专题08动词的时态和语态(易错起源)_2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点Word版含解析

1、.word格式.专题08动词的时态和语态【易*区，a为m1. （2017 d匕京）People better access to health care than they used to, and they ' re living longer asa result.A. will have B. have C. had D. had had喀案】B解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选Bo2 .（2017 全国卷 n）. .However, the rai

2、lway quickly proved to be a great success and within sixmonths.Later, engineers （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道）,which became known as the Tube.【解析】此处表示后来j工程师们设法在一个深隧道系统建设铁路，这被称为加氏。根据上下文语境和句 子的时间状语匕他1以及从句的谓语或词片皿可加这里用一般过去时本题是对动词时态的最基础知 识的考查，做题时首先要注意句子的时间状语，式欠注意其所含从句的动词时

3、态，再结合句子意思,综合 考虑确定所埴动词的形式。喀案】managed3 .（2017全国卷 出）Sarah says , “ My dad thinks I should take the offenow. But at the moment , school（come） first.解析】此处表示但目前，学校是第一位的。根据语境可知，这里指的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时态。考生容易受时间状语 at the moment 的影响，误填现在进行时或者现在完成时。喀案comes4 、 （ 2017 江苏）He hurried home, never once looking back to se

4、e if he.A. was being followedB. was followingC. had been followedD. followed【 答案 】 A【 解析 】 考查宾语从句和时态。 根据句子成分可知， He 和 follow 是被动关系， 排除B、 D。 根据句意： 在匆忙赶回家的路上， 他从未回头看是否被跟踪， 用过去进行时最合适， 答案选A。5.(2017 全国卷 I )When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.【 解析 】 句意 ： 当脂肪和

5、食盐被从食物中去掉之后， 食物尝起来就好像失去了什么一样。 根据句意可知这里fat and salt 和动词 remove 之间为动宾关系； 由主句的时态可知， 此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。【 答案 】 are moved dollars in the next year.6.(2017 全国卷 m )Sarah(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodelearning a million【 解析 】 句意 ： Sarah 被告知 ， 她能够成为英国新的超级名模， 在下一年收入一百万美元。 分析句子结构并结合句意可知， tell

6、与主语 Sarah 是动宾关系， 所以要用被动语态， 故填 was told 。 此处也可用现在完成时的被动语态， 强调对现在造成的影响。【 答案 】 has been told/was told7.(2016 浙江,5)While online shopping(change)our life , not all of its effects have been positive.【 答案 】 has changed 【 解析 】 句意 ： 尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活， 但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。 主语是 online shopping ， 结合语境以及后面的have been

7、可知 ， 这里要用现在完成时。8 . (2016 新课标 I , 62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit PandaBase， where ticket money helps pay for research. I (allow)to get up close to these cute animalsat the 600-acre centre.H军析】was allowed 句意：在这个占地六百英亩的中心 ，我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物，故用一般过去

8、时的被动语态。9 . (2016新课标 出,62)Truly elegant chopsticks might(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.解析】be made 句意：真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might ,所以用be made 。10 . (2016 四川，61)The giant panda(love)by people throughout the world.【解析】is loved句意：大熊猫褛全世界人民所宣爰o主港tie驻a

9、nt panda和动词love构成被动关系，故 应用一般现在时的被动语态。11 . (2016 四川，69)Then , after two and a half years, the mother (drive)the young panda away.解析】drove 句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。12 . (2016 浙江，5)While online shopping (change)our life, not all of its effects have been positive.解析】has changed 句意：尽管网上购物已

10、经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online shopping ,结合语境以及后面的have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。13 . (2016 浙江,9)Silk(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about100 BC.解析】had become 句意：到公元前 100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。byabout 100 BC 是时间状语，这里强调到公元前 100年为止，所以要用过去完成时。14 . (2016北京,21)Jack(work)in th

11、e lab when the power cut occurred.解析】was working句意：杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了 be doing sth. when.句式，表示芷在做某事，突然”此时主句用过去进行时，分句用一般过去时。专业.专注.word格式.15 . (2016 北京，23) Excuse me , which movie are you waiting for?-The new Star Wars. We(wait)here for more than two hours.【解析】been waiting向意；一对不起"神帝等什么电影？一新

12、版的星球大胡/我们在这里 等了两个多”时了，根据时间状语判断,语境表示在过去报长时间里一直在做某事并且同守继续此时 应用现在完成进行寸电1 . (2016 北京,25)I(read)half of the English novel , and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.解析】have read 句意：这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示巴经读了一半”，应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。17 . （2016 d匕京,30）The students have been working hard o

