美国大学英语写作课后习题答案PART1

1、ANSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph) , pages 56Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing,

2、shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph) , 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs) , 9 T01. To begin with, I just don t enjoy the general hassle of the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always j

3、ammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really do nt need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and d

4、own the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph) , 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18 -20Answers will vary.3. The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline ), 25 W1 Answers will vary.Activ

5、ity ( Writing a First Draft ), 331. thesisspecific2. firstbs3. equiped (other answers are possible)4. second and thirdActivity ( Revising with a Second Draft ), 36 W71. Secondwatching what I keep in the house2. howevercomfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am.4. support . . . sna

6、cks like celery and carrotsticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . dripping with butter . . . risk pulling out my fillings as I chewActivity ( Taking a Writing Inventory ), 39 Y0 Answers will vary.Activity ( Prewriting ), 41 W3L, Q, SO, C, FActivity 1 ( Outlining ), 43 汨51. Thesis:My high scho

7、ol had three problem areas. a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym5.6.7. conclusion5.6.7. As8. jump into my hands9. disgusted2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restauran

8、t was my worst job. a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen(2) Noisy work areab. Hours(1) Ten-hour shifts(2) Hours changed every weekc. Pay(1) Minimum wage(2) No bonus for overtime3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.a. Social benefits(1) Make new friends(2) Meet interesting instr

9、uctorsb. Mental benefits(1) Reduces mental stress(2) Improves self-imagec. Physical benefits(1) Strengthens heart(2) Tones muscles4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations.a. Lighter workload(1) Less work in class(2) Less homeworkb. Friendlier atmosphere(1) Teache

10、rs more relaxed(2) Students happy about vacationc. Special events(1) Pep rallies(2) Holiday concertsActivity 2 ( Outlining ), 45 汨7Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.First topic sentence:The world of business

11、is one area in which technology is isolating us.Support: 2. Workers salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.a. Customers interact with machines rather than people.b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan offic

12、ers.Second topic sentenceA: nother area that technology is changing is entertainment.Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.Third topic sentence: Education is a third important area in which technology is separating us from others.Suppo

13、rt: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.3. Students use software at home instead of interacting with others.4. Videotapes are replacing class instruction.Activity ( Revising), 47 W82 , 1, 4, 33 The First and Second Steps in Essay WritingActivity ( Writing a Good Thesis ), 50-51List 1List 22

14、Teachersl Education bike riding3 Math teacher5 My high school mathteacher was incompetent.a6 High school math teacher List 31 Retail companies2 Supermarketstrip4 Dealing with customers3Working in a supermarket5Ive learned how to handleunpleasant supermarket customers.Activity ( Common Errors in Writ

15、ing a ThesisA. 1.TB23 Bicycles 4 Dangers ofl Recreation2 Recreational vehicles5 Bike riding in the city isdangerous experience.List 43 Camping4 First camping2 Summer vacation5 My first camping trip was a disastrous experience.l Vacations ), 53B. 6.2. TN7.A3. TB8.24. TN9.A5. TB10.2Activity ( Support

16、the Thesis with Specific Evidence ), 54 -55Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below.1. c. Learning new rules and procedures4. c. Save money2. c. Sense of humor5. c.Long hours3. c. Too cold in the winter6. c. Worryabout financesActivity ( The Import

17、ance of Specific Details ), 57S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buying pressure-treated lumber.X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced? How did this parent punish the writer?S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of it

18、ems that should not be improved: cheesecake and jeans.X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners are away? How did the owners try to train the dog?Activity 1 ( The Importance of Adequate Details ), 58Answers are given in the text after the activity.Acti

19、vity ( Identifying the Parts of an Essay ), 61Thesis statement: 4Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22First sentence of the conclusion: 34Activity 1 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 61 -62Activi

20、ty 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 621. Aa.1. TN a.OKb.OK b.2. OKa.3. TN a.Ab.OK b.4. OKa.5. TN a.Ab.OK b.6. Aa.7. OK a.OKb.b.TN8.9. OK a.OKTN b.a.b.1.1 . OK a.OK2 b.2.2. 2 a.OKOK b.3.4. OK a.TB2b.4.5. 2 a.OKOK b.6.7. 2 a.OKOK b.Activity ( Completing Thesis Statements), 64TBa.b.TBa.b.OKa.b.TBa.b.T

21、Ba.b.Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62-63 Activity 4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 6322 / 19Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is listed below.1. science.2. to be enthusiastic.immature.3. my boyfriend.4. money.relationsh

22、ips with others.5. breaks down regularly.friend s car.Activity ( Writing a Thesis Statement ), 65 Answers may vary slightly.6. coach7. we were emotionally8. manners9. my10. the time I dented my1. The cars Ive owned have reflected the changes in my personality.2. Attending a two-year college has seve

23、ral advantages.3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.4. Halloween is not all fun.5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.Activity 1 ( Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis ), 66Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject is listed below.1. Sharing an apartment with

24、 a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.3. My mother s tidiness drives us crazy.4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.6. Regular exerc

