SQL server存储过程语法及实例

1、存储过程如同一门程序设计语言,同样包含了数据类型、流程控制、输入和输出和它自己的函数库。-基本语法-一.创建存储过程create procedure sp_name(begin.end二.调用存储过程1.基本语法:call sp_name(注意:存储过程名称后面必须加括号,哪怕该存储过程没有参数传递三.删除存储过程1.基本语法:drop procedure sp_name/2.注意事项(1不能在一个存储过程中删除另一个存储过程,只能调用另一个存储过程四.其他常用命令1.show procedure status显示数据库中所有存储的存储过程基本信息,包括所属数据库,存储过程名称,创建时间等2.

2、show create procedure sp_name显示某一个mysql存储过程的详细信息-数据类型及运算符-一、基本数据类型:略二、变量:自定义变量:DECLARE a INT ; SET a=100; 可用以下语句代替:DECLARE a INT DEFAULT 100;变量分为用户变量和系统变量,系统变量又分为会话和全局级变量用户变量:用户变量名一般以开头,滥用用户变量会导致程序难以理解及管理1、在mysql客户端使用用户变量mysql> SELECT 'Hello World' into x;mysql> SELECT x;mysql> SET

3、y='Goodbye Cruel World'mysql> select y;mysql> SET z=1+2+3;mysql> select z;2、在存储过程中使用用户变量mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE GreetWorld( SELECT CONCAT(greeting,' World' mysql> SET greeting='Hello'mysql> CALL GreetWorld( ;3、在存储过程间传递全局范围的用户变量mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE p1(

4、SET last_procedure='p1'mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE p2( SELECT CONCAT('Last procedure was',last_procedure;mysql> CALL p1( ;mysql> CALL p2( ;三、运算符:1.算术运算符+ 加SET var1=2+2; 4- 减SET var2=3-2; 1* 乘SET var3=3*2; 6/ 除SET var4=10/3; 3.3333DIV 整除SET var5=10 DIV 3; 3% 取模SET var6=10%3 ; 12.

5、比较运算符> 大于1>2 False< 小于2<1 False<= 小于等于2<=2 True>= 大于等于3>=2 TrueBETWEEN 在两值之间5 BETWEEN 1 AND 10 TrueNOT BETWEEN 不在两值之间5 NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 10 FalseIN 在集合中5 IN (1,2,3,4 FalseNOT IN 不在集合中5 NOT IN (1,2,3,4 True= 等于2=3 False<>, != 不等于2<>3 False<=>严格比较两个NULL值是否相等NU

6、LL<=>NULL TrueLIKE 简单模式匹配"Guy Harrison" LIKE "Guy%" TrueREGEXP 正则式匹配"Guy Harrison" REGEXP "Ggreg" FalseIS NULL 为空0 IS NULL FalseIS NOT NULL 不为空0 IS NOT NULL True3.逻辑运算符4.位运算符| 或& 与<< 左移位>> 右移位 非(单目运算,按位取反注释:mysql存储过程可使用两种风格的注释双横杠:-该风格一般用于

7、单行注释c风格:/* 注释内容*/ 一般用于多行注释-流程控制-一、顺序结构二、分支结构ifcase三、循环结构for循环while循环loop循环repeat until循环注:区块定义,常用begin.end;也可以给区块起别名,如:lable:begin.end lable;可以用leave lable;跳出区块,执行区块以后的代码begin和end如同C语言中的 和。-输入和输出-mysql存储过程的参数用在存储过程的定义,共有三种参数类型,IN,OUT,INOUT Create procedure|function(IN |OUT |INOUT 参数名数据类形.IN 输入参数表示该参

8、数的值必须在调用存储过程时指定,在存储过程中修改该参数的值不能被返回,为默认值OUT 输出参数该值可在存储过程内部被改变,并可返回INOUT 输入输出参数调用时指定,并且可被改变和返回IN参数例子:CREATE PROCEDURE sp_demo_in_parameter(IN p_in INTBEGINSELECT p_in; -查询输入参数SET p_in=2; -修改select p_in;-查看修改后的值END;执行结果:mysql> set p_in=1mysql> call sp_demo_in_param eter(p_in略mysql> select p_in

