高中阶段所有从句(课堂PPT)

1、1Welcome to our class2句子结构句子结构 按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、 并列句、复合句三种。并列句、复合句三种。一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类：为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类： S+V：The sun rises in the east. S+V+O：My brother bought a new cellphone.

2、3 S+V+P ：The grass turns green. S+V+Oi+Od ：My father gave me a gift. S+V+O+C ：He made the baby laugh.二、并列句：并列句往往由并列连词连接，并列句：并列句往往由并列连词连接，并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列的关系。常见的并列连词有并列的关系。常见的并列连词有and , not onlybut also, neither ,nor , neithernor,or, eitheror , but , yet , still , however , whil

3、e , when , for , so, thus, therefore 等。4Some students are interested in music and others are fond of playing football.She not only dances well but also sings well.Everyone likes a person with good manners, but no one likes a person with bad manners.I was about to leave when it began to rain.三、复合句：由一

4、个主句和一个或多个从句构成三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分，的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分，从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。位语、定语、状语等。5What he did made his mother angry.Parents shouldnt give their children whatever they want.This is because you are too careless.Check all your answers before you turn

5、 in your papers.A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.6定语从句定语从句定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形 容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代 词或整个主句。词或整个主句。 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not true man. Miss Green is a strict but kind teacher who

6、 always cares for every student. Football is played in over 80 countries, which makes it popular.7Ill never forget the days 关系代词，在从关系代词，在从 句中作宾语句中作宾语 先行词先行词 that we spent together. 修饰修饰8关系代词的选择和作用关系代词的选择和作用1. 先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用主语时用who, 作宾语时用作宾语时用whom (whom可以省略可以省略).The boy who

7、broke the window is called Tom.The person whom you just talked to is Mr. Li.The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.2. 先行词指物时，关系代词在定语从句中作先行词指物时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用主语或宾语时用which, 作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略。9They planted the trees which didnt need much water.The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.3 . 先行词既可以

8、指人也可以指物，关系代词在定先行词既可以指人也可以指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that, 作宾作宾语是可省略。语是可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jims sister.Hes changed. Hes not the man that he was before.4 . Whose 的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。10指物时可

9、与指物时可与 of which 互换，互换，“名词名词+of which” .Harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher.The house whose windows face east is Mr. Smiths.The house the windows of which faces east is Mr. Smiths.11关系副词的选择和作用关系副词的选择和作用1. 当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词when。 I still remembe

10、r the day when I first came to Beijing.比较：比较：I still remember the day that/which we spent together.2. 当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，选择关系副词中缺少地点状语时，选择关系副词where。This is the house where we lived last year.12比较：比较：This is the place that/which I once visited.3 . 当先行词是当先行词是the reason (s) ，且

11、从句中缺从句中缺少原因状语时，选择关系副词少原因状语时，选择关系副词 why。This is the reason why he was killed.比较：比较：This reason that/which he gave us was unacceptable.13介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”也可以在从句中充当时间、地也可以在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：1. 根据先行词的搭配习惯根据先行词的搭配习惯 the day on which I joined the army.

12、 I still remember the year in which I stayed here.142 . 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配根据从句中谓语动词的搭配 on which I spent 5 Yuan. This is the book for which I paid 5 Yuan. from which I learnt a lot.3 . 根据所表达的意义根据所表达的意义The wall on which there is a map faces east.The wall in which there is a window faces east.15As 和 which1.

13、as 和和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语都可以引导非限制性定语从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指代前面整个句子。代前面整个句子。区别：区别： as 引导的非限制性定语从句，可引导的非限制性定语从句，可放放 在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间；在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间；which 引导的非限制性定语从句，只能引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后。放在主句之后。 as 有正如，正像的有正如，正像的含义含义，而而 which 没有没有。 Shakespeare is a famous playwright, as we know.16 As we k

14、now, Shakespeare is a famous playwright. Shakespeare, as we know, is a famous playwright. His mother is an engineer, which makes him proud.2 . 若先行词被若先行词被 such 或或 the same所修饰所修饰，关系代词用 as 。 He is such a kind man as we all like. This is the same watch as I lost.17 只能用只能用 that 的情况的情况1. 当先行词是当先行词是 all, m

15、uch, little, any, few, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, the one等不定代词时等不定代词时 Is there anything that I can do for you?2. 当先行词被当先行词被 the only, the very, the last修饰修饰时时 I was the only person in my office that was invited.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the best book that I

16、 have read. The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 184. 先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the things and persons that they remembered. 5. 当主句是以当主句是以 who 或或 which 开头的特殊开头的特殊疑问句时疑问句时 Who is the boy that is standing over there?19不能用不能用 that 的情况：的情况：1. 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 Dinner