13、n their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.解析】Bin be E及由1d句意,这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报.由语 境可知F学生的努力会得到回暹斗铢的动作F故用一般将来时5工由aid和由函6面之间是被动关系, 故用被动语惑占igh quality oil are using for18 . （2016 新裸标 I ）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and h cooking.解析】using - used!意：每天他都

14、确保用于烹饪的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的油。此处表示被动含义be used for 被用来做“。BWMB1易错起源1、考查动词辨析,he sometimes feels it hard to find an例 1. Much as he he has a good command of Englishappropriate version for some Chinese idioms.A. announcesC. claimsB. declaresD. confirms解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处announces 通知；declares宣布；claims声明；confirms 证实。句意：虽然

15、他承认自己掌握了英语，但有时他感到找到汉语的合适的英语翻译很难。根据句意选D项。喀案】D度式探究 Try not to cough more than you can since it may cause problems to your lungs.A. checkB. allowC. stopD. help喀案】D解析】考查动词辨析。考生需掌握短语 more than one can help的意思 尽量不"，故正确答案是 D项。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。咯师点睛】高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1 . injure , hurt , wound , destroy

16、injure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成毁坏，损坏”I didn't want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2 . beat, hit, strike , defeat , winbeat表不二;指用棍或其他硬物）接连地打，击”，还可表不打败，胜过”hit表示对准目标打一下，强调击中strike表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat（

17、=beat）是指 击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体win是在 中）秋胜或赢的思思，兵语通常为war , match , game , prize ,medal , respect , battle 等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他击败了

18、其他参赛者，获了奖。隹帛囊妙计，战胜自我adopt , attach , adapt , adjust的区别adoptvt.采取，采纳；收养，领养vt.把附（在土）；重视attachattach much importance to.非常重视adaptvt.适应；adapt oneself to 适应于adjustvt.适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，

19、而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that pricelessgi

20、ft.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠易错起源2、考查动词短语的用法和意义例 2. Body language can givea lot about your mood , sostanding with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【解析】句意；身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪j因此双臂交叉站着贝俵示你具有防御性考查动i靛 语 giveaway泄露，符合语境屯喀案away咯师点睛】多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。以下为常见短

21、语动词：一、动词+介词/副词短语例句Act on 照 行事He acts on principles.answer for 对You will answer for what you' ve done.Arm.against带武器以防He armed himself against wild animals.agree with 同意（某人）I agree with her.agree to 同意（建议等）They agreed to the proposal.agree on（in）向思商定（问题，条件等）They agreed on the question.arrive at /

22、 in 到达（某地）He arrived in Nanjing at five o' cmornyesterAim at 瞄准He aimed the gun at the bird.Ask after 问候My father asked after you.Ask for 请求The boy asked for more food.borrow . . . from 从 借来He borrowed a like from Mary.believe in 信任We all believe in her.belong to 属于The house belongs to me.burst

23、into 矢然 起来She burst into tears at the news.begin at从（页）开始Today we shall begin at page 40.Babe.on 根据he based the conclusion on experiments.beat about the bush 绕弯子Tell me the truth. Don' t beat about the bush.Consist of由 组成The society consists of five members.congratulate祝优nWe congratulatedher on

24、winning the e to an end 结束The talk come to an end at pare . to 把 比作He compared the young to the rising pare . . . with 同 相比She compared the blue pen with the red pen.carebr喜欢；照料He doesn ' t care for playing football.Change . for 用 交换He changed his radio for a recorder.Ch

25、anSe from . to 从 转到She changed from team A to team B.clear up 放晴The weather cleared up in the e across 偶然碰至UI came across an old friend in the e into 想出；进入An idea suddenly came into my mind.ca11 up 打电话I shall call her up soon.Csll for 叫（人）He will call for you in the evening.ca

26、ll for 为 叫喊He heard someone calling for help.cdll on 访问（某人）She will call on a friend on Sunday.cdll on 号召The Party called on us to study hard.Cure.of 治愈Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.depend on 依靠He depended on his mother in life.disagree with 与忌见不问He disagreed with her over the plan.Die of 因 病、饥

27、饿等而夕匕The man died of cancer.Die from 因 伤、忌外等而夕匕The died man died from a serious wound.Die for 为而夕匕He died for the people.devote to 把 用于She devoted all her money to having books.enged in 从事, 忙于He is engaged in writing new book.End with 以结束The party ended with dancing.fail in在 失败She failed in winning

