初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解_练习_答案

1、现在完成时语法讲解1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。2.用法(1表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了(2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since

2、等表示一段时间的状语。如:He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。3.结构1.陈述句结构:主语+have( has(not+过去分词+其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2.一般疑问句结构:Have( Has +主语+过去分词+其它?3.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has +主语+ 过去分词+其它?e.g. He has already finished his homework.He hasnt f

3、inished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet?-Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.4表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语(1现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years

4、 ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never be

5、en to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month ,year, term等。例如:-Have y

6、ou met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次?(2现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在”等延续性动词来表述现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrivebe

7、 here begin(startbe ondie be dead c ome backbe backleave be away fall ill(sick,asleepbe ill(sick,asleepget upbe up go out be outfinish be over put on wear 或be onopen be open join be in或be a member ofclose be closed go to schoolbe a studentborrow keep buy havecatch(a cold have(a coldget to know knowb

8、eg in to studystudy come to workwork等如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的

9、结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较:I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明6.几点注意事项(1have been(to与have gone( to的区别:have been(to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了”,可用于各人称;have gone(to表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have

10、 been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如: It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。(3终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。现

11、在完成时练习单项选择(1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know(2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB. neverC. everD. still(3、Have you met Mr Li _?A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago (4、The famous writer _ one new book in the p

12、ast two year .A. is writingB. was writingC. wroteD. has written(5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed; wellB. changed; goodC. has changed; betterD. changed; better(6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was; studyingB. will; studyC. has; studiedD.

13、are; studying(7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew(8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD. see(9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. hav

14、e they gone (10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finishedD.will; do; finish(11、His father _ the club since 1988.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in(12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.

15、A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made(13、How long have you _ here?About seven years.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived(14、Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began(15、It _ ten years since he came Chengdu.A. isB. hasC. willD. was(16、Miss Green isn&#

16、39;t in the office. She _ to the library.A. has goneB. wentC. will goD. has been(17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been(18、He _ for 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up(19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days.A. isB.

17、catchesC. has caughtD. has had(20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university汉译英1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。Keys:1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往

18、无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。2、现在完成时常与already(已经,just(刚刚,正好,ever(曾经,never(从来,也不;从不,before(以前,yet(仍然等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently(近来,so far(到目前为止,in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once(一次,twice(两次,three times(三次,several times(几次等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