17、starts with a small dish, which is called a starter.2. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：词位于关系代词前时： Im looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.20定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致。持一致。 Mr. Smith, who is now down

18、stairs, is asking to see you. The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.2. One of + 复数名词复数名词 + 关系代词关系代词 + 谓语动谓语动词复数形式；词复数形式；the (only) one of +复数名复数名词词 + 关系代词关系代词 +谓语动词单数形式谓语动词单数形式 21 He is one of the students who work hard. He is the (only) one of the students who goes abroad. 在定语从句

19、中，被关系词代替的部分不可在定语从句中，被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现在从句中重复出现。 This is the right book that you are looking for it.（） 当先行词是当先行词是 way 表示方式、方法时，关系表示方式、方法时，关系词可用词可用 in which、that 或省略。或省略。 This is the way in which/(that) I study English.22 当先行词当先行词 situation, point, degree等作先等作先行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由 where 引引导定语

20、从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Can you think out a situation where this word can be used? Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. Is this school _ we visited? This school is the one that we visited. Is this the school _ we visited? This is the school that we visited.23 限

21、制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的，它限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的，它对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指代不清。代不清。 A doctor is a person who looks after the patients. Lijiang, where I was bor

22、n, is very beautiful.242. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。 The earth goes round the sun, which is true. She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.3. 在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导 词前有逗号将其与主句分开；而限制性定词前有逗号将其与主句分

23、开；而限制性定语从句则没有语从句则没有。254. 在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中可以省略。从句中可以省略。 The novel (which) I have read three times is very moving. This novel, which I have read three times, is very moving.5. 在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用 that (指人时用指人时用 who /whom, 指物用指物用

24、 which),关系副词则用关系副词则用 when, where, for which6. 非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。261. All the neighbors admire this family， _the parents are treating their child like a friend . A. why B. where C. which D. that2. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal w

25、as reported in yesterdays newspaper. A. which B. whether C. what D. that 3. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that BDC274. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in th

26、e 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who5. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 6. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. thatCAA287

27、. Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, theres one point _we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. 8. If a shop has chairs _women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where9. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really en

28、joyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which10. Jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. itDDBA2911. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What12.He was educated at a local gr

29、ammar school, _he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this13. Her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. whichBCD30 单句改错单句改错:1.I also enjoy the evening when we spent together. _2.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.

30、_3.This is one of the best books that has been published so far. _4.She is the only one of the students who were praised. _5.I will give your sister a model plane which she will like to play. _31 6.It is the most exciting football match which I have seen. _ 7.Which we know, heavy objects and light o

31、bjects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. _ 8.He doesnt have such a mind that is necessary to a scientist. _ 9.The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong. _ 10.On the wall hung a picture, which color is blue. _3214. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A

32、. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which15. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _ , is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom turn D. for her to turn16. By using your eyes you can tell the direction _ light comes. A. in which B. from which C

33、. with which D. on whichABA3317. Can you tell me the name of the shop _ you paid a visit last week? A. what B. which C. to which D. to that18. I, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is19. The last question _ can be used by you. A. which he asked B. that he was aske

34、d it C. he asked D. he asked itCBC3420. Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his absence? A. why B. when C. that D. what21. The box, _ color is red and white, is for putting old books. A. which B. whose C. its D. that22. _ she could do was to go back home. A. All what B. All that C. All

35、this D. All whichCBB35 形容词性从句（定语从句）形容词性从句（定语从句） 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 复合句复合句 名词性从句名词性从句 宾语从句宾语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 副词性从句（状语从句）副词性从句（状语从句）36主语从句主语从句 主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。引导主主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有语从句的词有： 连词连词：that whether; 连接代词连接代词：who what which; 连接副词连接副词：when where how why等 That he will come to the party excited

36、 us. Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.37 Who won the game is now known. What he said is right. When we shall meet again is unknown. that 一般置于句首，引导的是一个完整一般置于句首，引导的是一个完整 的陈述句的陈述句 that 在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略只起连接作用，但不可以省略 有时，为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调，有时，为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调，常用常用 it 作形式主

37、语，把作形式主语，把 that 引导的主语从引导的主语从句放到后面。句放到后面。38 常用的句式主要有常用的句式主要有：u It + be + 形容词形容词 + that从句从句 常用的形容词有常用的形容词有:likely, right , wrong, certain, necessary, important, natural, strange, obvious, clear等等 It is necessary that we (should) buy a Chinese-English dictionary. It is likely that there will be a snows

38、torm tomorrow.在在“It is necessary /important/strange/natural +that从句从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用结构中，从句谓语动词常用“should +动词原形动词原形”，should 也可省略。也可省略。39uIt + be + 名词名词 + that 从句从句 常用的名词有：常用的名词有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder, good news等等 It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture. It is no w