28、the game.find out 查明He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放弃Never give up hope.give over 克服，渡过You ' ll soon get over your shyness.Get on（ /off）上车（/ 卜车）She got on the bus at Gulou Square.Get on进展He is getting on well in the work.Get ready for 准备好He has got ready for the journey.Get in 收进Th

29、e peasants got in the wheat in May.grow up 长大，发展The children have already grown up.give in投降（让步）They gave in at last.Get up 起床She gets up early every morning.Go on 继续The meeting went on deep into the night.go all out 竭尽全力They went all out to build the airport.So through 通过；细察She went through the boo

30、k before buying it.go over 复习,if遍She went over the lessons for three times.go down（日，月）落卜，下沉The moon has gone down.go without 放弃，没有也行He had to go without food.Hand in 交进来They handed in their papers.Have nothing to do with与无关He has nothing to do with the matter.Have some thing to do with与无关Does she h

31、ave anything to do with the case?Head for 朝去The ship is heading for the nearest port.Help with 帮助He helped her with her English.Help.in 在帮助He helped her in study in English.Hope for 希望（得到）She hoped for Mary to roduce . to .介绍She introduced me to her father.inspire . . . with .以 激发He inspired

32、 them with courage.insist on 坚持She insisted on doing it that erfere with(in) 妨碍；干涉Don ' irn terfere with his work.join in参加（活动）She also joined in the dancing.join sb. in加入某人从事He joined us in watering the tees.keep on 继续She kept on making experiments.Knock at敲（门等）Someone is knocking at the

33、 door.long for 渴望I ' m longing for a letter from him.look up 查寻；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look upon . as 把 看作Do you look upon him as a good friend?learn . by heart 背会She has learnt it by heart.Leave for 动身去He is leaving for Nanjing next week.look for 寻找The police are looki

34、ng for the lost car.Lie in 位于The town lies in the hills.live on 罪 生活，以 为主食Sheep live on grass.laugh at 对笑，嘲笑Don ' t laugh at others.look through 翻阅；浏览The boy looked through the picture book.Mix . with 同 混合Oil and water can' t mix with each other.Meet with 遇到She met with some difficulties.mak

35、e up one ' s mind定He has made up his mind what to say.Owe to 归功于He owed all his success to his parents.Operate on 为 手木He operated on the wounded soldier.Put. into 把 放入She put the book into the bag.play with 玩The boy played with a toy tank.Put up 举起They put up their hands.Put up挂起She put up a pic

36、ture on the wall.Put off 推达The match is put off owing to the rain.Point out 指出The teacher pointed out his mistakes.preside over 主持（会议）Who is to preside over the meeting?present.with 赠送He presented her with a gold watch.Put. across使理解（相信）She didn ' t put the meaning across very well.Prevent . . .

37、 from 阻止The snow prevented him from coming.persist in 坚持He persisted in doing that.Po practice 实施We shall put the plan into practice.quarrel over 为争吵They quarreled over the property.quarrel with 同争吵She quarreled with her mother.Reply to 答复He hasn ' t replied to me yet.recover from 恢复She ha

38、s recovered from her illness.Rely on 依靠He relied on his daughter in the past.refrain from 设法不，忍住Please refrain from smoking.Rob.of.抢走The pain robbed him of sleep.Run over 辗过去The bus run over his legs.result from 由弓 1起His illness results from overeating.result in 导致Overeating results in his illness.R

39、emember sb. to 代问好Please remember me to your mother.Set about 着手 TThey set about the work at once.Set out 出发They set out at dawn.succeed in 成功He succeeded in passing the exam.Speak off 说到She once spoke of the book to me.Supply.with 提供They supplied the soldiers with weapons.share in分担(享)He shared in

40、her joys and sorrows.share sth with sb与某人共同使用She shared a room with others.settle in安顿卜来He settled in a small town.See through 看透I have already seen through the man.See to it 保证See to it that the work is done well.send for 派人请We have sent for the doctor.Stand by 支持We' ll stand by you in your hou

41、r of need.Stand of 代表What does" U.S, " stand far?spend . on 花费She spent a lot of money on books.show around带参观He showed the guests around the city.talk about 谈论what are you taking about ?over 渡过lie has tided over his illness.turn against 背叛She will never turn against her country.turn into