9、;略以上可以看出,p_in虽然在存储过程中被修改,但并不影响p_id的值OUT参数例子创建:mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE sp_demo_out_parameter(OUT p_out INT BEGINSELECT p_out;/*查看输出参数*/SET p_out=2;/*修改参数值*/SELECT p_out;/*看看有否变化*/END;执行结果:mysql> SET p_out=1mysql> CALL sp_demo_out_parameter(p_out略mysql> SELECT p_out;略INOUT参数例子:mysql> CR

10、EATE PROCEDURE sp_demo_inout_parameter(INOUT p_inout INT BEGINSELECT p_inout;SET p_inout=2;SELECT p_inout;END;执行结果:set p_inout=1call sp_demo_inout_parameter(p_inout /略select p_inout;略附:函数库mysql存储过程基本函数包括:字符串类型,数值类型,日期类型一、字符串类CHARSET(str /返回字串字符集CONCAT (string2 , /连接字串INSTR (string ,substring /返回subs

11、tring首次在string中出现的位置,不存在返回0LCASE (string2 /转换成小写LEFT (string2 ,length /从string2中的左边起取length个字符LENGTH (string /string长度LOAD_FILE (file_name /从文件读取内容LOCATE (substring , string ,start_position 同INSTR,但可指定开始位置LPAD (string2 ,length ,pad /重复用pad加在string开头,直到字串长度为length LTRIM (string2 /去除前端空格REPEAT (string

12、2 ,count /重复count次REPLACE (str ,search_str ,replace_str /在str中用replace_str替换search_str RPAD (string2 ,length ,pad /在str后用pad补充,直到长度为lengthRT RIM (string2 /去除后端空格STRCMP (string1 ,string2 /逐字符比较两字串大小,SUBST RING (str , position ,length /从str的position开始,取length个字符,注:mysql中处理字符串时,默认第一个字符下标为1,即参数position必

13、须大于等于1 mysql> select substring(abcd,0,2;+| substring(abcd,0,2 |+| |+1 row in set (0.00 secmysql> select substring(abcd,1,2;+| substring(abcd,1,2 |+| ab |+1 row in set (0.02 secTRIM(BOTH|LEADING|TRAILING padding FROMstring2 /去除指定位置的指定字符UCASE (string2 /转换成大写RIGHT(string2,length /取string2最后length

14、个字符SPACE(count /生成count个空格二、数值类型ABS (number2 /绝对值BIN (decim al_number /十进制转二进制CEILING (number2 /向上取整CONV(number2,from_base,to_base /进制转换FLOOR (number2 /向下取整FORMAT (number,decim al_places /保留小数位数HEX (Decim alNumber /转十六进制注:HEX(中可传入字符串,则返回其ASC-11码,如HEX(DEF返回4142143也可以传入十进制整数,返回其十六进制编码,如HEX(25返回19LEAST

15、 (number , number2 ,. /求最小值MOD (numerator ,denominator /求余POWER (number ,power /求指数RAND(seed /随机数ROUND (number ,decimals /四舍五入,decim als为小数位数注:返回类型并非均为整数,如:(1默认变为整形值mysql> select round(1.23;+-+| round(1.23 |+-+| 1 |+-+1 row in set (0.00 secmysql> select round(1.56;+-+| round(1.56 |+-+| 2 |+-+1

16、 row in set (0.00 sec(2可以设定小数位数,返回浮点型数据mysql> select round(1.567,2;+-+| round(1.567,2 |+-+| 1.57 |+-+1 row in set (0.00 secSIGN (number2 /返回符号,正负或0SQRT(number2 /开平方三、日期类型ADDT IME (date2 ,tim e_interval /将tim e_interval加到date2CONVERT_TZ (datetim e2 ,from T Z ,toTZ /转换时区CURRENT_DATE ( /当前日期CURRENT_