39、onder that you have achieved so much success.uIt + be +动词动词-ed + that 从句从句 常用的动词常用的动词-ed 形式：形式：said, believed, hoped, reported, told, thought, advised, decided, suggested, ordered等等 It is said that the famous writer will visit our school next week.40 It was suggested that each student (should) sing

40、a song in English.在在“It is advised/decided/suggested/ordered + that从句从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用结构中，从句谓语动词常用 “should +动词原形动词原形”，should 也可省略。也可省略。uIt +特殊动词特殊动词+ that 从句从句 常用的动词有常用的动词有: happen, (doesnt) matter, occur, make difference 等等 It happened that I knew how to deal with it. It doesnt matter whether he is w

41、rong or not.41表语从句表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，放在系表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有动词之后。引导表语从句的词有： 连词：连词：that whether; 连接代词：连接代词：who what which; 连接副词：连接副词：when where how why 另外，另外，because, as if/though也可引导表语也可引导表语从句。从句。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt get up on time. 42 The question is whether

42、he will come or not. Changsha is not what it used to be. This is how we got out of trouble then. It looks as if it is going to rain. that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略起连接作用，但不可以省略 当主语为当主语为advice, decision, demand, suggestion, order等表示要求、主张、建议、等表示要求、主张、建议、命令的词时，从句谓语动词为命令的词时，从句谓语动词为“shou

43、ld +动动词原形词原形”，should 可以省略。可以省略。 My advice is that you (should) stop smoking. 43同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词（般跟在某些名词（ fact, idea, news, promise 等）的后面等）的后面，用以说明或解释前面用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的有连词的名词。引导同位语从句的有连词that,少数少数情况也用情况也用whether, how, when, where, why等。等。 The news that they

44、 won the match is true. The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.44 that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略起连接作用，但不可以省略. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句的区别： The news that they won the game is true. The news （that ）you told us is true. a.从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释

45、说明，后者对名词进行修饰后者对名词进行修饰、限定。限定。 b.从结构上讲，前者由连词从结构上讲，前者由连词that引导，不作引导，不作成分，不可省略，后者由关系词引导，代替成分，不可省略，后者由关系词引导，代替先行词在从句中作某个成分，作宾语时可省先行词在从句中作某个成分，作宾语时可省略。略。 45填入适当的引导词填入适当的引导词 1._ he wants is a book 2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.Is _ he told us true ?4.It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childh

46、ood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. 5._ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 6._ matters most in learning English is enough practice.467. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself. 8._parents say and do has a life-long

47、 effect on their children. 9._ he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.10._ he came here is not known.11._he will go or not is not clear.12._ will take part in the physics contest will be announced this afternoon.471.(08北京卷北京卷) The companies are working together to create they hope will be the

48、 best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who2.(08上海春卷上海春卷) The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper A. which B. whether C. what D. that 3.(08上海春卷上海春卷) _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled A.

49、 What B. Which C. Whether D. That 484.(08上海卷上海卷) As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that5.(08上海卷上海卷) It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. A. if B. because

50、C. when D. that 6.(08天津卷天津卷)The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 7.(08重庆卷重庆卷)People in Chongqing are proud of_ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how498.(08安徽卷安徽卷) Students are always interested in fin

51、ding out _they can go with a new teacher. A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long9.(08浙江卷浙江卷) _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D. Who10.(08浙江卷浙江卷) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents

52、speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one5011.(08湖南卷湖南卷)When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which12.(08陕西卷陕西卷) Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where1

53、3.(08福建卷福建卷) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which14.(08山东卷山东卷) _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As511._ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 2007 全国卷全国卷IIA. What

54、B. Why C. Where D. Which 2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 2007 上海卷上海卷 A. That B. WhatC. Whether D. Where3. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. 2007 上海卷上海卷 A. when B. whyC. whether D. that4. Could I speak to is in

55、 charge of International Sales ,please? 2007 山东卷山东卷 Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever DNo matter who 525. You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. 2007 安徽卷安徽卷 A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that6. Wheres that report? I brough

56、t it to you _you were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday. 2007 北京卷北京卷 A. if B. when C. because D. before7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. 2007 福建卷福建卷 A. how B. what C. which D. when8. Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the b

57、oy opened the door to his bedroom. 2007 湖南卷湖南卷 A. why B. that C. when D. where 539. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. 2007 江江苏卷苏卷 A. what B. whyC. how D. whether10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 2007 陕西卷陕西卷 A.That B.Which C.What D.As11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read2007 上海春上海春AthatBwhat Cwhich D. whether541. (安徽安徽06) Great changes have taken place in that school. It is n