25、ise can help ease emotional problems.7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than the yre supposed to.8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating.10. Noise pollution is a growin

26、g problem in our city.Activity 2 ( Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis ), 67Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.1. Exotic animals as petsPeople should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.2. Teens and birth controlParents should be noti

27、fied if their daughters visit a birth control clinic.3. The new season s TV programmingThe new television programs are carbon copies of last yeasr successful shows.4. Computerized officesComputers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.5. Major fields of studyChoosing a major does

28、 not have to be done blindly.6. House callsDoctors should be compelled to make house calls.7. Summer vacationsSummer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.8. BarbecuingThere are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue gri.ll9. Children s allowancesGetting an allowance teache

29、s a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.10. Christmas shoppingOne year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance.Activity ( Providing Specific Evidence ), 68 £9Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was b

30、urned; host and hostess got into a huge fight2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs his hair with his toothbrush3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me5. Baby-sitting, g

31、ardening, baking cookies6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temper Activity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence ), 690AD 1.U 2. What are specific examples of how peopl

32、e are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly, treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, and providing a nutritious diet.U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of lit

33、tle interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting? Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and so on) that aren t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitious jingles or celebrity e

34、ndorsements (using examples of current commercials).AD 4.U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestions other than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was

35、 unsuccessful? And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what she wanted? For instance, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writer attempted to please her.Activity ( Adding Details to Complete an Essay ), 70 73Answers will vary; possible supporting detai

36、ls are included in the paragraphs below.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before.Dad introduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer Dorothy Sayers and it was plea

37、sant to see them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I settled modestly for the daily newspapers. We each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for agesM. om and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted o

38、ff her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September.In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. Instead of putting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and fo

39、und that, without the sound of the TV blaring in our ears, we could do them in a couple of hours- far more quickly than we expected.Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some timMom fixed a faucet

40、that had been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magazines that had been missing for months. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a cha

41、nce to do some long-postponed shoppingMom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue. Mom and Da

42、d struggled with this year's income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letting me stay with her during my weekend in New York City last month.Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each othe

43、r. Instead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to Boston we are going to take this summerMoreover, for the first time in year

44、s my family played some games together.We played several games of Scrabble, and we even got out the Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family has made up over the years. And because we didn't have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a cou

45、ple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them.We were glad to see how much the Overholt children had grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing all evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they bought.4 The Third Step in Essay WritingFill-ins (Common Methods of Organ

46、ization ), 75 36The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time order.The paragraph uses the following words to help show time order: Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing, In addition, and

47、 Most important to help show emphatic order.The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph.Activity ( Common Methods of Organization ), 77A. 1. time orderB.time; emphatic; time; emphatic2. emphatic order3. combination of time and emphatic orderActivity ( Transition

48、s ), 78 -801. Addition signals: One, Also, Another2. Time signals:After, First, Next, Finally3. Space signalsNext to, To the right, Near4. Change-of-direction signals:But, however5. Illustration signals: For example, such as6. Conclusion signals:Finally, thereforeActivity ( Transitional Sentences),

49、81Answers may vary slightly.In addition to teaching me about the importance of family support, my parents taught me the value of hard work.Along with the value of hard work, my parents emphasized the benefits of a good education.Activity ( Other Connecting Words ), 831. four times2. he3. iron range;

50、 throbbing swellings; frigidActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 86-87Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 891. B Starting with an opposite1. P/R2. F Quotation2. Q3. A General to narrow3. SActivity ( Titles), 90 切Answers will vary; examples of titles are given below.1. Choosing McDonald s2. A Diner at Mid

51、night3. Audiences at Rock ConcertsActivity 1 ( Organizing Through Time Order ), 91 A33123121. 12.3.13322Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order), 95 -961. 22.3. 21331Activity ( Providing Transitions ), 93 -94 First of all, there are the people . For example, there are the ones .Another type of

52、 nervous .一However, neither of these .一A second category of people .一On the contrary, they feel compelled .一As a result, no one hears .一After they have been to the theater .Then they will start .一Last of all, there are the people who talk .一In addition, it is impossible .一But if ever I am granted .一

53、Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words ), 95 -96S1.T9P2.RW10.T3.S11.S4.T12.P5.P13.RW6.RW14.P7.T15.P8.Activity ( Completing Transitional Sentences ), 96 -97Thesis 1:After making certain that your house conforms to state regulations, you must obtainjegal permits .一Finally, once y

54、ou have the necessary legal permits, you can begin to advertise .一Thesis 2:In addition to saving me money, watching the game at home is more comfortable than sitting in a stadium .Even more important than cost and comfort, though, is the technology which makes a televised game better than the real t

55、hing.".Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions ), 97-99Pair 1:D Incident or storyI Prediction or recommendationPair 2:EQuestion(s)G Summary and final thoughtPair 3:F QuotationG Summary and final thought5 The Fourth Step in Essay WritingActivity ( Use Parallelism), 101 T02 Answers ma

56、y vary slightly.1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with numbers, and making speeches.3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and skills.4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, and sprayed with red enamel.5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioning for professional companies.6. Juan's last job offered security; his new job offe