中考英语动词专题

1、动词动词的种类包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1 .及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。(1)动词+宾语 I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。(2)动词+宾语+宾补 如：We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟Polly。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意：书省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有：make,let,have,see,w

2、atch,notice,hear。这一感(feel)、二听(hear/listen to)、三让(let/make/have卜 四看(look at/see/watch/notice)在主动语态中接do(省略to),但是在被动语态中必须加上to!感.使动词真奇怪一JQ.米Jo 一去记心怀.；主动一语态- to.离去被动语态t.oJM米?(3)动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语 如：Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。常见带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach,tell, wri

3、te , read, return 等。2 .不及物动词：不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。如：Horses run fast.马跑得快。(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词) We study hardife们努力学习(不及物动词)(2)不及物动词短语搭配要注意积累：动词 +介词 如：Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。X此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。动词 +副词 如:He turned off the light when he

4、 left.当他离开时，他把灯关了。He picked it up and gave it to me.他把它捡起来，并给了我。注意：代词作宾语时必须放在动词后,副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。动词+副词+介词 如:Let ' go on with our work.让我们继续我们的工作吧！He gets along well with his classmates.他与同学们相处得很好！注意：其后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。动词+名词+介词Please pay attention to the phrases in the article#注意文章中的短语。We can m

5、ake good use of air.我们可以充分利用空气。pay attention to doing sth.be +形容词+介词如:We are good at swimming.我们擅长游泳。She is satisfied with what I did.她对我所做的感到满意。3 .延续性和非延续性动词(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live, study, work, keep, teach 等。如:We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自 20XX 年以来，我们一直住在苏州。You can keep thi

6、s book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。I lived in London for many years.But I have never regretted my final decision to move back to China.(2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束，如：buy, borrow, die, begin, end, finish,diehave been dead go/leave have been away start/begin have been oarrive,join, go, come等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间

7、的状语连用。如果和表示一段 时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词代替。buyhave hadborrowhave keptcome/arrive have been input on have wornfall ill have been 川finish/endhave been overjoin have been in呆在某个组织）/ have been a memember ofThe old man has been dead for two years.那个老人去世已经两年了。（这里不能用has died）The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经

8、开始十分钟了。 （这里不能用 has begun根据句意完成句子：1 .Would you please?请把门打开好吗？2 .Jack always. Jack总是把房间保持地干净、整洁。（二）系动词:系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状 态、性质、特征或身份.常见的系动词有：go, be, become变得）,get （变得），look （看上去）， seem （似乎，好像），turn （变彳#） , sound （听起来），smell （闻起来），taste （尝起来），feel（摸起来），keep （保持）等。这些词没有被动语态的形式，也 不用于进行

9、时态。如：He is strong. /He is a strong man.根据中文意思，完成句子：1.Mr Wang very angry （似乎）2.This kind of cloth very soft.（摸起来）3. Her face red.（变得）4.Now my dream becomes true.（实现了）（三）助动词：助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独做谓语。它必须和别的动词连用， 帮助构成时态、语态否定和疑问等结构.常用的助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall1 .助动词 be（am, is, are, was

10、, were）（1）助动词 be + 现在分词，构成进行时。如:They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.（2）助动词be +过去分词，构成被动语态。Many trees was planted in the park last Sunday上星期天在公园种了很多树。2 .助动词have （has, had） （1）助动词have（has, had）知词-ed形式，构成完成时。（2）助动词have（has, had） + been +动词ing形式，构成完成进行时3 .助动词do用于构成疑问句和否定式，用于倒装句，加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的

11、动 词等。-Do you live in China?你住在中国吗？ 一 Yes, I do.是的，我住在中国。Only then did realize I was wrong到那时我才意识到我错了。4 .助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。（shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称）I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下个生日，我将 16 岁了。（四）情态动词：有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中 需和主要动词一起构成谓语。（五）易混动词1. used to do s坏口 be used t

12、o doing sthbe used to doing sthWfe示习惯做某事be used to do/for doing sthused to do sth表示过去常常做某事（否定：didn't use to de）I ' m used to getting early.（习惯）/I used to get up at five in the morning.过去经常2. arrive, get和reach表示“到达”时的区别arrive in + 大地方，arrive at + 小地方，get to +地点名词，reach+tL点名词3. borrow, lend 和

13、keepborrow “借”为短暂性动词，表示主语“借入”，常用短语borrow sth from sb.;lend “借”为短暂性动词，表示主语“借出”,常用短语lend sth to sb.;keep “保存；借”，为延续性动词，表“长时间地借”How long can I keep this book?这本书我能借多久？4. dress, put on口 wear:dress sb.给某人穿衣®dress sb. u画装打扮；put on穿上，戴上（表示动作） wear穿着，戴着，表示状态。Mother dresses her baby every day母亲每天给她的孩子穿衣

14、服。The lady dressed herself up and went to a part y（穿上盛装）Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。5. bring, take, carry 和 fetchbring ”带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”；take “拿去，带走”表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”；carry “扛，搬”用力移动，没有方向；fetch ”去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿物”。6. die, dead, death, dyingdie死，是不及物动词，终止性动词dying意为“垂死的，要死的”，形容词dead意为