42、变成Water can turn into gas.turn to 翻至U ,转向Please turn to page 10.think of 想念We think of you all the time.think about(of)考虑They are thinking about buying it.turn on 打开Please turn on the radio.turn off 关掉Please turn off the lights in the room.tell . . . from 区分I can ' t tell her from her sister.tak

43、e off 脱去She asked him to take off the cost.turn out 关掉He forgot to turn out the gas.turn out 生产The factory turns out 100 cars per day.turn round 绕着转The earth turns round the sun.turn up 出现He didn ' t turn up until eleven o' clock.to begin with 首先To begin with, we are short of money.wait for

44、等待We shall wait for you at the school gate.watch out for 提防We should watch out for the enemy.write to 给 与信He wrote to me last week.wake up 醒来She usually wakes up at five.wipe out 消灭The enemy troops have been wiped out.watch over 照看The old should watch over the young.、过去分词+介词（这类短语常同连系动词连用）短语例句be abso

45、rbed in全神贯注于He is absorbed in reading.be burdenedwith负重He is burdened with a heavy load.be connectedwith向 右关，向一有联系He is no longer connected with the company.be covered with覆盖The road is covered with snow.be crowded with挤满She is dressed in red.be dressed in"侣She is dressed in red.be engaged to与订

46、婚Mary is engaged to John.be equippedwith装备He is experienced in mending bikes.be experiencedin 对 有经验He is experienced in mending bikes.be filled with填满The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with提供，布置They are furnished with enough food.be interested in对有兴趣He is interested in the picture.be joined t

47、o 连接,结合One pipe is joined to another.be known as而知名He is known as a painter.be known for因.而出名The hill is known for the templebe looked on as作为看待He is looked on as their leader.be made into被制成，使成为The boy was made into an artist.be made up of由一构成A car is made up of many different parts.be married to与结

48、婚She is married to a musician.be pleased with对喜欢，满意He is pleased with the work.be prepared for准备好They are prepared for the journey.be regarded as被认为He is regarded as the greatest poet.be satisfied with对I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of对感到羞愧She is ashamed of her action.be tired of(sth)厌烦H

49、e is tired of this kind of life.be terrified at被吓一跳He is terrified at the snake.三、动词+名词+介词短语例句apply one ' s mincFtol!、于He applied his mind to study.catch sight of 瞧见，看见I caught sight of her just now.catch(take)hold of 抓住He caught hold of the girl by the hand.devote oneself to 献身于, 专心于She devotes

50、 herself to teaching.devote ones lifet广-献身He devotes his life to the research.do(great)harm to 对 危害(大)The rain has done great harm to the crops.do(great)wrong to 冤枉,委屈Don ' t do wrong to an innocent person.feel pity for 对感到怜悯He felt pity for the poor girl.Fix one ' s eyesWKHe fixed his eyes

51、on the girl.form the habit of 养成 的习惯He has formed the habit of getting up early.Get a good hold of 抓牢He got a good hold of the rope.Get in touch with 同取得联系I got in touch with her by phone.get rid of 除去，摆脱She has got rid of the habit.give advice on 提出 建议He gave advice on city planning.have none of 不允

52、许, 不接受He will have none of your empty promise.have trust in 相信She had trust in him.have (no) difficulty in ( 没用困难He has difficulty in doing the work .have a word with 同 谈话I want to have a word with you.have trouble in 在 有麻烦She had trouble in the matter.have a look atH-下Let me have a good at it.have

53、words with 同口角(争吵)He had words with his wife.have (show) interest in对有兴趣He has great interest in this kind of film.have(deep)effect on 对有(深远)影响The book has great effect on his life.have mercy on 同情，怜悯He has no mercy on the poor old man.have(take)pity on 同情He has great pity on the sick boy.have the h

54、onour of 有幸he has the honour of meeting her there.help oneself to 请吃； 自用Please help yourself to some fruit.keep a record of 记录She kept a record of her daily life.make friends with 同 交朋友He made friends with a foreign girl.make fun of 取笑Don ' t make fun of him.make(the)best use of 充分利用They make th

55、e best use of the money.make(good , full)use of (很好，充分)利用You should make good use of your time.make an apology to 向 道歉He made an apology to her.make one ' s way to 向He made his way to the house.make preparations for 准备She is making preparations for the holiday.make a dive for 猛冲The dog make a dive for the bone.make a mistake about 为广生误会Don ' t made a mistake about her.make a study of 研究, 学习