17、TIME ( /当前时间CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ( /当前时间戳DATE (datetim e /返回datetim e的日期部分DATE_ADD (date2 , INTERVAL d_value d_type /在date2中加上日期或时间DATE_FORMAT (datetim e ,FormatCodes /使用formatcodes格式显示datetim e DATE_SUB (date2 , INTERVAL d_value d_type /在date2上减去一个时间DATEDIFF (date1 ,date2 /两个日期差DAY (date /返回日期的天DAY NA

18、ME (date /英文星期DAYOFWEEK (date /星期(1-7 ,1为星期天DAYOFYEAR (date /一年中的第几天EXTRACT (interval_name FROM date /从date中提取日期的指定部分MAKEDATE (year ,day /给出年及年中的第几天,生成日期串MAKETIME (hour ,minute ,second /生成时间串MONTHNAME (date /英文月份名NOW ( /当前时间SEC_TO_TIME (seconds /秒数转成时间STR_TO_DATE (string ,format /字串转成时间,以format格式显示T

19、IMEDIFF (datetim e1 ,datetim e2 /两个时间差TIME_TO_SEC (time /时间转秒数WEEK (date_time ,start_of_week /第几周YEAR (datetim e /年份DAYOFMONT H(datetim e /月的第几天HOUR(datetim e /小时LAST_DAY(date /date的月的最后日期MICROSECOND(datetim e /微秒MONTH(datetim e /月MINUTE(datetim e /分注:可用在INTERVAL中的类型:DAY ,DAY_HOUR ,DAY_MINUTE ,DAY_S

20、ECOND ,HOUR ,HOUR_MINUTE ,HOUR_SE COND ,MINUTE ,MINUTE_SECOND,MONT H ,SECOND ,YEARDECLARE variable_name ,variable_name. datatype DEFAULT value;其中,datatype为mysql的数据类型,如:INT, FLOAT, DATE, VARCHAR(length例:DECLARE l_int INT unsigned default 4000000;DECLARE l_numeric NUMERIC(8,2 DEFAULT 9.95;DECLARE l_da

21、te DATE DEFAULT '1999-12-31'DECLARE l_datetim e DATETIME DEFAULT '1999-12-31 23:59:59'DECLARE l_varchar VARCHAR(255 DEFAULT 'This will not be padded'SQL Server版语法为了方便说明,数据库使用SQL Server的示例数据库,Northwind和pubs,如果SQL Server中没有的话,可以按下面的方法安装1,下载SQL2000SampleDb.msi,下载地址是:2,安装后,到默认目录C

22、:SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases 有instnwnd.sql ,instpubs.sql 两个文件3,在sql server中运行这两个sql 就可以创建你Northwind和pubs数据库。下面开始学T-SQL的语法一.注释- 单行注释,从这到本行结束为注释,类似C+,c#中/* */ 多行注释,类似C+,C#中/* */二.变量(int, smallint, tinyint, decimal,float,real, money ,smallmoney, text ,image, char, varchar。语法:DECLARElocal_variable

23、data_type ,.n例如:declare ID int -申明一个名为ID的变量,类型为int型三.在SQL Server窗口中打印出变量的值语法:PRINT 'any ASCII text' | local_variable | FUNCTION | string_expr四.变量赋值例如:-从数据表中取出第一行数据的ID,赋值给变量id,然后打印出来Declare ID intSet ID = (select top(1 categoryID from categoriesPrint ID在SQL中,我们不能像代码那样直接给变量赋值,例如id = 1,如果要达到这样的

24、功能,可以这样写:Declare ID intSet ID = (select 1 - 类似ID=1Select id=1 - 类似ID=1Print ID五.变量运算(+,-,*,/,以下必要时候省略变量申明Set ID = (select 1+5 -类似ID=1+5Set ID=(select 1-ID -类似ID=1-ID六.比较操作符? > (greater than.? < (less than.? = (equals.? <= (less than or equal to.? >= (greater than or equal to.? != (not eq

25、ual to.? <> (not equal to.? ! < (not less than.? !> (not greater than.没什么说的七.语句块:Begin end将多条语句作为一个块,类似与C+,C#中的 例如:BeginSet ID1 = (select 1Set ID2 = (select 2End八.If,ifelse语法:IF Boolean_expressionsql_statement | statement_blockELSEsql_statement | statement_block例如:If id is not nullPrint