15、“死的”，形容词，表示状态death意为“死”His grandfather has been dead for ten yearsfc的祖父已经死了 十年了。His death made us feel very sad. /The poor old man was dying那个可怜的老人快死了。7. spend, cost , take 和 pay:sb. spend 钱/时间 on sth.sb. spend 钱/时间（in） doing;cost物作主语，意义为“值多少钱，花费”take 花时间：It + takes + 时间 + to do sth;sb. pay some mon

16、ey for sth.8. look for和find: look for强调寻找的过程find强调找的结果，还可表“发现”9. hung和hanged: hung意为“悬挂"hanged意为“吊死、绞死”10. listen to和hear: listen to和hear者B有 听”的意思。listen为不及物动词，与to组成固定搭 配，强调听的动作；hear强调听的结果。13 . lose, forget和 leave:lose意为 去失"，失去”；forget意为 忘记”，忘记去做某事为leave sth. +地点，意为 把某事落在某处”。14 .join, take

17、 part in和attend:三个词都有 参加”的意思join一股指加入 党派”或 组织”，如参军、入党等，join in加入某项活动，join sb加入某人；take part in指参加聚会或活动；attend 一股指出席会议16 . think of, think about, think overthink of意为想到”；think about意为 考虑"，宾语it或them置后；think over意为 仔细考虑"，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题;17 . lose, fail, beat和 winlose意为 输给某人"，固定搭配为lo

18、se to sb.;fail是 失败”或 朱做成某事”；beat意为 打败"，后接sb或某支队伍；win意为赢得”,如，赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。18 . It is believed that 大家相信It is known that 众所周知It is supposed that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It must be remembered that务必 t 己住It is taken for granted that被认为理所当然19 .记住下列动词，它们 只能接动名词 作宾语而不能接不定式admit承认consider思考，考虑enjoy喜欢f

19、orgive 原谅keep坚持resist阻止， 抵抗appreciate 感激 deny否认 excuse道歉 fancy想象 pardon原谅 suggest建议avoid避兔 delay推退escape逃过 imagine 想象 practise 练习 understand 理解can't help禁不住 detest厌恶 finish元长 involve 包括喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to却完毕(finish)；想要(feel like)花费(spend法练习(practice),忍俊不

20、禁(can't help)还介意(mind),后接动词ing.it is a waste of time sbs doing sth. waste time doing sth 把时间浪费在做某事上接动名词作宾语的短语：be surprised at 对be interested in 对.兴趣be responsible for 又t.负责任be fond of 喜欢be tired (sick) of 厌倦be proud of 以.而骄傲be afraid of 害怕be opposed to反对give up放弃succeed in 成功object to 反对preventf

21、rom/stopfrom 阻止 be good at 擅长 forgive/thank sb. for doingbe capable of .能力be usedto习惯于belong to 属于 put off推迟 dream of 梦想 feel like 想要depend on 依靠 keep on继续 refer to指的是 look forward to 期待devote ones life (time) to be engaged in从事于献身于be satisfied with 对 满意it s no use/good doing故没用20 .巧学妙记:只能跟不定式作宾语的动词

22、：决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope)同意计戈U莫彳贸装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail )准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford), 答应安NF理应当(promise,arrange,be supposed,) 以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记莫忘记。21 .分词的句法功能：定语：现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词Do you know the boy play

23、ing football ?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？Please hand in your written exercise# 上交你 的笔试练习。状语：分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughin尊生们谈笑着走出了 教师。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。22 .作直接宾语时，动名词和不定式在含义上有区别的：(1)forget doing sh 和 forget to do sthforget

24、 doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth忘记要去做某事remember doing. .sth.i 己得做过某事remember, to一 do , sthi 己得要去做某事.regret, doing, sth后悔做过某事reget . to .do. sth遗憾要做 票事.stop doing sth停下正在做的是stop to do sth停下去做另外一件事try doing sth尝试做某事try to do尽力做某事mean doing意味着做某事mean to do 打算做某事allow .doing 一允.诧一做某事一.all.owsb.to, -do.

25、 sth允诧某人彳故某事一want/need/require表小“需要”时，后面常用动名词或不定式表示被动：want/need/ require doing = want/need/ require to be doneThis car needs repairing. = This car needs to be repaired.The road wants rebuilding. = The road wants to be rebuilt.实际操练场一一翻译下列句子：1 .那个老太太总是忘记已经吃过药2 .那个老太太总是忘记要吃药。3 .我记得以前吃过这道菜。我记着在这家餐馆要吃这道菜

26、4 .Let's stop working and have a rest. 5 .Let's stop to buy something to eat here.6 .She regretted telling her mother the truth7.I regret to borrow money from him. 练习：1. When I handed the report to Peter, he said that David was the right person.A. to send it to B. to send C. to be sent D. for sending2. Why are you late? My bike broke down. I had it.A. repairedB.