动词可以带双宾语。 在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变 为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时， 间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to, etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO 宀 10+ be do

10、ne +D0 宀 DO + be done + prep. +10E.g. 1) My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.t Iwas given a gift on my birthday.tA gift was given to me on my birthday.2) We often hear him play guitar .He is often heard to 1 play guitar.t It is often heard from him to play guitar.新被动语态Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重

11、于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home.那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。How did theglass get broke n?杯子怎么破了？有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to。”例如We heard him sing in his room just now.-He was heard to sing in his room just now.刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。need doing something也表示被动一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及

12、物动词的过去分词Our classroom is clea ned everyday.I am asked to study hard by my mother. Knives are used for cutt ing thin gs.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dino saur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has bee n tran slate

13、d into many Ian guages.Many man-made satellites have bee n sent up into space by many coun tries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be pla nted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered ofte n.Your mistakes

14、 should be corrected right now.The door may be locked in side.Your homework can be han ded in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + bei ng +及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are pla nti ng trees over there.Treesare being pla nted over there by th

15、em.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be pla nted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为“ be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；3. 主动语态的主语变为介词“ by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时“ by的短语可以省略）；例: 1. Bruce writes a letter e

16、very week.A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. Thdoroken bike was mended by Li Lei this morni ng.3. He has writte n two no vels so far.Two no vels have bee n writte n by him so far.4. They will pla nt ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be pla nted by

17、them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writ ing a letter now.A letter is being writte n by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door whe n you leave.the door must be locked whe n you leave.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dino saurs disappeared about 65 milli on years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动

18、意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to,”但变为被动语态时，须加上“ to。例: make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do someth ingsomebody +be +sedo someth ingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when shepassed by.The boss made