26、id is not nullif ID = 1beginSet ID = (select 1 + 1endelsebeginset ID=(select 1+2end上面的例子用到了比较操作符,语句块,和IF的语法。九.执行其他存储过程EXEC例如EXEC dbo.Sales by Year Beginning_Date=1/01/90, Ending_Date=1/01/08 十.事务语法:BEGIN TRANSACTION transaction_name | tran_name_variable例如BEGIN TRAN- 做某些操作,例如Insert into if error <

27、> 0BEGINROLLBACK TRANENDelseBEGINCOMMIT TRANEND十一.游标我们可以在存储过程中用Select语句取出每一行数据进行操作,这就需要用到游标。语法:DECLARE cursor_name CURSORLOCAL | GLOBALFORWARD_ONLY | SCROLLSTATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARDREAD_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTICTYPE_WARNINGFOR select_statementFOR UPDATE OF column_name ,.n例如:

28、DECLARE au_id varchar(11, au_fname varchar(20 申明变量-申明一个游标DECLARE authors_cursor CURSOR FORSELECT au_id, au_fname FROM authors-打开游标OPEN authors_cursor-取出值FETCH NEXT FROM authors_cursor INTO au_id, au_fname-循环取出游标的值WHILE FETCH_STATUS = 0BEGINPrint au_idPrint au_fnamePrint FETCH NEXT FROM authors_curso

29、rINTO au_id, au_fnameENDCLOSE authors_cursor 关闭游标DEALLOCATE authors_cursor -释放游标我觉得上面的是存储过程常用的一些东东,如果要更深入的了解,更详细的帮助,请参考SQL Server 的帮助文档例子:我自己做了一个,没有问题,你可以看一下use Northwindgocreate proc testStartOrderID int,EndOrderID int,Code varchar(1000 OutAsBeginDeclare tm p intSet Code=''Declare #cur_orde

30、rs cursor for Select OrderID Fro m Orderswhere OrderID>=startOrderID and OrderID<=En dOrderIDfor read onlyOpen #cur_Ordersfetch next from#cur_orders into tm pwhile fetch_Status=0BeginSet Code=Code+'-'+convert(varchar(8,t m pfetch next from#cur_orders into tmpEndclose #cur_OrdersDealloc

31、ate #cur_OrdersreturnEndgo续2String ret=null;tryString urlString user="sa"String password=""Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,passwor d;CallableStatem ent stm t=conn.prepareCall("exec test ?,?,?"stm t.setInt(1,10248;stm t.setInt(2,10284;stm t.registerO

32、utParameter(3,Types.VARCHAR;stm t.setString(3,ret;stm t.execute(;stm t.close(;stm t=null;conn.close(;catch(ClassNotFoundException ee.printStackTrace(;catch(SQLException ee.printStackTrace(;上面的例子没有问题,针对你的情况,我又写了一个,应该可以解决你现在的问题- 新建一个表Create table tm pOrders (OrderID int,Custom erID nchar(5-把Orders 里的O

33、rderID列全部插入,这样Orders与t m pOrders之间就是1:1关系了insert into tm pOrdersSelect distinct orderID,'t m p' from Orderscreate proc testStartOrderID int,EndOrderID int,Code varchar(1000 OutAsBeginDeclare newOrderID intDeclare newCustom erID nchar(5Declare DummyInt intDeclare DummyChar nchar(5Set Code=

34、9;'/*1:1tem p table/formal table is synchronized t m pOrder s <->Ordersfetch from Orders, update tm pOrders*/- for tem p tableDeclare #cur_t mpOrders Cursor for select OrderID,Cus tom erIDFrom tmpOrderswhere OrderID>=startOrderIDand OrderID<=EndOrderIDfor update-for form al tableDeclare #cur_orders cursor for Select OrderID,Custo merIDFrom Orderswhere OrderID>=startOrderIDand OrderID<=EndOrderIDfor read onlyOpen #cur_OrdersOpen #c